EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Guaiacum officinale L.

Family:: Zygophyllaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 127
Number of processed references:: 8

Compositions

#1: Lignans (Ramonanin A-D) in heartwood #2: Meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid in wood #3: Guaiacin in wood #4: Isoguaiacin in wood #5: Guaiaretic acid in wood #6: furoquaiacins in wood #7: Guaiacin A and B in leaves #8: Guaianin O in flowers #9: Guaianin P (a triterpene saponin) in bark #10: Pentacyclic triterpene saponins in bark #11: guaianins F & G (saponins) in fruit #12: Pentacyclic triterpene saponins in fruit (pericarp)

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Chavez, Kathryn J., Feng, Xiaohong., Flanders, James A., Rodriguez, Eloy., Schroeder, Frank C. Spirocyclic Lignans from Guaiacum (Zygophyllaceae) Induce Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines. journal of natural products, 2011, vol. 74, no. 5, p. 1293–1297. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Wood (as part-nature) (A166P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

extracted with chloroform followed by methanol
Substance:

lignans (RF-00004361-PAR)
Additional substance description:

ramonanins A-D
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also, NMR and MS
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Lignans (Ramonanin A-D) in heartwood

Composition #2: King, F.E., Wilson, J.G. The chemistry of extractives from hardwoods. Part XXXVI. The lignans of guaiacum officinale L. journal of the chemical society (resumed), 1964, p. 4008–4011. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Wood (as part-nature) (A166P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum
Substance:

meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (RF-00003488-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid in wood

Composition #3: King, F.E., Wilson, J.G. The chemistry of extractives from hardwoods. Part XXXVI. The lignans of guaiacum officinale L. journal of the chemical society (resumed), 1964, p. 4008–4011. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Wood (as part-nature) (A166P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum
Substance:

guaiacin (RF-00003412-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Guaiacin in wood

Composition #4: King, F.E., Wilson, J.G. The chemistry of extractives from hardwoods. Part XXXVI. The lignans of guaiacum officinale L. journal of the chemical society (resumed), 1964, p. 4008–4011. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Wood (as part-nature) (A166P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum
Substance:

isoguaiacin (RF-00003445-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Isoguaiacin in wood

Composition #5: King, F.E., Wilson, J.G. The chemistry of extractives from hardwoods. Part XXXVI. The lignans of guaiacum officinale L. journal of the chemical society (resumed), 1964, p. 4008–4011. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Wood (as part-nature) (A166P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum
Substance:

(-)-guaiaretic acid (RF-00003413-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Guaiaretic acid in wood

Composition #6: King, F.E., Wilson, J.G. The chemistry of extractives from hardwoods. Part XXXVI. The lignans of guaiacum officinale L. journal of the chemical society (resumed), 1964, p. 4008–4011. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Wood (as part-nature) (A166P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

sawdust extracted with boiling light petroleum
Substance:

alpha-guaiaconic acid (RF-00004138-PAR)
Additional substance description:

furoquaiacin
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

furoquaiacins in wood

Composition #7: Ahmad, V U., Perveen, S., Bano, S. Guaiacin A and B from the Leaves of Guaiacum officinale.. planta medica, 1989, vol. 55, no. 3, p. 307–8. DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-962014. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

guaiacin (RF-00003412-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Guaiacin A & B
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also FAB Mass spec
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Guaiacin A and B in leaves

Composition #8: Saba, Nikhat., Ahmad, Viqar Uddin., Ali, Zulfiqar., Khan, Khalid Mohammed. Separation and identification of anew saponin from the flowers of Guaiacum officinale L. . natural product research, 2010, vol. 24, no. 20, p. 1877–1882. DOI: 10.1080/14786410902884693. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

BuOH
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Guaianin O
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: NMR and negative FAB Mass spec
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Guaianin O in flowers

Composition #9: Saba, Nikhat., Khatoon, Rasheeda., Ali, Zulfiqar., Ahmad, Viqar Uddin. A New Bidesmoside Saponin from the Bark of Guaiacum officinale. journal of the chemical society of pakistan, 2012, vol. 34, no. 2, p. 448–450. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol, then butanol
Substance:

Triterpene saponins Triterpene saponins (RF-00004338-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Guaianin P
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: HPLC and FAD-MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Guaianin P (a triterpene saponin) in bark

Composition #10: AHMAD, VU., BANO, N., BANO, S. SAPOGENINS FROM GUAIACUM-OFFICINALE. phytochemistry, 1984, vol. 23, no. 11, p. 2613–2616. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84110-2. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

pentacyclic triterpene saponins (RF-00004334-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Oleanolic acid and related compound: larreagenin A
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: NMR, UV spec, Mass spec
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Pentacyclic triterpene saponins in bark

Composition #11: AHMAD, VU., UDDIN, S., BANO, S., FATIMA, I. 2 SAPONINS FROM FRUITS OF GUAIACUM-OFFICINALE. phytochemistry, 1989, vol. 28, no. 8, p. 2169–2171. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97937-8. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Guaianin F and Guaianin G
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also NMR and FAD Mass Spec
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

guaianins F & G (saponins) in fruit

Composition #12: Alves, TMD., Nagem, TJ., Ribeiro, A., Mendes, NM., Gomez, JD., Zani, CL., Hamburger, M., Hostettmann, K. Molluscicidal saponins from Guaiacum officinale (Zygophyllaceae). international journal of pharmacognosy, 1996, vol. 34, no. 2, p. 81–86. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

pericarp of fruit extracted with methanol
Substance:

pentacyclic triterpene saponins (RF-00004334-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Guaianins B, C, D
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also, TLC separation and FAD-MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Pentacyclic triterpene saponins in fruit (pericarp)