EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Hibiscus (roselle) (as plant) // Hibiscus sabdariffa L.

Family:: Malvaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 2451
Number of processed references:: 10

Compositions

#1: Tannins in seed #2: alkaloids in seed #3: anthraquinones in seed #4: cardenolides in seed #5: cardiac glycosides in seed #6: saponins in seed #7: phlobatannins in seed #8: cyanide in leaves #9: oxalates in leaves #10: 1,8-cineol in herbal tea #11: camphor in herbal tea #12: furfural in herbal tea #13: benzaldehyde in herbal tea #14: nonanal in herbal tea

Endpoint Studies

#1: Increased serum prolactin level #2: Effect of fruit extracts on inhibition of a-glucosidase enzyme: Ethyl acetate fraction displayed highest inhibitory for alpha glucosidase activity of 95.79% at the concentration of 50 mg/ml #3: increased activity of liver enzymes, behavioral changes #4: Weight loss of mice after 7-day administration of extract (residual water-soluble fraction) of flower #5: water extract inhibited body weight of male rats #6: adverse effect on male fertility (sperm morphology and testes ultrastructure) in mice #7: Rat alpha-glucosidase inhibition of aqueous extract of flower #8: Pig alpha-amylase inhibition of aqueous extract of flower #9: Reduced body weight in females already at the lowest dose (50 mg/kg bw/day) of water extract of flower

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Gaya, Ibrahim Bako., Abdulhalim Mohammad, Okasha Mohammad., Suleiman, Abubakar Mujtaba., Maje, Mohammad Idris., Adekunle, Adebayo Buraimoh. Toxicological and lactogenic studies on the seeds of Hibiscus sabdariffa linn (malvaceae) extract on serum prolactin levels of albino Wistar rats. internet journal of endocrinology, 2009, vol. 5, no. 2, p. No pp given. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins in seed

Composition #2: Gaya, Ibrahim Bako., Abdulhalim Mohammad, Okasha Mohammad., Suleiman, Abubakar Mujtaba., Maje, Mohammad Idris., Adekunle, Adebayo Buraimoh. Toxicological and lactogenic studies on the seeds of Hibiscus sabdariffa linn (malvaceae) extract on serum prolactin levels of albino Wistar rats. internet journal of endocrinology, 2009, vol. 5, no. 2, p. No pp given. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids in seed

Composition #3: Gaya, Ibrahim Bako., Abdulhalim Mohammad, Okasha Mohammad., Suleiman, Abubakar Mujtaba., Maje, Mohammad Idris., Adekunle, Adebayo Buraimoh. Toxicological and lactogenic studies on the seeds of Hibiscus sabdariffa linn (malvaceae) extract on serum prolactin levels of albino Wistar rats. internet journal of endocrinology, 2009, vol. 5, no. 2, p. No pp given. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

anthraquinones (RF-00004343-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

anthraquinones in seed

Composition #4: Gaya, Ibrahim Bako., Abdulhalim Mohammad, Okasha Mohammad., Suleiman, Abubakar Mujtaba., Maje, Mohammad Idris., Adekunle, Adebayo Buraimoh. Toxicological and lactogenic studies on the seeds of Hibiscus sabdariffa linn (malvaceae) extract on serum prolactin levels of albino Wistar rats. internet journal of endocrinology, 2009, vol. 5, no. 2, p. No pp given. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

cardenolides (RF-00004389-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

cardenolides in seed

Composition #5: Gaya, Ibrahim Bako., Abdulhalim Mohammad, Okasha Mohammad., Suleiman, Abubakar Mujtaba., Maje, Mohammad Idris., Adekunle, Adebayo Buraimoh. Toxicological and lactogenic studies on the seeds of Hibiscus sabdariffa linn (malvaceae) extract on serum prolactin levels of albino Wistar rats. internet journal of endocrinology, 2009, vol. 5, no. 2, p. No pp given. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

cardiac glycosides in seed

Composition #6: Gaya, Ibrahim Bako., Abdulhalim Mohammad, Okasha Mohammad., Suleiman, Abubakar Mujtaba., Maje, Mohammad Idris., Adekunle, Adebayo Buraimoh. Toxicological and lactogenic studies on the seeds of Hibiscus sabdariffa linn (malvaceae) extract on serum prolactin levels of albino Wistar rats. internet journal of endocrinology, 2009, vol. 5, no. 2, p. No pp given. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

