EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Larrea divaricata Cav.

Family:: Zygophyllaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 434
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: Nordihydroguaiaretic acid in leaves and stems #2: lignan (beta, gamma-dimethyl-alpha,delta-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)butane) in aerial part #3: Nordihydroguaiaretic acid in resin from leaves

Endpoint Studies

#1: cystic reticuloendotheliosis of paracaecal lymph nodes in rats #2: vacuolation of kidney tubular epithelium in rats

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Bongiovanni, Guillermina., Cantero, Juan., Eynard, Aldo., Goleniowski, Marta. Organic extracts of Larrea divaricata Cav. induced apoptosis on tumoral MCF7 cells with an higher cytotoxicity than nordihydroguaiaretic acid or paclitaxel. . journal of experimental therapeutics & oncology, 2008, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 1–7. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

leaves and stems extracted with 70% ethanol
Substance:

nordihydroguaiaretic acid (RF-00003949-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also NMR
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.1
Internal remarks:

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid in leaves and stems

Composition #2: Rivero-Cruz, I., Acevedo, L., Guerrero, JA., Martinez, S., Bye, R., Pereda-Miranda, R., Franzblau, S., Timmermann, BN., Mata, R. Antimycobacterial agents from selected Mexican medicinal plants. journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 2005, vol. 57, no. 9, p. 1117–1126. DOI: 10.1211/jpp.57.9.0007. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

CH2Cl2/MeOH 1:1
Substance:

lignans (RF-00004361-PAR)
Additional substance description:

beta, gamma-dimethyl-alpha,delta-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)butane
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

lignan (beta, gamma-dimethyl-alpha,delta-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)butane) in aerial part

Composition #3: Rios, J. M., Mangione, A. M., Gianello, J. C. Effects of natural phenolic compounds from a desert dominant shrub Larrea divaricata Cav. on toxicity and survival in mice . revista chilena de historia natural, 2008, vol. 81, no. 2, p. 293–302. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Resin (as part-nature) (A166X)
Additional extraction description:

Resin obtained by soaking leaves in ethyl ether
Substance:

nordihydroguaiaretic acid (RF-00003949-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: NMR, EIMS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

15.6
Internal remarks:

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid in resin from leaves

Endpoint study #1: GRICE, HC., BECKING, G., GOODMAN, T. TOXIC PROPERTIES OF NORDIHYDROGUAIARETIC ACID. food and cosmetics toxicology, 1968, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 155–&. DOI: 10.1016/0015-6264(68)90197-1. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

nordihydroguaiaretic acid (RF-00003949-PAR)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Type of toxicological test:

chronic/long term toxicity (CHD004TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

2.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Year (G207A)
Number of organisms dosed:

60
Control groups used:

yes, plain diet
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

0.5-1
Critical effect:

Other toxicities (TOX19A)
Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Lymph Nodes (TT013A)
Effect description:

cystic reticuloendotheliosis of paracaecal lymph nodes
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

cystic reticuloendotheliosis of paracaecal lymph nodes in rats

Endpoint study #2: GRICE, HC., BECKING, G., GOODMAN, T. TOXIC PROPERTIES OF NORDIHYDROGUAIARETIC ACID. food and cosmetics toxicology, 1968, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 155–&. DOI: 10.1016/0015-6264(68)90197-1. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

nordihydroguaiaretic acid (RF-00003949-PAR)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Type of toxicological test:

chronic/long term toxicity (CHD004TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

2.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Year (G207A)
Number of organisms dosed:

60
Control groups used:

yes, plain diet
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

0.5-1
Critical effect:

NEPHROTOXICITY (TOX03A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Kidneys (TT046A)
Effect description:

vacuolation of kidney tubular epithelium
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

vacuolation of kidney tubular epithelium in rats