Draft - work in progress
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- Justicia adhatoda L. // Adhatoda vasica Nees
Justicia adhatoda L. // Adhatoda vasica Nees
- Family:
- Achanthaceae
- Approval state:
- Approved
- Number of articles retrieved:
- 1206
- Number of processed references:
- 8
Composition #1: Al-Amin, Md., Islam, Md. Monirul., Siddiqi, M. Mahboob Ali., Akter, Shakila., Ahmed, Shamim., Haque, Mohammad Majedul., Sultana, Nasim., Chowdhury, A. M. Sarwaruddin. Neoandrographolide isolated from leaves of Adhatoda vasica Nees. dhaka university journal of science, 2012, vol. 60, no. 1, p. 1–3. .
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
ethanol
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Substance:
neoandrographolide (RF-00003506-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
UV, IR
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
-
Internal remarks:
Neoandrographolide in leaves
Composition #2: Singh Awantika., Kumar Sunil., Bajpai Vikas., Kumar Brijesh., Singh Awantika., Bajpai Vikas., Kumar Brijesh. Simultaneous determination of pyrroquinazoline alkaloids and flavonoids in Adhatoda beddomei and Adhatoda vasica and their marketed herbal formulations using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry. biomedical chromatography : bmc, 2017, p. 31(3). .
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
range of values below includes results for ethanolic extract, chloroform extract, and aqueous fraction
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Substance:
vasicinone (RF-00004098-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
UHPLC-MS-MS (F608A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
331.40-34450
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Internal remarks:
Vasicinone in leaves
Composition #3: Singh Awantika., Kumar Sunil., Bajpai Vikas., Kumar Brijesh., Singh Awantika., Bajpai Vikas., Kumar Brijesh. Simultaneous determination of pyrroquinazoline alkaloids and flavonoids in Adhatoda beddomei and Adhatoda vasica and their marketed herbal formulations using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry. biomedical chromatography : bmc, 2017, p. 31(3). .
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-
Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
range of values below includes results for ethanolic extract, chloroform and aqueous fractions
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Substance:
peganine (RF-00003980-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
syn of vasicine
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Analytical method code:
UHPLC-MS-MS (F608A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
932.50-32080
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Internal remarks:
Vasicine in leaves
Composition #4: Paulraj, M. Gabriel., Shanmugam, N., Ignacimuthu, S. Antifeedant activity and toxicity of two alkaloids from Adhatoda vasica Nees leaves against diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Linn.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) larvae . archives of phytopathology and plant protection, 2014, vol. 47, no. 15, p. 1832–1840. DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2013.859402.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
hexane
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Substance:
Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
2-acetyl benzylamine
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Analytical method code:
Unspecified (F598A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
Reference to details reported in paper published by Ignacimuthu and Shanmugam (2010)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
2-acetyl benzylamine (alkaloid) in leaves
Composition #5: Paulraj, M. Gabriel., Shanmugam, N., Ignacimuthu, S. Antifeedant activity and toxicity of two alkaloids from Adhatoda vasica Nees leaves against diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Linn.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) larvae . archives of phytopathology and plant protection, 2014, vol. 47, no. 15, p. 1832–1840. DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2013.859402.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
hexane
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Substance:
peganine (RF-00003980-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
vasicine acetate (vasicine= syn of peganine)
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Analytical method code:
Unspecified (F598A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
Reference to details reported in paper published by Ignacimuthu and Shanmugam (2010)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
-
Internal remarks:
Vasicine acetate in leaves
Composition #6: Claeson, UP., Malmfors, T., Wikman, G., Bruhn, JG. Adhatoda vasica: a critical review of ethnopharmacological and toxicological data . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2000, vol. 72, no. 1-2, p. 1–20. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00225-7.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
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Additional extraction description:
unspecified
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Substance:
quinazoline alkaloids (RF-00004316-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
vasicinol, vasicinolone, vasicinone and adhatonine
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Analytical method code:
Unspecified (F598A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
Review article
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
-
Internal remarks:
quinazoline alkaloids in roots
Composition #7: Claeson, UP., Malmfors, T., Wikman, G., Bruhn, JG. Adhatoda vasica: a critical review of ethnopharmacological and toxicological data . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2000, vol. 72, no. 1-2, p. 1–20. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00225-7.
[
DOI link]
-
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Plant part:
Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
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Additional extraction description:
unspecified
-
Substance:
peganine (RF-00003980-PAR)
-
Analytical method code:
Unspecified (F598A)
-
Analytical method - additional description:
Review article
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Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
0.0541- 1.105
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Internal remarks:
Peganine (=vasicine) in leaves, roots and flowers
Composition #8: Claeson, UP., Malmfors, T., Wikman, G., Bruhn, JG. Adhatoda vasica: a critical review of ethnopharmacological and toxicological data . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2000, vol. 72, no. 1-2, p. 1–20. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00225-7.
[
DOI link]
-
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Additional extraction description:
Review article, details unspecified.