saponins in seed

Composition #7: Gaya, Ibrahim Bako., Abdulhalim Mohammad, Okasha Mohammad., Suleiman, Abubakar Mujtaba., Maje, Mohammad Idris., Adekunle, Adebayo Buraimoh. Toxicological and lactogenic studies on the seeds of Hibiscus sabdariffa linn (malvaceae) extract on serum prolactin levels of albino Wistar rats. internet journal of endocrinology, 2009, vol. 5, no. 2, p. No pp given. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

phlobotannins (RF-00011481-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

phlobatannins in seed

Composition #8: Musa, Amanabo., Ogbadoyi, Emmanuel O. Levels of phytotoxins and nutrients in Hibiscus sabdariffa as influenced by freezing storage. british journal of applied science & technology, 2013, vol. 3, no. 4, p. 799–812. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Cyanide (RF-00000021-CHE)
Analytical method - additional description:

alkaline picrate method
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

63.98
Internal remarks:

cyanide in leaves

Composition #9: Musa, Amanabo., Ogbadoyi, Emmanuel O. Levels of phytotoxins and nutrients in Hibiscus sabdariffa as influenced by freezing storage. british journal of applied science & technology, 2013, vol. 3, no. 4, p. 799–812. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Substance:

Oxalates (RF-00004308-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Distillation-titrimetry (modified Monier-William method) (F682A)
Analytical method - additional description:

titrimetric method
Result unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.35
Internal remarks:

oxalates in leaves

Composition #10: CHOi, SUNG HEE. Volatile Aroma Components of Hibiscus Herb Tea. journal of the korean tea society, 2008, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 195–204. .

Language:

English (en)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineol in herbal tea

Composition #11: CHOi, SUNG HEE. Volatile Aroma Components of Hibiscus Herb Tea. journal of the korean tea society, 2008, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 195–204. .

Language:

English (en)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

camphor in herbal tea

Composition #12: CHOi, SUNG HEE. Volatile Aroma Components of Hibiscus Herb Tea. journal of the korean tea society, 2008, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 195–204. .

Language:

English (en)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Furfural (RF-1009-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

furfural in herbal tea

Composition #13: CHOi, SUNG HEE. Volatile Aroma Components of Hibiscus Herb Tea. journal of the korean tea society, 2008, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 195–204. .

Language:

English (en)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Benzaldehyde (RF-00008323-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

benzaldehyde in herbal tea

Composition #14: CHOi, SUNG HEE. Volatile Aroma Components of Hibiscus Herb Tea. journal of the korean tea society, 2008, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 195–204. .

Language:

English (en)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Nonanal (RF-00008505-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

nonanal in herbal tea

Endpoint study #1: Gaya, Ibrahim Bako., Abdulhalim Mohammad, Okasha Mohammad., Suleiman, Abubakar Mujtaba., Maje, Mohammad Idris., Adekunle, Adebayo Buraimoh. Toxicological and lactogenic studies on the seeds of Hibiscus sabdariffa linn (malvaceae) extract on serum prolactin levels of albino Wistar rats. internet journal of endocrinology, 2009, vol. 5, no. 2, p. No pp given. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethanol
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

6.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

5
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

200
Critical effect:

ENDOCRINE (TOX12A)
Effect description:

Increased serum prolactin level
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

Increased serum prolactin level

Endpoint study #2: Shadhan, Raheem Mohssin., Bohari, Siti Pauliena Mohd. Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. fruit extracts on alpha-glucosidase enzyme, glucose diffusion and wound healing activities . asian pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2017, vol. 7, no. 5, p. 466–472. DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.01.023. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

methanol and ethyl acetate
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Tested organism:

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (as organism) (A0CPH)
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/millilitre (G191A)
Effect concentration:

50
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

effect of fruit extracts on on inhibition of a-glucosidase enzyme: ethyl acetate fraction displayed highest inhibitory activity of 95.79% at the concentration of 50 mg/ml as compared to acarbose (98.51%) at the same concentration
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

Effect of fruit extracts on inhibition of a-glucosidase enzyme: Ethyl acetate fraction displayed highest inhibitory for alpha glucosidase activity of 95.79% at the concentration of 50 mg/ml

