Draft - work in progress
-
- Gmelina arborea Roxb.
Gmelina arborea Roxb.
- Family:
- Lamiaceae
- Approval state:
- Approved
- Number of articles retrieved:
- 1115
- Number of processed references:
- 7
Composition #1: Offor, C. E. Phytochemical and proximate analyses of dry Gmelina arborea leaves. international journal of current research and academic review, 2014, vol. 2, no. 12, p. 101–105. .
-
-
Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
-
Additional extraction description:
Unspecified
-
Substance:
Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
-
Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
-
Result unit:
Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
3.85
-
Internal remarks:
Saponins (leaves)
Composition #2: Offor, C. E. Phytochemical and proximate analyses of dry Gmelina arborea leaves. international journal of current research and academic review, 2014, vol. 2, no. 12, p. 101–105. .
-
-
Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
-
Additional extraction description:
Unspecified
-
Substance:
Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
-
Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
-
Result unit:
Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
0.06
-
Internal remarks:
Alkaloids (leaves)
Composition #3: Acharya, N.S., Acharya, S.R., Shah, M.B., Santani, D.D. Development of pharmacognostical parameters and estimation of β-sitosterol using HPTLC in roots of Gmelina arborea roxb. pharmacognosy journal, 2012, vol. 4, no. 30, p. 1–9. DOI: 10.5530/pj.2012.30.1.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
methanol, ethyl acetate
-
Substance:
lignans (RF-00004361-PAR)
-
Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
-
Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
-
Internal remarks:
Lignans (root)
Composition #4: Acharya, N.S., Acharya, S.R., Shah, M.B., Santani, D.D. Development of pharmacognostical parameters and estimation of β-sitosterol using HPTLC in roots of Gmelina arborea roxb. pharmacognosy journal, 2012, vol. 4, no. 30, p. 1–9. DOI: 10.5530/pj.2012.30.1.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
chloroform or petroleum ether
-
Substance:
coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
-
Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
-
Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
-
Internal remarks:
Coumarins (root)
Composition #5: Acharya, N.S., Acharya, S.R., Shah, M.B., Santani, D.D. Development of pharmacognostical parameters and estimation of β-sitosterol using HPTLC in roots of Gmelina arborea roxb. pharmacognosy journal, 2012, vol. 4, no. 30, p. 1–9. DOI: 10.5530/pj.2012.30.1.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
chloroform, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether
-
Substance:
sterols, total sterols, total (RF-00000402-NTR)
-
Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
-
Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
-
Internal remarks:
Sterols (root)
Composition #6: Acharya, N.S., Acharya, S.R., Shah, M.B., Santani, D.D. Development of pharmacognostical parameters and estimation of β-sitosterol using HPTLC in roots of Gmelina arborea roxb. pharmacognosy journal, 2012, vol. 4, no. 30, p. 1–9. DOI: 10.5530/pj.2012.30.1.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
methanol, water, ethyl acetate
-
Substance:
Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
-
Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
-
Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
-
Internal remarks:
Tannins (root)
Composition #7: Acharya, N.S., Acharya, S.R., Shah, M.B., Santani, D.D. Development of pharmacognostical parameters and estimation of β-sitosterol using HPTLC in roots of Gmelina arborea roxb. pharmacognosy journal, 2012, vol. 4, no. 30, p. 1–9. DOI: 10.5530/pj.2012.30.1.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
chloroform or methanol
-
Substance:
Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
-
Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
-
Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
-
Internal remarks:
Alkaloids (root)
Composition #8: Shafaq, S.S., Jirge, S., Latisha, A.K., Tatke, P., Bhat, C., Naharwar, V.N. Standardization of herbal extracts of Gmelina arborea using umbelliferone by HPTLC. medicinal plants, 2011, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 173–175. DOI: 10.5958/j.0975-4261.3.2.029.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
Hydroalcoholic and aqueous extract
-
Substance:
umbelliferone (RF-00004096-PAR)
-
Analytical method code:
Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
-
Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
0.067-0.092
-
Internal remarks:
Umbelliferone (stem bark)
Composition #9: Nkafamiya, I. I., Modibbo, U. U., Manji, A. J., Haggai, D. Nutrient content of seeds of some wild plants. african journal of biotechnology, 2007, vol. 6, no. 14, p. 1665–1669. .
