EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Joannesia princeps Vell.

Family:: Euphorbiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 56
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: 3,3´-bisdemethylpinoresinol (seeds) #2: isoamericanol A in seeds #3: isoamericanin A in seeds #4: americanol A in seeds #5: neolignans: Princepin, Isoamericanol C1, Isoamericanol C2, Isoprincepin, Isoamericanol B1, Isoamericanol B2 in seeds #6: steroids in seeds #7: alkaloids in seeds #8: corilagin in leaves #9: 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde in leaves #10: gallic acid in leaves #11: lignan (isolariciresinol-9´-O-beta-D-xylopyranosidee) in leaves #12: curcusone D (diterpene) in root bark #13: 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde in root bark #14: curcusone C (diterpene) in root bark #15: joannesialactone in root bark

Endpoint Studies

#1: The kernels of two seeds caused several episodes of vomiting and diarrhea Spontaneous recovery the same day. #2: In the first 12 h: a reduction of overall activity, piloerection, contortion, decreased respiratory rate, diarrhea, and weight loss in all rats administered the seed extract.

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Waibel, R., Benirschke, G., Benirschke, M., Achenbach, H. Sesquineolignans and other constituents from the seeds of Joannesia princeps . phytochemistry, 2003, vol. 62, no. 5, p. 805–811. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00357-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petrol followed by methanol
Substance:

3,3'-bisdemethylpinoresinol (RF-00003723-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

3,3´-bisdemethylpinoresinol (seeds)

Composition #2: Waibel, R., Benirschke, G., Benirschke, M., Achenbach, H. Sesquineolignans and other constituents from the seeds of Joannesia princeps . phytochemistry, 2003, vol. 62, no. 5, p. 805–811. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00357-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petrol followed by methanol
Substance:

isoamericanol A (RF-00003877-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

isoamericanol A in seeds

Composition #3: Waibel, R., Benirschke, G., Benirschke, M., Achenbach, H. Sesquineolignans and other constituents from the seeds of Joannesia princeps . phytochemistry, 2003, vol. 62, no. 5, p. 805–811. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00357-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petrol followed by methanol
Substance:

isoamericanin A (RF-00003876-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

isoamericanin A in seeds

Composition #4: Waibel, R., Benirschke, G., Benirschke, M., Achenbach, H. Sesquineolignans and other constituents from the seeds of Joannesia princeps . phytochemistry, 2003, vol. 62, no. 5, p. 805–811. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00357-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petrol followed by methanol
Substance:

americanol A (RF-00003678-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

americanol A in seeds

Composition #5: Waibel, R., Benirschke, G., Benirschke, M., Achenbach, H. Sesquineolignans and other constituents from the seeds of Joannesia princeps . phytochemistry, 2003, vol. 62, no. 5, p. 805–811. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00357-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petrol followed by methanol
Substance:

neolignans (RF-00004386-PAR)
Additional substance description:

neolignans:Princepin, Isoamericanol C1, Isoamericanol C2, Isoprincepin, Isoamericanol B1, Isoamericanol B2
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

neolignans: Princepin, Isoamericanol C1, Isoamericanol C2, Isoprincepin, Isoamericanol B1, Isoamericanol B2 in seeds

Composition #6: Araujo, Adriano Cressoni., Guiguer, Elen Landgraf., Barbalho, Sandra Maria., Bueno, Patricia C. S., Lopes, Juliana Agostinho., da Silva, Bruna Ferreira., Girotto, Leticia Cabrini., de Paula, Marina Guirro., Zeber, Paulo Vitor., Goulart, Ricardo de Alvares. Phytochemical Characteristics of Seeds and Its Effects on the Intestinal Motility and Toxicity of Joannesia princeps . journal of medicinal food, 2016, vol. 19, no. 1, p. 68–72. DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.0071. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol extract
Substance:

Steroids (RF-00000309-VET)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

steroids in seeds

Composition #7: Araujo, Adriano Cressoni., Guiguer, Elen Landgraf., Barbalho, Sandra Maria., Bueno, Patricia C. S., Lopes, Juliana Agostinho., da Silva, Bruna Ferreira., Girotto, Leticia Cabrini., de Paula, Marina Guirro., Zeber, Paulo Vitor., Goulart, Ricardo de Alvares. Phytochemical Characteristics of Seeds and Its Effects on the Intestinal Motility and Toxicity of Joannesia princeps . journal of medicinal food, 2016, vol. 19, no. 1, p. 68–72. DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.0071. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol extract
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids in seeds