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Substance:
quinazoline alkaloids (RF-00004316-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
vasicinone, vasicinol, adhatodine, adhatonine, adhavasinone, anisotine and peganine
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Analytical method code:
Unspecified (F598A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
Review article
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
-
Internal remarks:
quinazoline alkaloids in leaves
Composition #9: Gao, Hong., Huang, Yi-Na., Gao, Bo., Li, Peng., Inagaki, Chika., Kawabata, Jun. Inhibitory effect on alpha-glucosidase by Adhatoda vasica Nees. food chemistry, 2008, vol. 108, no. 3, p. 965–972. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.12.002.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
50% methanol
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Substance:
quinazoline alkaloids (RF-00004316-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
vasicinol
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Analytical method code:
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
EI-HRMS
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Vasicinol (a quinazoline alkaloid) in leaves
Composition #10: Khan, Amir Muhammad., Qureshi, Rizwana Aleem., Ullah, Faizan., Gilani, Syed Aneel., Nosheen, Asia., Sahreen, Sumaira., Laghari, Muhammad Khan., Laghari, Muhammad Yousif., Shafiq-Ur-Rehman., Hussain, Ishtiaq., Murad, Waheed. Phytochemical analysis of selected medicinal plants of Margalla Hills and surroundings . journal of medicinal plants research, 2011, vol. 5, no. 25, p. 6017–6023. DOI: 10.5897/JMPR11.869.
[
DOI link]
-
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Plant part:
Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
aqueous fraction of methanolic extract
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Substance:
cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
Keller-Killani test
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Cardiac Glycosides in plant
Composition #11: Khan, Amir Muhammad., Qureshi, Rizwana Aleem., Ullah, Faizan., Gilani, Syed Aneel., Nosheen, Asia., Sahreen, Sumaira., Laghari, Muhammad Khan., Laghari, Muhammad Yousif., Shafiq-Ur-Rehman., Hussain, Ishtiaq., Murad, Waheed. Phytochemical analysis of selected medicinal plants of Margalla Hills and surroundings . journal of medicinal plants research, 2011, vol. 5, no. 25, p. 6017–6023. DOI: 10.5897/JMPR11.869.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
10% acetic acid in ethanol
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Substance:
Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
"Harborne (1973) method"
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Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
1.13
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Internal remarks:
Alkaloids in plant
Composition #12: Khan, Amir Muhammad., Qureshi, Rizwana Aleem., Ullah, Faizan., Gilani, Syed Aneel., Nosheen, Asia., Sahreen, Sumaira., Laghari, Muhammad Khan., Laghari, Muhammad Yousif., Shafiq-Ur-Rehman., Hussain, Ishtiaq., Murad, Waheed. Phytochemical analysis of selected medicinal plants of Margalla Hills and surroundings . journal of medicinal plants research, 2011, vol. 5, no. 25, p. 6017–6023. DOI: 10.5897/JMPR11.869.
[
DOI link]
-
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Plant part:
Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
20% aqueous ethanol
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Substance:
Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
"Obadoni and Ochuko (2001)"
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Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
2.09
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Internal remarks:
Saponins in plant
Composition #13: Khan, Amir Muhammad., Qureshi, Rizwana Aleem., Ullah, Faizan., Gilani, Syed Aneel., Nosheen, Asia., Sahreen, Sumaira., Laghari, Muhammad Khan., Laghari, Muhammad Yousif., Shafiq-Ur-Rehman., Hussain, Ishtiaq., Murad, Waheed. Phytochemical analysis of selected medicinal plants of Margalla Hills and surroundings . journal of medicinal plants research, 2011, vol. 5, no. 25, p. 6017–6023. DOI: 10.5897/JMPR11.869.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
aqueous fraction of methanolic extract
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Substance:
phlobotannins (RF-00011481-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
boiled in HCl, yielded red precipitate. result was "weakly positive" for phlobatannins
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
-
Internal remarks:
Phlobotannins in plant
Composition #14: Burgos, R., Forcelledo, M., Wagner, H., Muller, A., Hancke, J., Wikman, G., Croxatto, H. Non-abortive effect of Adhatoda vasica spissum leaf extract by oral administration in rats . phytomedicine, 1997, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 145–149. .
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
water
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Substance:
vasicinone (RF-00004098-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
HPLC-DAD (F587A)
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Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
0.027
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Internal remarks:
Vasicinone in leaves
Composition #15: Burgos, R., Forcelledo, M., Wagner, H., Muller, A., Hancke, J., Wikman, G., Croxatto, H. Non-abortive effect of Adhatoda vasica spissum leaf extract by oral administration in rats . phytomedicine, 1997, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 145–149. .
-
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
water
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Substance:
peganine (RF-00003980-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
synonym of vasicine
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Analytical method code:
HPLC-DAD (F587A)
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Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
0.85
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Internal remarks:
Vasicine in leaves
Endpoint study
#1: Claeson, UP., Malmfors, T., Wikman, G., Bruhn, JG. Adhatoda vasica: a critical review of ethnopharmacological and toxicological data . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2000, vol. 72, no. 1-2, p. 1–20. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00225-7.
