EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Juniperus oxycedrus L.

Family:: Cupressaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 627
Number of processed references:: 10

Compositions

Endpoint Studies

#1: case report abortion, sterility in cattle #2: case report after intake of one spoonful of essential oil (tar). Symptoms: fever, severe hypotension, renal failure, hepatotoxicity, and severe cutaneous burns on the face #3: hydro-alcoholic leaf extract had potent α-amylase inhibitory effect

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Derwich, Elhoussine., Benziane, Zineb., Taouil, Rachid., Senhaji, Omar., Touzani, Mohamed. A comparative study of the chemical composition of the leaves volatile oil of Juniperus phoenicea and Juniperus oxycedrus. middle east journal of scientific research, 2010, vol. 5, no. 5, p. 416–424. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

isocaryophyllene, 5,6-epoxide (RF-00011474-PAR)
Additional substance description:

caryophyllene oxide (4.12%)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GC-FID and GC-MS, area (%)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.12
Internal remarks:

caryophyllene oxide (4.12%) in essential oil from leaves

Composition #2: Derwich, Elhoussine., Benziane, Zineb., Taouil, Rachid., Senhaji, Omar., Touzani, Mohamed. A comparative study of the chemical composition of the leaves volatile oil of Juniperus phoenicea and Juniperus oxycedrus. middle east journal of scientific research, 2010, vol. 5, no. 5, p. 416–424. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

pinocarvone (RF-00003547-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GC-FID and GC-MS, area (%)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.01
Internal remarks:

pinocarvone in essential oil from leaves

Composition #3: Derwich, Elhoussine., Benziane, Zineb., Taouil, Rachid., Senhaji, Omar., Touzani, Mohamed. A comparative study of the chemical composition of the leaves volatile oil of Juniperus phoenicea and Juniperus oxycedrus. middle east journal of scientific research, 2010, vol. 5, no. 5, p. 416–424. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GC-FID and GC-MS, area (%)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.56
Internal remarks:

myrcene in essential oil from leaves

Composition #4: Derwich, Elhoussine., Benziane, Zineb., Taouil, Rachid., Senhaji, Omar., Touzani, Mohamed. A comparative study of the chemical composition of the leaves volatile oil of Juniperus phoenicea and Juniperus oxycedrus. middle east journal of scientific research, 2010, vol. 5, no. 5, p. 416–424. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

Myrtenol (RF-00007694-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GC-FID and GC-MS, area (%)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.03
Internal remarks:

myrtenol in essential oil from leaves

Composition #5: Derwich, Elhoussine., Benziane, Zineb., Taouil, Rachid., Senhaji, Omar., Touzani, Mohamed. A comparative study of the chemical composition of the leaves volatile oil of Juniperus phoenicea and Juniperus oxycedrus. middle east journal of scientific research, 2010, vol. 5, no. 5, p. 416–424. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

beta-thujone (RF-00003712-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GC-FID and GC-MS, area (%)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.5
Internal remarks:

beta-thujone in essential oil from leaves

Composition #6: Dahmane, D., Dob, T., Chelghoum, C. Chemical composition and analyses of enantiomers of essential oil obtained by steam distillation of Juniperus oxycedrus L. growing in Algeria. journal of materials and environmental science, 2015, vol. 6, no. 11, p. 3159–3167. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

steam distillation
Substance:

Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GC-FID, GC-MS and Enantio-GC analysis
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.9
Internal remarks:

camphor in essential oil from aerial parts

Composition #7: Dahmane, D., Dob, T., Chelghoum, C. Chemical composition and analyses of enantiomers of essential oil obtained by steam distillation of Juniperus oxycedrus L. growing in Algeria. journal of materials and environmental science, 2015, vol. 6, no. 11, p. 3159–3167. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

steam distillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GC-FID, GC-MS and Enantio-GC analysis
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.9
Internal remarks:

myrcene in essential oil from aerial parts

Composition #8: Sahin Yaglioglu, A., Eser, F. Screening of some Juniperus extracts for the phenolic compounds and their antiproliferative activities. south african journal of botany, 2017, vol. 113, p. 29–33. DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2017.07.005. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

sennoside B (RF-00004052-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Sennoside monoglucoside B
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Sennoside monoglucoside B in needles (leaves)

Composition #9: Boti, JB., Bighelli, A., Cavaleiro, C., Saigueiro, L., Casanova, J. Chemical variability of Juniperus oxycedrus ssp oxycedrus berry and leaf oils from Corsica, analysed by combination of GC, GC-MS and C-13-NMR . flavour and fragrance journal, 2006, vol. 21, no. 2, p. 268–273. DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1579. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

C-NMR
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.3
Internal remarks:

myrcene in essential oil of leaves

Composition #10: Boti, JB., Bighelli, A., Cavaleiro, C., Saigueiro, L., Casanova, J. Chemical variability of Juniperus oxycedrus ssp oxycedrus berry and leaf oils from Corsica, analysed by combination of GC, GC-MS and C-13-NMR . flavour and fragrance journal, 2006, vol. 21, no. 2, p. 268–273. DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1579. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

C-NMR
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

14.1-21.9
Internal remarks:

myrcene in essenital oil of fruit

Composition #11: Achak, Nadia., Romane, Abderrahmane., Alifriqui, Mohamed., Adams, Robert P. Chemical Studies of Leaf Essential Oils of Three Species of Juniperus From Tensift Al Haouz-Marrakech Region (Morocco) . journal of essential oil research, 2009, vol. 21, no. 4, p. 337–341. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

water distillation
Substance:

Diterpenes Diterpenes (RF-00004378-PAR)
Additional substance description:

13-epi-manoyl oxide also called manoyl oxide
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

13.2
Internal remarks:

13-epi manoyl oxide (diterpene) present in essential oil from leaves

Composition #12: Saab, Antoine M., Guerrini, Alessandra., Sacchetti, Gianni., Maietti, Silvia., Zeino, Ma'en., Arend, Joachim., Gambari, Roberto., Bernardi, Francesco., Efferth, Thomas. Phytochemical Analysis and Cytotoxicity Towards Multidrug-Resistant Leukemia Cells of Essential Oils Derived from Lebanese Medicinal Plants . planta medica, 2012, vol. 78, no. 18, p. 1927–1931. DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1327896. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Wood (as part-nature) (A166P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

(+)-Alpha-cedrene (RF-00009236-PAR)
Additional substance description:

alpha-cedrene
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

area%
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.4
Internal remarks:

alpha-cedrene in essential oil from wood

Composition #13: Saab, Antoine M., Guerrini, Alessandra., Sacchetti, Gianni., Maietti, Silvia., Zeino, Ma'en., Arend, Joachim., Gambari, Roberto., Bernardi, Francesco., Efferth, Thomas. Phytochemical Analysis and Cytotoxicity Towards Multidrug-Resistant Leukemia Cells of Essential Oils Derived from Lebanese Medicinal Plants . planta medica, 2012, vol. 78, no. 18, p. 1927–1931. DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1327896. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Wood (as part-nature) (A166P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Alpha-calacorene (RF-00011308-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

area%
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.8
Internal remarks:

alpha-calacorene in essential oil from wood

Composition #14: Saab, Antoine M., Guerrini, Alessandra., Sacchetti, Gianni., Maietti, Silvia., Zeino, Ma'en., Arend, Joachim., Gambari, Roberto., Bernardi, Francesco., Efferth, Thomas. Phytochemical Analysis and Cytotoxicity Towards Multidrug-Resistant Leukemia Cells of Essential Oils Derived from Lebanese Medicinal Plants . planta medica, 2012, vol. 78, no. 18, p. 1927–1931. DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1327896. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Wood (as part-nature) (A166P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

alpha-cedrol (RF-00003645-PAR)
Additional substance description:

cedrol
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

area%
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

7.3
Internal remarks:

cedrol in essential oil from wood

Composition #15: Saab, Antoine M., Guerrini, Alessandra., Sacchetti, Gianni., Maietti, Silvia., Zeino, Ma'en., Arend, Joachim., Gambari, Roberto., Bernardi, Francesco., Efferth, Thomas. Phytochemical Analysis and Cytotoxicity Towards Multidrug-Resistant Leukemia Cells of Essential Oils Derived from Lebanese Medicinal Plants . planta medica, 2012, vol. 78, no. 18, p. 1927–1931. DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1327896. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Wood (as part-nature) (A166P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Thujopsene (RF-00010703-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

area%
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

11.6
Internal remarks:

thujopsene in essential oil from wood

Composition #16: Hayta, Sukru., Bagci, Eyup. Essential oil constituents of the leaves, bark and cones of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp oxycedrus L. from Turkey . acta botanica gallica, 2014, vol. 161, no. 2, p. 201–207. DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2014.921642. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

also GC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5.5
Internal remarks:

myrcene in essential oil of bark

Composition #17: Hayta, Sukru., Bagci, Eyup. Essential oil constituents of the leaves, bark and cones of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp oxycedrus L. from Turkey . acta botanica gallica, 2014, vol. 161, no. 2, p. 201–207. DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2014.921642. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Cone (as part-nature) (A166G)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

also GC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

21.7
Internal remarks:

myrcene in essential oil of cone

Composition #18: Hayta, Sukru., Bagci, Eyup. Essential oil constituents of the leaves, bark and cones of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp oxycedrus L. from Turkey . acta botanica gallica, 2014, vol. 161, no. 2, p. 201–207. DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2014.921642. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

also GC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.9
Internal remarks:

myrcene in essential oil of leaves

Endpoint study #1: Al-Qura'n, S. Ethnobotanical survey of folk toxic plants in southern part of Jordan. toxicon, 2005, vol. 46, no. 2, p. 119–129. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.04.010. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Cattle (as animal) (A057E)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

Urogenital (TT006A)
Effect description:

abortion, sterility
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

case report abortion, sterility in cattle

Endpoint study #2: Koruk, ST., Ozyilkan, E., Kaya, P., Colak, D., Donderici, O., Cesaretli, Y. Juniper tar poisoning. clinical toxicology, 2005, vol. 43, no. 1, p. 47–49. DOI: 10.1081/CLT-200045072. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Preparation/Extraction method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional plant/substance description:

tar
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Unit of exposure duration:

Hour (G099A)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Kidneys (TT046A)
Effect description:

fever, severe hypotension, renal failure, hepatotoxicity, and severe cutaneous burns on the face
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

case report after intake of one spoonful of essential oil (tar). Symptoms: fever, severe hypotension, renal failure, hepatotoxicity, and severe cutaneous burns on the face

Endpoint study #3: Orhan, Nilufer., Hosbas, Sanem., Orhan, Didem Deliorman., Aslan, Mustafa., Ergun, Fatma. Enzyme inhibitory and radical scavenging effects of some antidiabetic plants of Turkey . iranian journal of basic medical sciences, 2014, vol. 17, no. 6, p. 426–432. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethanol 80%, water
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/millilitre (G191A)
Effect concentration:

0.0473
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

hydro-alcoholic leaf extract had potent α-amylase inhibitory effect
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

hydro-alcoholic leaf extract had potent α-amylase inhibitory effect