EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) J.St.-Hil.

Family:: Gelsemiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 239
Number of processed references:: 3

Compositions

#1: more than 20 alkaloids ( e.g. gelsemine, sempervirine, gelsemicine, scopolamine) #2: gelsemine in aerial parts #3: sempervirine in aerial parts #4: scopoletin in aerial parts #5: coumarins in aerial parts #6: indole alkaloids (19-(R)- hydroxydihydrogelsevirine, 19-(R)-acetyldihydrogelsevirine, 19-(R)-hydroxydihydrogelsemine, 19-(S)-hydroxydihydrogelsevirine, gelsevirine and gelsemine), whole plant

Endpoint Studies

#1: death, neurotoxicity in goats

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Dutt, V., Thakur, S., Dhar, V J., Sharma, A. The genus Gelsemium: An update.. pharmacognosy reviews, 2010, vol. 4, no. 8, p. 185–94. DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.70916. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

more than 20 alkaloids, e.g. gelsemine, sempervirine, gelsemicine, scopolamine
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

more than 20 alkaloids ( e.g. gelsemine, sempervirine, gelsemicine, scopolamine)

Composition #2: Zhang, Zhizhen., Wang, Ping., Yuan, Wei., Li, Shiyou. Steroids, Alkaloids, and Coumarins from Gelsemium sempervirens. planta medica, 2008, vol. 74, no. 15, p. 1818–1822. DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088327. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol 95%
Substance:

gelsemine (RF-00003406-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR, HPLC - uv/vis, column chromatography
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

gelsemine in aerial parts

Composition #3: Zhang, Zhizhen., Wang, Ping., Yuan, Wei., Li, Shiyou. Steroids, Alkaloids, and Coumarins from Gelsemium sempervirens. planta medica, 2008, vol. 74, no. 15, p. 1818–1822. DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088327. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol 95%
Substance:

sempervirin (RF-00003576-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR, HPLC - uv/vis, column chromatography
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

sempervirine in aerial parts

Composition #4: Zhang, Zhizhen., Wang, Ping., Yuan, Wei., Li, Shiyou. Steroids, Alkaloids, and Coumarins from Gelsemium sempervirens. planta medica, 2008, vol. 74, no. 15, p. 1818–1822. DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088327. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol 95%
Substance:

scopoletin (RF-00004048-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR, HPLC - uv/vis, column chromatography
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

scopoletin in aerial parts

Composition #5: Zhang, Zhizhen., Wang, Ping., Yuan, Wei., Li, Shiyou. Steroids, Alkaloids, and Coumarins from Gelsemium sempervirens. planta medica, 2008, vol. 74, no. 15, p. 1818–1822. DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088327. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol 95%
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Additional substance description:

7-O-β-D-glucopyranosylscopoletin, 7-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl- (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosylscopoletin
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR, HPLC - uv/vis, column chromatography
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

coumarins in aerial parts

Composition #6: LIN, LZ., YEH, S., CORDELL, GA., NI, CZ., CLARDY, J. 3 OXINDOLE ALKALOIDS FROM GELSEMIUM SPECIES. phytochemistry, 1991, vol. 30, no. 2, p. 679–683. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

indole alkaloids (RF-00004503-PAR)
Additional substance description:

19-(R)- hydroxydihydrogelsevirine, 19-(R)-acetyldihydrogelsevirine, 19-(R)-hydroxydihydrogelsemine, 19-(S)-hydroxydihydrogelsevirine, gelsevirine and gelsemine
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR,UV,IR,MS, melting point
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

indole alkaloids (19-(R)- hydroxydihydrogelsevirine, 19-(R)-acetyldihydrogelsevirine, 19-(R)-hydroxydihydrogelsemine, 19-(S)-hydroxydihydrogelsevirine, gelsevirine and gelsemine), whole plant

Endpoint study #1: Dutt, V., Thakur, S., Dhar, V J., Sharma, A. The genus Gelsemium: An update.. pharmacognosy reviews, 2010, vol. 4, no. 8, p. 185–94. DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.70916. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Goat (as animal) (A057P)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

24.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Hour (G099A)
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

marked progressive weakness, convulsion, death
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

death, neurotoxicity in goats