[
DOI link]
-
Study relevance:
Human health
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Plant part:
Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
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Preparation/Extraction method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional plant/substance description:
Different extracts (water, benzene, 50% EtOH) from leaves, and acetone and MeOH from bark and root
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Type of toxicological test:
reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
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Limit test:
Not applicable
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Tested organism:
Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
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Route of exposure:
ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
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Unit of exposure duration:
Day (G134A)
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Control groups used:
no data
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Endpoint measured:
Dose level (CHD014EP)
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Concentration unit:
Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
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Effect concentration:
100
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Critical effect:
REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
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Effect description:
About half of the animals (5-10 animals/group) treated with about 100 mg/kg of different A. vasica extracts (leaves, bark or root) did not show any implantation sites (Prakash et al., 1985).
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Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
reproduction (CHD014BE)
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Internal remarks:
Decreased implantation in rats after extracts of J.adhatoda p.o. (review, no details/primary data)
Endpoint study
#2: NATH, D., SETHI, N., SINGH, RK., JAIN, AK. COMMONLY USED INDIAN ABORTIFACIENT PLANTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR TERATOLOGIC EFFECTS IN RATS . journal of ethnopharmacology, 1992, vol. 36, no. 2, p. 147–154. DOI: 10.1016/0378-8741(92)90015-J.
[
DOI link]
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Study relevance:
Human health
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Preparation/Extraction method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional plant/substance description:
drying and extraction with EtOH, drying and pulvrization
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Type of toxicological test:
reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
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Limit test:
Not applicable
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Tested organism:
Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
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-
Route of exposure:
ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
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-
Unit of exposure duration:
Day (G134A)
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Number of organisms dosed:
7
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Control groups used:
yes, concurrent vehicle
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Endpoint measured:
Dose level (CHD014EP)
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Concentration unit:
Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
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Effect concentration:
175
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Critical effect:
REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
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Target tissue:
Urogenital (TT006A)
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Effect description:
resorption of all fetuses in 7 out of 7 animals dosed with extract from leaves corresponding to 175mg leaves/kg bw/day for 10 days, day 0-9 of gestation
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Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
reproduction (CHD014BE)
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Internal remarks:
Reproductive study in rat; resorption of all fetuses in 7 rats dosed with leaves (175 mg/kg bw daily for 10 days, day 0-9 of gestation)
Endpoint study
#3: Burgos, R., Forcelledo, M., Wagner, H., Muller, A., Hancke, J., Wikman, G., Croxatto, H. Non-abortive effect of Adhatoda vasica spissum leaf extract by oral administration in rats . phytomedicine, 1997, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 145–149. .
-
Study relevance:
Human health
-
Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
-
Preparation/Extraction method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional plant/substance description:
aqueous extract, known to contain 0.85% peganine (=vasicine)
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Type of toxicological test:
reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
-
Limit test:
Not applicable
-
Tested organism:
Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
-
Strain of test organism:
Sprague-Dawley (CHD012ST)
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-
Route of exposure:
ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
-
-
Unit of exposure duration:
Day (G134A)
-
Number of organisms dosed:
5
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Control groups used:
yes, concurrent vehicle
-
Endpoint measured:
Dose level (CHD014EP)
-
Concentration unit:
Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
-
Effect concentration:
325
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Critical effect:
REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
-
Effect description:
Slight decrease in fetal body weight after treatment of pregnant rats days 1-9 of gestation (leaf extract by gavage at 325 mg/kg)
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Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
reproduction (CHD014BE)
-
Internal remarks:
Slight decrease in fetal body weight after treatment of pregnant rats
Endpoint study
#4: Burgos, R., Forcelledo, M., Wagner, H., Muller, A., Hancke, J., Wikman, G., Croxatto, H. Non-abortive effect of Adhatoda vasica spissum leaf extract by oral administration in rats . phytomedicine, 1997, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 145–149. .
-
Study relevance:
Human health
-
Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
-
Preparation/Extraction method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional plant/substance description:
aqueous extract, known to contain 0.85% peganine (=vasicine) and 0.027% vasicinone
-
Type of toxicological test:
reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
-
Limit test:
Not applicable
-
Tested organism:
Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
-
Strain of test organism:
Sprague-Dawley (CHD012ST)
-
-
Route of exposure:
ORAL: DRINKING WATER (OECD2229PL)
-
-
Unit of exposure duration:
Day (G134A)
-
Number of organisms dosed:
9
-
Control groups used:
yes, concurrent vehicle
-
Endpoint measured:
Dose level (CHD014EP)
-
Concentration unit:
Percent (G138A)
-
Effect concentration:
0.25 -2.5
-
Critical effect:
REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
-
Effect description:
Dose dependent increase of resorptions after treatment of pregnant rats days 1-9 of gestation (leaf extract in drinking water at 0.25 and 2.5%)
-
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
reproduction (CHD014BE)
-
Internal remarks:
Dose dependent increase of resorptions after treatment of pregnant rats