EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Juniperus sabina L. // Juniperus sabina var. tamariscifolia Aiton // Sabina vulgaris Antoine

Family:: Cupressaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 424
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: Deoxypodophyllotoxin in leaves #2: Podophyllotoxin in leaves #3: Umbelliferone in leaves #4: deoxypodophyllotoxin in leaves #5: Podophyllotoxin in leaves #6: methyleugenol in leaf essential oil #7: Cedrol in leaf essential oil #8: Myrcene in leaf essential oil #9: Safrole in leaf essential oil #10: beta-thujone in leaf essential oil

Endpoint Studies

#1: Reduced fertility, morphological changes in epididymis in male rats after treatment with powdered fruit

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Renouard, Sullivan., Lopez, Tatiana., Hendrawati, Oktavia., Dupre, Patricia., Doussot, Joel., Falguieres, Annie., Ferroud, Clotilde., Hagege, Daniel., Lamblin, Frederic., Laine, Eric., . Podophyllotoxin and Deoxypodophyllotoxin in Juniperus bermudiana and 12 Other Juniperus Species: Optimization of Extraction, Method Validation, and Quantification. journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2011, vol. 59, no. 15, p. 8101–8107. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

various concentrations of MeOH, EtOH, acetone, chloroform, petroleum ether
Substance:

deoxypodophyllotoxin (RF-00003769-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.6-2
Internal remarks:

Deoxypodophyllotoxin in leaves

Composition #2: Renouard, Sullivan., Lopez, Tatiana., Hendrawati, Oktavia., Dupre, Patricia., Doussot, Joel., Falguieres, Annie., Ferroud, Clotilde., Hagege, Daniel., Lamblin, Frederic., Laine, Eric., . Podophyllotoxin and Deoxypodophyllotoxin in Juniperus bermudiana and 12 Other Juniperus Species: Optimization of Extraction, Method Validation, and Quantification. journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2011, vol. 59, no. 15, p. 8101–8107. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

various concentrations of MeOH, EtOH, acetone, chloroform, petroleum ether
Substance:

podophyllotoxin (RF-00004001-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.2-2.4
Internal remarks:

Podophyllotoxin in leaves

Composition #3: Och, Marek., Och, Anna., Ciesla, Lukasz., Kocki, Janusz., Bogucka-Kocka, Anna. Screening various Juniperus species for the occurrence of umbelliferone by means of bivariate multiple development thin-layer chromatography. journal of planar chromatography--modern tlc, 2013, vol. 26, no. 5, p. 421–426. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

extraction with 100% methanol for 5h at 25°C under stirring in a water bath
Substance:

umbelliferone (RF-00004096-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

CAMAG TLC Visualizer at UV (λ = 366 nm)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.86 - 5.67
Internal remarks:

Umbelliferone in leaves

Composition #4: Och, M., Och, A., Cies̈la, L., Kubrak, T., Pecio, L., Stochmal, A., Kocki, J., Bogucka-Kocka, A. Study of cytotoxic activity, podophyllotoxin, and deoxypodophyllotoxin content in selected Juniperus species cultivated in Poland. pharmaceutical biology, 2015, vol. 53, no. 6, p. 831–837. DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.943246. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

100% methanol
Substance:

deoxypodophyllotoxin (RF-00003769-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (quadrupole) (F028A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

209.3-721.2
Internal remarks:

deoxypodophyllotoxin in leaves

Composition #5: Och, M., Och, A., Cies̈la, L., Kubrak, T., Pecio, L., Stochmal, A., Kocki, J., Bogucka-Kocka, A. Study of cytotoxic activity, podophyllotoxin, and deoxypodophyllotoxin content in selected Juniperus species cultivated in Poland. pharmaceutical biology, 2015, vol. 53, no. 6, p. 831–837. DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.943246. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

100% methanol
Substance:

podophyllotoxin (RF-00004001-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (quadrupole) (F028A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

45 - 349
Internal remarks:

Podophyllotoxin in leaves

Composition #6: Adams, Robert P., Nguyen, Sanko., Liu, Jianquan. Geographic variation in the leaf essential oils of Juniperus sabina L. and J-sablina var. arenaria (E.H. Wilson) Farjon . journal of essential oil research, 2006, vol. 18, no. 5, p. 497–502. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

steam distillation
Substance:

methyleugenol (RF-00003931-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.1-4.2
Internal remarks:

methyleugenol in leaf essential oil

Composition #7: Adams, Robert P., Nguyen, Sanko., Liu, Jianquan. Geographic variation in the leaf essential oils of Juniperus sabina L. and J-sablina var. arenaria (E.H. Wilson) Farjon . journal of essential oil research, 2006, vol. 18, no. 5, p. 497–502. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

alpha-cedrol (RF-00003645-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0-15.9
Internal remarks:

Cedrol in leaf essential oil

Composition #8: Adams, Robert P., Nguyen, Sanko., Liu, Jianquan. Geographic variation in the leaf essential oils of Juniperus sabina L. and J-sablina var. arenaria (E.H. Wilson) Farjon . journal of essential oil research, 2006, vol. 18, no. 5, p. 497–502. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

steam distillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3-4.2
Internal remarks:

Myrcene in leaf essential oil

Composition #9: Adams, Robert P., Nguyen, Sanko., Liu, Jianquan. Geographic variation in the leaf essential oils of Juniperus sabina L. and J-sablina var. arenaria (E.H. Wilson) Farjon . journal of essential oil research, 2006, vol. 18, no. 5, p. 497–502. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

steam distillation
Substance:

Safrole (RF-00003651-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0-3.2
Internal remarks:

Safrole in leaf essential oil

Composition #10: Adams, Robert P., Nguyen, Sanko., Liu, Jianquan. Geographic variation in the leaf essential oils of Juniperus sabina L. and J-sablina var. arenaria (E.H. Wilson) Farjon . journal of essential oil research, 2006, vol. 18, no. 5, p. 497–502. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

steam distillation
Substance:

beta-thujone (RF-00003712-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.1-2.8
Internal remarks:

beta-thujone in leaf essential oil

Endpoint study #1: Xie Shuwu., Li Guoting., Zhong Ruihua., Zhou Jieyun., Guo Xiangjie., Li Zhao., Ma Aying., Zhu Yan., Qu Lijuan., Chen Ping., . Podophyllotoxin Extracted from Juniperus sabina Fruit Inhibits Rat Sperm Maturation and Fertility by Promoting Epididymal Epithelial Cell Apoptosis. evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : ecam, 2017, vol. 2017, p. 6958982. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Powder (A06JD)
Additional plant/substance description:

The fruits were smashed into powder in liquid nitrogen
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Sprague-Dawley (CHD012ST)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

8.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Week (G205A)
Number of organisms dosed:

16
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent no treatment
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Grams per kilogram body weight per day (G212A)
Effect concentration:

0.8
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Testes (TT050A)
Effect description:

0.8 resp. 1.25 mg extract/kg bw/day - fertility declined to 42.8 resp. 12.5%. Sperm motility declined. Atrophied ductus epididymis in high-dose-group and other epithelias damage
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

Reduced fertility, morphological changes in epididymis in male rats after treatment with powdered fruit