-
-
Plant part:
Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
-
Substance:
Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
-
Analytical method code:
Unspecified (F598A)
-
Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
6.98
-
Internal remarks:
Saponin (seed)
Composition #10: Nkafamiya, I. I., Modibbo, U. U., Manji, A. J., Haggai, D. Nutrient content of seeds of some wild plants. african journal of biotechnology, 2007, vol. 6, no. 14, p. 1665–1669. .
-
-
Plant part:
Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
-
Substance:
Cyanogenic glycosides (RF-00004375-PAR)
-
Analytical method code:
Unspecified (F598A)
-
Result unit:
Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
3.75
-
Internal remarks:
Cyanogenic glycosides (seed)
Composition #11: Nkafamiya, I. I., Modibbo, U. U., Manji, A. J., Haggai, D. Nutrient content of seeds of some wild plants. african journal of biotechnology, 2007, vol. 6, no. 14, p. 1665–1669. .
-
-
Plant part:
Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
-
Substance:
Oxalates (RF-00004308-PAR)
-
Analytical method code:
Unspecified (F598A)
-
Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
9.16
-
Internal remarks:
Oxalate (seed)
Composition #12: Anthony, Ogbonnaya Enyinnaya., Mbuh, Awah Francis., Emmanuel, Mounmbegna Philippe. Phytochemical screening, and assessment of ameliorating effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Gmelina arborea on drug induced hepatic and renal insufficiency in rats . pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2012, vol. 25, no. 2, p. 457–461. .
-
-
Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
ethanol
-
Substance:
Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
-
Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
-
Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
-
Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
8.81-8.95
-
Internal remarks:
Saponins (leaves)
Composition #13: Anthony, Ogbonnaya Enyinnaya., Mbuh, Awah Francis., Emmanuel, Mounmbegna Philippe. Phytochemical screening, and assessment of ameliorating effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Gmelina arborea on drug induced hepatic and renal insufficiency in rats . pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2012, vol. 25, no. 2, p. 457–461. .
-
-
Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
ethanol
-
Substance:
phytic acid (RF-00000363-NTR)
-
Additional substance description:
phytate
-
Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
-
Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
-
Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
0.23-0.69
-
Internal remarks:
Phytate (leaves)
Composition #14: Anthony, Ogbonnaya Enyinnaya., Mbuh, Awah Francis., Emmanuel, Mounmbegna Philippe. Phytochemical screening, and assessment of ameliorating effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Gmelina arborea on drug induced hepatic and renal insufficiency in rats . pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2012, vol. 25, no. 2, p. 457–461. .
-
-
Plant part:
Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
ethanol
-
Substance:
Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
-
Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
-
Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
-
Internal remarks:
Alkaloids (stem bark)
Composition #15: Anthony, Ogbonnaya Enyinnaya., Mbuh, Awah Francis., Emmanuel, Mounmbegna Philippe. Phytochemical screening, and assessment of ameliorating effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Gmelina arborea on drug induced hepatic and renal insufficiency in rats . pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2012, vol. 25, no. 2, p. 457–461. .
-
-
Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
ethanol
-
Substance:
Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
-
Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
-
Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
-
Internal remarks:
Alkaloids (leaves)
Composition #16: Anthony, Ogbonnaya Enyinnaya., Mbuh, Awah Francis., Emmanuel, Mounmbegna Philippe. Phytochemical screening, and assessment of ameliorating effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Gmelina arborea on drug induced hepatic and renal insufficiency in rats . pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2012, vol. 25, no. 2, p. 457–461. .
