EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Kalmia latifolia L.

Family:: Ericaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 367
Number of processed references:: 3

Compositions

#1: Grayanotoxin I in sap from aerial parts #2: grayanotoxin II, III and XVIII in leaves #3: kalmitoxin I-VI (diterpenes) in leaves #4: lyoniol A (deterpene) in leaves

Endpoint Studies

#1: vomiting, hematochezia, bradycardia, weakness, and ataxia in dog

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: MANCINI, SD., EDWARDS, JM. CYTOTOXIC PRINCIPLES FROM THE SAP OF KALMIA-LATIFOLIA. journal of natural products, 1979, vol. 42, no. 5, p. 483–488. DOI: 10.1021/np50005a008. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Sap (as part-nature) (A166V)
Additional extraction description:

from leaves and stems
Substance:

Grayanotoxins (RF-00009356-PAR)
Additional substance description:

grayanotosin I
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

IR, TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Grayanotoxin I in sap from aerial parts

Composition #2: ELNAGGAR, SF., DOSKOTCH, RW., ODELL, TM., GIRARD, L. ANTIFEEDANT DITERPENES FOR THE GYPSY-MOTH LARVAE FROM KALMIA-LATIFOLIA - ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 10 GRAYANOIDS . journal of natural products, 1980, vol. 43, no. 5, p. 617–631. DOI: 10.1021/np50011a016. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Grayanotoxins (RF-00009356-PAR)
Additional substance description:

granyatoxin II, granyatoxin III, granyatoxin XVIII
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

grayanotoxin II, III and XVIII in leaves

Composition #3: ELNAGGAR, SF., DOSKOTCH, RW., ODELL, TM., GIRARD, L. ANTIFEEDANT DITERPENES FOR THE GYPSY-MOTH LARVAE FROM KALMIA-LATIFOLIA - ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 10 GRAYANOIDS . journal of natural products, 1980, vol. 43, no. 5, p. 617–631. DOI: 10.1021/np50011a016. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Diterpenes Diterpenes (RF-00004378-PAR)
Additional substance description:

kalmitoxin I, kalmitoxin II, kalmitoxin III, kalmitoxin VI, kalmitoxin V, kalmitoxin VI
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

kalmitoxin I-VI (diterpenes) in leaves

Composition #4: ELNAGGAR, SF., DOSKOTCH, RW., ODELL, TM., GIRARD, L. ANTIFEEDANT DITERPENES FOR THE GYPSY-MOTH LARVAE FROM KALMIA-LATIFOLIA - ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 10 GRAYANOIDS . journal of natural products, 1980, vol. 43, no. 5, p. 617–631. DOI: 10.1021/np50011a016. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Diterpenes Diterpenes (RF-00004378-PAR)
Additional substance description:

lyoniol A
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

lyoniol A (deterpene) in leaves

Endpoint study #1: Manhart, Ingrid O., DeClementi, Camille., Guenther, Christine L. Mountain laurel toxicosis in a dog. journal of veterinary emergency and critical care, 2013, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 77–81. DOI: 10.1111/vec.12009. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Dog (as animal) (A0CNL)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

1.0
Unit of exposure duration:

single (food/feed) (G203A)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

Neurologic (TT004A)
Effect description:

vomiting, hematochezia, bradycardia, weakness, and ataxia
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

vomiting, hematochezia, bradycardia, weakness, and ataxia in dog