EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Gynocardia odorata R.Br.

Family:: Achariaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 45
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: hydrogen cyanide in seeds #2: gynocardin in seeds #3: Gynocardin in fresh seeds #4: alkaloids in leaves #5: diterpene lactones (odolide iso-odolide and hydroxy odolide) in roots

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Greshoff, Maurits. Amount of hydrogen cyanide in the seeds of gynocardia odorata. pharm. weekbl., 42, 102-5, None, vol. . Weekbl. 42, p. 102–5. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional extraction description:

pressing to obtain the oil
Substance:

Hydrogen cyanide (cyanides expressed as hydrogen cyanide) (RF-0243-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.92
Internal remarks:

hydrogen cyanide in seeds

Composition #2: Power, Frederick B. The botanical source, physical characters, and chemical constituents of chaulmoogra oil. american journal of pharmacy (1835-1936), 1915, vol. 87, p. 493–500. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional extraction description:

oil
Substance:

gynocardin (RF-00003850-PAR)
Additional substance description:

cyanogenetic glucoside
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

gynocardin in seeds

Composition #3: Coburn, Robert A., Long, Louis, Jr. Gynocardin. journal of organic chemistry, 1966, vol. 31, no. 12, p. 4312–15. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanolic extraction
Substance:

gynocardin (RF-00003850-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

elution column chromatography on silica gel
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

6.8
Internal remarks:

Gynocardin in fresh seeds

Composition #4: Jagan, Mohan. C., Deepa, L., Ubaidulla, U., Ganesh, N. In vitro antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Gynocardia odorata Roxb. leaf. international journal of research in pharmaceutical and nano sciences, 2013, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 351–357. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol 99.9%
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids in leaves

Composition #5: PRADHAN, BP., CHAKRABORTY, S., GHOSH, RK., ROY, A. DITERPENOID LACTONES FROM THE ROOTS OF GYNOCARDIA-ODORATA. phytochemistry, 1995, vol. 39, no. 6, p. 1399–1402. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(95)00105-G. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

benzene
Substance:

diterpene lactones (RF-00004306-PAR)
Additional substance description:

odolide, iso-odolide and hydroxy odolide
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

column silica gel and NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

diterpene lactones (odolide iso-odolide and hydroxy odolide) in roots