-
-
Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
ethanol
-
Substance:
Cyanogenic glycosides (RF-00004375-PAR)
-
Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
-
Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
-
Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
0.53-0.54
-
Internal remarks:
Cyanogenic glycosides (leaves)
Composition #17: Anthony, Ogbonnaya Enyinnaya., Mbuh, Awah Francis., Emmanuel, Mounmbegna Philippe. Phytochemical screening, and assessment of ameliorating effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Gmelina arborea on drug induced hepatic and renal insufficiency in rats . pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2012, vol. 25, no. 2, p. 457–461. .
-
-
Plant part:
Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
ethanol
-
Substance:
Cyanogenic glycosides (RF-00004375-PAR)
-
Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
-
Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
-
Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
0.57-1.10
-
Internal remarks:
Cyanogenic glycosides (stem bark)
Composition #18: Anthony, Ogbonnaya Enyinnaya., Mbuh, Awah Francis., Emmanuel, Mounmbegna Philippe. Phytochemical screening, and assessment of ameliorating effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Gmelina arborea on drug induced hepatic and renal insufficiency in rats . pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2012, vol. 25, no. 2, p. 457–461. .
-
-
Plant part:
Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
ethanol
-
Substance:
Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
-
Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
-
Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
-
Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
14.90-19.73
-
Internal remarks:
Saponins (stem bark)
Composition #19: Anthony, Ogbonnaya Enyinnaya., Mbuh, Awah Francis., Emmanuel, Mounmbegna Philippe. Phytochemical screening, and assessment of ameliorating effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Gmelina arborea on drug induced hepatic and renal insufficiency in rats . pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2012, vol. 25, no. 2, p. 457–461. .
-
-
Plant part:
Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
ethanol
-
Substance:
phytic acid (RF-00000363-NTR)
-
Additional substance description:
phytate
-
Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
-
Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
-
Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
0.23-0.42
-
Internal remarks:
Phytate (stem bark)
Endpoint study
#1: Offor, C. E., Ibiam, U. A., Ugwu., Okechukwu, P. C., Nwankwo, H. The effect of ethanol leaf-extract of Gmelina arborea on liver enzymes. european journal of biological sciences, 2015, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 38–40. .
-
Study relevance:
Human health
-
Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
-
Preparation/Extraction method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional plant/substance description:
ethanol
-
Type of toxicological test:
short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
-
Tested organism:
Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
-
-
Route of exposure:
ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
-
-
Unit of exposure duration:
Day (G134A)
-
Number of organisms dosed:
5
-
Control groups used:
yes, concurrent no treatment
-
Endpoint measured:
Dose level (CHD014EP)
-
Concentration unit:
Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
-
Effect concentration:
400-1200
-
Critical effect:
HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
-
Target tissue:
digestive: Liver (TT023A)
-
Effect description:
Dose-dependent increased levels of liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) and alkaline phosphatase in serum of rats
-
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
other (CHD003BE)
-
Internal remarks:
Ethanol leaf-extract increased the levels of liver enzymes (aspartate
aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) and alkaline phosphatase dose-dependently in serum of p.o. dosed for 14 days
Genotox #1: Sahu, Rohit., Divakar, Goli., Divakar, Kalyani. In vivo rodent micronucleus assay of gmelina arborea roxb (gambhari) extract. . journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & research, 2010, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 22–9. .
-
Study category:
Genotoxicity
-
Type of toxicological test:
micronucleus assay (CHD051TT)
-
-
Guideline used:
According to
-
Tested organism:
House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
-
Strain of test organism:
Swiss (CHD005ST)
-
-
Exogenous metabolic activation applied:
no data
-
Route of exposure:
ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
-
Exposure duration for in vivo:
72.0
-
Unit of exposure duration:
Hour (G099A)
-
Number of organisms dosed:
6
-
-
Endpoint measured:
DNA damage and/or repair
-
-
Remarks on genotox study:
An aqueous extract of leaves in a dose of 286 mg/kg b.w. increased the percentage of micronucleated cells in bone marrow of mice.
-
Internal remarks:
An aqueous extract of leaves in a dose of 286 mg/kg b.w. increased the percentage of micronucleated cells in bone marrow of mice.
-
Internal ID:
MEDLINE:22247828