EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Juniperus phoenicea L.

Family:: Cupressaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 447
Number of processed references:: 11

Compositions

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Derwich, Elhoussine., Benziane, Zineb., Taouil, Rachid., Senhaji, Omar., Touzani, Mohamed. A comparative study of the chemical composition of the leaves volatile oil of Juniperus phoenicea and Juniperus oxycedrus. middle east journal of scientific research, 2010, vol. 5, no. 5, p. 416–424. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

l-Piperitone (RF-00007699-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.56
Internal remarks:

Piperitone in leaf essential oil

Composition #2: Derwich, Elhoussine., Benziane, Zineb., Taouil, Rachid., Senhaji, Omar., Touzani, Mohamed. A comparative study of the chemical composition of the leaves volatile oil of Juniperus phoenicea and Juniperus oxycedrus. middle east journal of scientific research, 2010, vol. 5, no. 5, p. 416–424. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5.24
Internal remarks:

Myrcene in leaf essential oil

Composition #3: Ismail, Amri., Lamia, Hamrouni., Mohsen, Hanana., Bassem, Jamoussi. Herbicidal potential of essential oils from three mediterranean trees on different weeds. current bioactive compounds, 2012, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 3–12. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.94
Internal remarks:

myrcene in leaf essential oil

Composition #4: El-Sawi, Salma Ahmed., Motawae, Hemaia Mohamed., El-Shabrawy, Abdel-Rahman Omar., Sleem, Mohamed Aboul-Fotouh., Sleem, Amani Ameen., Maamoun, Maii Abdel Naby Ismail. Antihyperglycemic effect of Juniperus phoenicea L. on alloxan-induced diabetic rats and diterpenoids isolated from the fruits . journal of coastal life medicine, 2015, vol. 3, no. 11, p. 906–909. DOI: 10.12980/jclm.3.2015j5-96. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOH 80%
Substance:

Diterpenes Diterpenes (RF-00004378-PAR)
Additional substance description:

ferruginol, 7-dehydroabietanone, sugiol, 6-αhydroxy-7-oxoferruginol, totarolone, varodiol
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC, EI-MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Diterpenoids (ferruginol, 7-dehydroabietanone, sugiol, 6-αhydroxy-7-oxoferruginol, totarolone, varodiol ) in fruits

Composition #5: Adams, R.P., Barrero, A.F., Lara, A. Comparisons of the leaf essential oils of juniperus phoenicea, J. Phoenicea subsp. Eu-mediterranea Lebr. and Thiv. and J. Phoenicea var. Turbinata (Guss.) Parl. journal of essential oil research, 1996, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 367–371. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1996.9700642. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

steam distillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4-4.5
Internal remarks:

Myrcene in leaf essential oil

Composition #6: Adams, R.P., Barrero, A.F., Lara, A. Comparisons of the leaf essential oils of juniperus phoenicea, J. Phoenicea subsp. Eu-mediterranea Lebr. and Thiv. and J. Phoenicea var. Turbinata (Guss.) Parl. journal of essential oil research, 1996, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 367–371. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1996.9700642. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

steam distillation
Substance:

labdane diterpenes (RF-00004392-PAR)
Additional substance description:

manoyl oxide
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0-14.4
Internal remarks:

manoyl oxide (labdane diterpene) in leaf essential oil

Composition #7: Barrero, AF., del Moral, JF., Herrador, MM., Akssira, M., Bennamara, A., Akkad, S., Aitigri, M. Oxygenated diterpenes and other constituents from Moroccan Juniperus phoenicea and Juniperus thurifera var. africana . phytochemistry, 2004, vol. 65, no. 17, p. 2507–2515. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.07.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

hexane
Substance:

Diterpenes Diterpenes (RF-00004378-PAR)
Additional substance description:

pimarane diterpenoids 4 new diterpenes in methyl ester forms and 16 known
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

IR, MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Diterpenes (pimarane) in leaves

Composition #8: Achak, Nadia., Romane, Abderrahmane., Abbad, Abdelaziz., Ennajar, Monia., Romdhane, Mehrez., Abderrabba, Abdelmanef. Essential oil composition of Juniperus phoenicea from Morocco and Tunisia . journal of essential oil bearing plants, 2008, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 137–142. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

alpha-cedrol (RF-00003645-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0-1.47
Internal remarks:

cedrol in leaf essential oil

Composition #9: Achak, Nadia., Romane, Abderrahmane., Abbad, Abdelaziz., Ennajar, Monia., Romdhane, Mehrez., Abderrabba, Abdelmanef. Essential oil composition of Juniperus phoenicea from Morocco and Tunisia . journal of essential oil bearing plants, 2008, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 137–142. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

beta-selinene (RF-00011306-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0-7.32
Internal remarks:

beta-selinene in leaf essential oil

Composition #10: Achak, Nadia., Romane, Abderrahmane., Abbad, Abdelaziz., Ennajar, Monia., Romdhane, Mehrez., Abderrabba, Abdelmanef. Essential oil composition of Juniperus phoenicea from Morocco and Tunisia . journal of essential oil bearing plants, 2008, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 137–142. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.7-2.5
Internal remarks:

myrcene in leaf essential oil

Composition #11: Achak, Nadia., Romane, Abderrahmane., Abbad, Abdelaziz., Ennajar, Monia., Romdhane, Mehrez., Abderrabba, Abdelmanef. Essential oil composition of Juniperus phoenicea from Morocco and Tunisia . journal of essential oil bearing plants, 2008, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 137–142. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0-1.03
Internal remarks:

camphor in leaf essential oil

Composition #12: Achak, Nadia., Romane, Abderrahmane., Alifriqui, Mohamed., Adams, Robert P. Chemical Studies of Leaf Essential Oils of Three Species of Juniperus From Tensift Al Haouz-Marrakech Region (Morocco) . journal of essential oil research, 2009, vol. 21, no. 4, p. 337–341. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

water-distilled
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.7-1.2
Internal remarks:

Myrcene in essential oil of leaves

Composition #13: Achak, Nadia., Romane, Abderrahmane., Alifriqui, Mohamed., Adams, Robert P. Chemical Studies of Leaf Essential Oils of Three Species of Juniperus From Tensift Al Haouz-Marrakech Region (Morocco) . journal of essential oil research, 2009, vol. 21, no. 4, p. 337–341. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

water-distilled
Substance:

labdane diterpenes (RF-00004392-PAR)
Additional substance description:

13-epi-manoyl oxide
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.0-1.3
Internal remarks:

13-epi-manoyl oxide (labdane diterpene) in essential oil of leaves

Composition #14: Renouard, Sullivan., Lopez, Tatiana., Hendrawati, Oktavia., Dupre, Patricia., Doussot, Joel., Falguieres, Annie., Ferroud, Clotilde., Hagege, Daniel., Lamblin, Frederic., Laine, Eric., Hano, Christophe. Podophyllotoxin and Deoxypodophyllotoxin in Juniperus bermudiana and 12 Other Juniperus Species: Optimization of Extraction, Method Validation, and Quantification . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2011, vol. 59, no. 15, p. 8101–8107. DOI: 10.1021/jf201410p. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

100% methanol
Substance:

deoxypodophyllotoxin (RF-00003769-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-MS/MS (F698A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.3-0.5
Internal remarks:

Deoxypodophyllotoxin in leaves

Composition #15: Renouard, Sullivan., Lopez, Tatiana., Hendrawati, Oktavia., Dupre, Patricia., Doussot, Joel., Falguieres, Annie., Ferroud, Clotilde., Hagege, Daniel., Lamblin, Frederic., Laine, Eric., Hano, Christophe. Podophyllotoxin and Deoxypodophyllotoxin in Juniperus bermudiana and 12 Other Juniperus Species: Optimization of Extraction, Method Validation, and Quantification . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2011, vol. 59, no. 15, p. 8101–8107. DOI: 10.1021/jf201410p. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

100% methanol
Substance:

podophyllotoxin (RF-00004001-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-MS/MS (F698A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.7-1.9
Internal remarks:

Podophyllotoxin in leaves

Composition #16: Chaftar, Naouel., Girardot, Marion., Quellard, Nathalie., Labanowski, Jerome., Ghrairi, Tawfik., Hani, Khaled., Frere, Jacques., Imbert, Christine. Activity of Six Essential Oils Extracted from Tunisian Plants against Legionella pneumophila . chemistry & biodiversity, 2015, vol. 12, no. 10, p. 1565–1574. DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400343. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Hydrodistillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.04
Internal remarks:

Myrcene in essential oil of aerial parts

Composition #17: Chaftar, Naouel., Girardot, Marion., Quellard, Nathalie., Labanowski, Jerome., Ghrairi, Tawfik., Hani, Khaled., Frere, Jacques., Imbert, Christine. Activity of Six Essential Oils Extracted from Tunisian Plants against Legionella pneumophila . chemistry & biodiversity, 2015, vol. 12, no. 10, p. 1565–1574. DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400343. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Hydrodistillation
Substance:

alpha-cedrol (RF-00003645-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.68
Internal remarks:

Cedrol in essential oil of aerial parts

Composition #18: Harmouzi, Anjoud., Boughdad, Ahmed., El Ammari, Yassine., Chaouch, Abdelaziz. Chemical composition and toxicity of Moroccan Tetraclinis articulata and Juniperus phoenicea essential oils against Aphis citricola Goot, 1912 (Homoptera, Aphididae) . research on chemical intermediates, 2016, vol. 42, no. 9, p. 7185–7197. DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2528-5. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Steam distillation. "Leafy twigs" were the part of the plant used.
Substance:

delta-Selinene (RF-00013692-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.35
Internal remarks:

delta-selinene in leafy twigs

Composition #19: Harmouzi, Anjoud., Boughdad, Ahmed., El Ammari, Yassine., Chaouch, Abdelaziz. Chemical composition and toxicity of Moroccan Tetraclinis articulata and Juniperus phoenicea essential oils against Aphis citricola Goot, 1912 (Homoptera, Aphididae) . research on chemical intermediates, 2016, vol. 42, no. 9, p. 7185–7197. DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2528-5. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Steam distillation. "Leafy twigs" were the part of the plant used.
Substance:

beta-selinene (RF-00011306-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.48
Internal remarks:

beta-selinene in leafy twigs

Composition #20: Comte, G., Chulia, AJ., Vercauteren, J., Allais, DP. Phenylpropane glycosides from Juniperus phoenicea. planta medica, 1996, vol. 62, no. 1, p. 88–89. DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957817. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol (aqueous phase)
Substance:

phenylpropanoids (RF-00004367-PAR)
Additional substance description:

juniperoside and rosarin
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Phenylpropanoids (juniperoside and rosarin) in leaves

Composition #21: Comte, G., Chulia, AJ., Vercauteren, J., Allais, DP. Phenylpropane glycosides from Juniperus phoenicea. planta medica, 1996, vol. 62, no. 1, p. 88–89. DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957817. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol (aqueous phase)
Substance:

skimmine (RF-00004058-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Skimmine in leaves