EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Hippomane mancinella L.

Family:: Euphorbiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 37
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: diterpene esters from various parts of the plant #2: Hippomanin A and B in twigs #3: Hippomanin A and B in leaves #4: alkaloid from various parts of the plant #5: Daphnane diterpenoids from latex #6: Tigliane diterpenoids from latex

Endpoint Studies

#1: case reports swollen tongue, salivation following consumption of fruit #2: vomiting, diarrhoea, swelling and pain of the abdomen in dogs 5g of latex #3: mortality in dogs 10g of latex #4: bradycardia following consumption of fruit #5: blistering of the oral mucosa and diarrhoea and a streptococcal superinfection following eating fruit

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Morin, M. Manchineel, a little-known toxic tree. lyon pharmaceutique, 1985, vol. 36, no. 2, p. 97–101. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Substance:

Diterpene esters (RF-00010831-PAR)
Additional substance description:

esters of deoxyphorbol, resiniferonol, and 13-hexadeca-2, 4, 6-trienoic acid
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

diterpene esters from various parts of the plant

Composition #2: Morin, M. Manchineel, a little-known toxic tree. lyon pharmaceutique, 1985, vol. 36, no. 2, p. 97–101. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Substance:

Ellagitannins (hydrolysable tannins) Ellagitannins (hydrolysable tannins) (RF-00004379-PAR)
Additional substance description:

hippomanin A and B
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Hippomanin A and B in twigs

Composition #3: Morin, M. Manchineel, a little-known toxic tree. lyon pharmaceutique, 1985, vol. 36, no. 2, p. 97–101. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Substance:

Ellagitannins (hydrolysable tannins) Ellagitannins (hydrolysable tannins) (RF-00004379-PAR)
Additional substance description:

hippomanin A and B
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Hippomanin A and B in leaves

Composition #4: Morin, M. Manchineel, a little-known toxic tree. lyon pharmaceutique, 1985, vol. 36, no. 2, p. 97–101. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloid from various parts of the plant

Composition #5: ADOLF, W., HECKER, E. ON THE ACTIVE PRINCIPLES OF THE SPURGE FAMILY .10. SKIN IRRITANTS, COCARCINOGENS, AND CRYPTIC COCARCINOGENS FROM THE LATEX OF THE MANCHINEEL TREE . journal of natural products, 1984, vol. 47, no. 3, p. 482–496. DOI: 10.1021/np50033a015. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Trunk (as part-nature) (A166N)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Latex (as part-nature) (A166S)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol preparations of latex
Substance:

daphnane diterpenes (RF-00004330-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

ms, uv, ir
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Daphnane diterpenoids from latex

Composition #6: ADOLF, W., HECKER, E. ON THE ACTIVE PRINCIPLES OF THE SPURGE FAMILY .10. SKIN IRRITANTS, COCARCINOGENS, AND CRYPTIC COCARCINOGENS FROM THE LATEX OF THE MANCHINEEL TREE . journal of natural products, 1984, vol. 47, no. 3, p. 482–496. DOI: 10.1021/np50033a015. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Trunk (as part-nature) (A166N)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Latex (as part-nature) (A166S)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol preparations of latex
Substance:

Diterpenes Diterpenes (RF-00004378-PAR)
Additional substance description:

tigliane diterpenoids
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

ms, uv, ir
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tigliane diterpenoids from latex

Endpoint study #1: Earle, K.V. Toxic effects of Hippomane mancinella. transactions of the royal society of tropical medicine and hygiene, 1938, vol. 32, no. 3, p. 363–370. DOI: 10.1016/S0035-9203(38)90051-3. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Unit of exposure duration:

single (food/feed) (G203A)
Number of organisms dosed:

2
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Tongue (TT028A)
Effect description:

blistered and swollen lips, swollen buccal mucosa, swollen tongue, salivation
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

case reports swollen tongue, salivation following consumption of fruit

Endpoint study #2: Earle, K.V. Toxic effects of Hippomane mancinella. transactions of the royal society of tropical medicine and hygiene, 1938, vol. 32, no. 3, p. 363–370. DOI: 10.1016/S0035-9203(38)90051-3. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Latex (as part-nature) (A166S)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Dog (as animal) (A0CNL)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Unit of exposure duration:

single (food/feed) (G203A)
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Gram (G148A)
Effect concentration:

5
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

vomiting, diarrhoea, swelling and pain of the abdomen
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

vomiting, diarrhoea, swelling and pain of the abdomen in dogs 5g of latex

Endpoint study #3: Earle, K.V. Toxic effects of Hippomane mancinella. transactions of the royal society of tropical medicine and hygiene, 1938, vol. 32, no. 3, p. 363–370. DOI: 10.1016/S0035-9203(38)90051-3. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Latex (as part-nature) (A166S)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Dog (as animal) (A0CNL)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Unit of exposure duration:

single (food/feed) (G203A)
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Gram (G148A)
Effect concentration:

10
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

vomiting, copious bloody stools, rigors, coma and death
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

mortality in dogs 10g of latex

Endpoint study #4: Sparman, A., John, J., Wills, L. Manchineel poisoning bradyarrhythmia: A possible association. west indian medical journal, 2009, vol. 58, no. 1, p. 65–66. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Unit of exposure duration:

single (food/feed) (G203A)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Heart (TT011A)
Effect description:

burning sensation around mounth, dizziness, chest pain, shortness breath, palpitations, headaches, cough, fever, haemoptosis, GIT bleeding, bradycardia
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

bradycardia following consumption of fruit

Endpoint study #5: Bygbjerg, I C., Johansen, H K. Manchincel poisoning complicated by streptococcal pharyngitis and impetigo . . ugeskrift for laeger, 1991, vol. 154, no. 1, p. 27–8. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Unit of exposure duration:

single (food/feed) (G203A)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Piece (G133A)
Effect concentration:

1
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

blistering of the oral mucosa and diarrhoea and a streptococcal superinfection
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

not reported (CHD030BE)
Internal remarks:

blistering of the oral mucosa and diarrhoea and a streptococcal superinfection following eating fruit