Endpoint study #3: Akindahunsi, AA., Olaleye, MT. Toxicological investigation of aqueous-methanolic extract of the calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffia L. . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2003, vol. 89, no. 1, p. 161–164. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00276-9. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

Calyces, methanol and water (4:1)
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

250.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Number of organisms dosed:

4
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Day (G134A)
Effect concentration:

15
Critical effect:

Other toxicities (TOX19A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

increased AST (serum aspartate amino transferase), increased ALT (serum alanine amino transferase) and behavioral changes
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

behaviour (CHD001BE)
Internal remarks:

increased activity of liver enzymes, behavioral changes

Endpoint study #4: Fakeye, Titilayo. Toxicity and immunomodulatory activity of fractions of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (family Malvaceae) in animal models . african journal of traditional complementary and alternative medicines, 2008, vol. 5, no. 4, p. 394–398. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

methanol further fractionated to a residual water-soluble fraction
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

7.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

4
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

100
Effect description:

Weight loss (-2%)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

body weight (CHD005BE)
Internal remarks:

Weight loss of mice after 7-day administration of extract (residual water-soluble fraction) of flower

Endpoint study #5: Ali, Badreldin H., Al-Lawati, Intisar., Beegam, Sumyia., Ziada, Amal., Al salam, Suhail., Nemmar, Abderrahim., Blunden, Gerald. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa and its Anthocyanins on some Reproductive Aspects in Rats . natural product communications, 2012, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 41–44. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

distilled water
Type of toxicological test:

subchronic (CHD013TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: DRINKING WATER (OECD2229PL)
Exposure duration:

10.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Week (G205A)
Number of organisms dosed:

6
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

10
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Effect description:

Reduced body weight in males at 10% (lowest dose) and higher doses
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

body weight (CHD005BE)
Internal remarks:

water extract inhibited body weight of male rats

Endpoint study #6: Mahmoud, Yomna Ibrahim. Effect of extract of Hibiscus on the ultrastructure of the testis in adult mice . acta histochemica, 2012, vol. 114, no. 4, p. 342–348. DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2011.07.002. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

Calyces, distilled water
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

Swiss (CHD005ST)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

4.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Week (G205A)
Number of organisms dosed:

10
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

200
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Testes (TT050A)
Effect description:

Dosing resulted in 44-53% abnormal sperm morphology and testicular ultrastructure
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

adverse effect on male fertility (sperm morphology and testes ultrastructure) in mice

Endpoint study #7: Adisakwattana, Sirichai., Ruengsamran, Thanyachanok., Kampa, Patcharaporn., Sompong, Weerachat. In vitro inhibitory effects of plant-based foods and their combinations on intestinal alpha-glucosidase and pancreatic alpha-amylase . bmc complementary and alternative medicine, 2012, vol. 12 . DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-110. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/millilitre (G191A)
Effect concentration:

5
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

Rat alpha-glucosidase inhibition of aqueous extract of flower

Endpoint study #8: Adisakwattana, Sirichai., Ruengsamran, Thanyachanok., Kampa, Patcharaporn., Sompong, Weerachat. In vitro inhibitory effects of plant-based foods and their combinations on intestinal alpha-glucosidase and pancreatic alpha-amylase . bmc complementary and alternative medicine, 2012, vol. 12 . DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-110. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Tested organism:

Pig (as animal) (A057F)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/millilitre (G191A)
Effect concentration:

3.52
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Pancreas (TT024A)
Effect description:

alpha-amylase
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

Pig alpha-amylase inhibition of aqueous extract of flower

Endpoint study #9: Sireeratawong, Seewaboon., Itharat, Arunporn., Khonsung, Parirat., Lertprasertsuke, Nirush., Jaijoy, Kanjana. TOXICITY STUDIES OF THE WATER EXTRACT FROM THE CALYCES OF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA L. IN RATS . african journal of traditional complementary and alternative medicines, 2013, vol. 10, no. 4, p. 122–127. DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v10i4.20. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

Water extract of dried calyces
Type of toxicological test:

chronic/long term toxicity (CHD004TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Sprague-Dawley (CHD012ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Exposure duration:

270.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

50
Critical effect:

Other toxicities (TOX19A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

Reduced body weight in females seen already at the lowest dose from 50 mg/kg bw/day
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

body weight (CHD005BE)
Internal remarks:

Reduced body weight in females already at the lowest dose (50 mg/kg bw/day) of water extract of flower