Composition #8: Camero, Cesar Munoz., Temraz, Abeer., Braca, Alessandra., De Leo, Marinella. Phytochemical study of Joannesia princeps Vell. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves. biochemical systematics and ecology, 2017, vol. 70, p. 69–72. DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2016.10.023. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

n-hexane, chloroform, chloroform-methanol (9:1) and methanol
Substance:

corilagin (RF-00003751-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

also RP-HPLC and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic technique
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

corilagin in leaves

Composition #9: Camero, Cesar Munoz., Temraz, Abeer., Braca, Alessandra., De Leo, Marinella. Phytochemical study of Joannesia princeps Vell. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves. biochemical systematics and ecology, 2017, vol. 70, p. 69–72. DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2016.10.023. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

n-hexane, chloroform, chloroform-methanol (9:1) and methanol
Substance:

4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (RF-00001976-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

also RP-HPLC and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic technique
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

4-hydroxybenzaldehyde in leaves

Composition #10: Camero, Cesar Munoz., Temraz, Abeer., Braca, Alessandra., De Leo, Marinella. Phytochemical study of Joannesia princeps Vell. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves. biochemical systematics and ecology, 2017, vol. 70, p. 69–72. DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2016.10.023. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

n-hexane, chloroform, chloroform-methanol (9:1) and methanol
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

also RP-HPLC and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic technique
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

gallic acid in leaves

Composition #11: Camero, Cesar Munoz., Temraz, Abeer., Braca, Alessandra., De Leo, Marinella. Phytochemical study of Joannesia princeps Vell. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves. biochemical systematics and ecology, 2017, vol. 70, p. 69–72. DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2016.10.023. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

n-hexane, chloroform, chloroform-methanol (9:1) and methanol
Substance:

lignans (RF-00004361-PAR)
Additional substance description:

isolariciresinol-9´-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

also RP-HPLC and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic technique
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

lignan (isolariciresinol-9´-O-beta-D-xylopyranosidee) in leaves

Composition #12: Achenbach, H., Benirschke, G. Joannesialactone and other compounds from Joannesia princeps. phytochemistry, 1997, vol. 45, no. 1, p. 149–157. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00777-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petrol and methanol
Substance:

Diterpenes Diterpenes (RF-00004378-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Curcusone D
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

chromatographic separation and spectroscopic investigation
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.02
Internal remarks:

curcusone D (diterpene) in root bark

Composition #13: Achenbach, H., Benirschke, G. Joannesialactone and other compounds from Joannesia princeps. phytochemistry, 1997, vol. 45, no. 1, p. 149–157. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00777-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petrol and methanol
Substance:

3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde (RF-00001977-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

chromatographic separation and spectroscopic investigation
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.009
Internal remarks:

3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde in root bark

Composition #14: Achenbach, H., Benirschke, G. Joannesialactone and other compounds from Joannesia princeps. phytochemistry, 1997, vol. 45, no. 1, p. 149–157. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00777-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petrol and methanol
Substance:

Diterpenes Diterpenes (RF-00004378-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Curcusone C
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

chromatographic separation and spectroscopic investigation
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.01
Internal remarks:

curcusone C (diterpene) in root bark

Composition #15: Achenbach, H., Benirschke, G. Joannesialactone and other compounds from Joannesia princeps. phytochemistry, 1997, vol. 45, no. 1, p. 149–157. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00777-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petrol and methanol
Substance:

joannesialactone (RF-00003888-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

chromatographic separation and spectroscopic investigation
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.004
Internal remarks:

joannesialactone in root bark

Endpoint study #1: Nishioka, S de A., Escalante, R D. Poisoning by the ingestion of seeds of the fruit of the "cotieira" (Joannesia princeps). . sao paulo medical journal = revista paulista de medicina, 1997, vol. 115, no. 1, p. 1366–7. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional plant/substance description:

the core (kernel) of the fruits
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Piece (G133A)
Effect concentration:

2
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

15 year old boy, ingestion of two seeds, Four hours later, he had several episodes of vomiting and diarrhea, but recovered spontaneously the same day.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

The kernels of two seeds caused several episodes of vomiting and diarrhea Spontaneous recovery the same day.

Endpoint study #2: Araujo, Adriano Cressoni., Guiguer, Elen Landgraf., Barbalho, Sandra Maria., Bueno, Patricia C. S., Lopes, Juliana Agostinho., da Silva, Bruna Ferreira., Girotto, Leticia Cabrini., de Paula, Marina Guirro., Zeber, Paulo Vitor., Goulart, Ricardo de Alvares. Phytochemical Characteristics of Seeds and Its Effects on the Intestinal Motility and Toxicity of Joannesia princeps . journal of medicinal food, 2016, vol. 19, no. 1, p. 68–72. DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.0071. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

exthanolic extract resuspended in saline solution
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Unit of exposure duration:

single (food/feed) (G203A)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Grams per kilogram body weight (G226A)
Effect concentration:

5
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

in the first 12 h: a reduction of overall activity, piloerection, contortion, decreased respiratory rate, diarrhea, and weight loss in all animals treated with J. princeps.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

In the first 12 h: a reduction of overall activity, piloerection, contortion, decreased respiratory rate, diarrhea, and weight loss in all rats administered the seed extract.