Draft - work in progress
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- Wintergreen (as plant) // Gaultheria procumbens L.
Wintergreen (as plant) // Gaultheria procumbens L.
- Family:
- Ericaceae
- Approval state:
- Approved
- Number of articles retrieved:
- 190
- Number of processed references:
- 4
Composition #1: Ibrahim, R. K., Towers, G. H. N. Identification, by chromatography, of plant phenolic acids. archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 1960, vol. 87, p. 125–8. .
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Plant part:
Unspecified (A07XD)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
"leaves or whole plants", "boiling 80% ethanol"
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Substance:
Salicylates (RF-00004331-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
salicylic acid and gentisic acid (both salicylates)
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Analytical method code:
Chromatographic tests (F015A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Salicylates (salicylic acid and gentisic acid) in leaves/whole plants
Composition #2: Ibrahim, R. K., Towers, G. H. N. Identification, by chromatography, of plant phenolic acids. archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 1960, vol. 87, p. 125–8. .
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Plant part:
Unspecified (A07XD)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
"leaves or whole plants", "boiling 80% ethanol"
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Substance:
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (RF-00008325-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
p-hydroxybenzoic acid
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Analytical method code:
Chromatographic tests (F015A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
p-hydroxybenzoic acid in leaves/whole plants
Composition #3: Ibrahim, R. K., Towers, G. H. N. Identification, by chromatography, of plant phenolic acids. archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 1960, vol. 87, p. 125–8. .
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Plant part:
Unspecified (A07XD)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
"leaves or whole plants", "boiling 80% ethanol"
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Substance:
3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (RF-00008853-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
"Protacatechuic acid", also "o-pyrocatechuic acid"
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Analytical method code:
Chromatographic tests (F015A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Protocatechuic acid (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid), o-pryocatechuic acid (2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid) in leaves/whole plants
Composition #4: Ibrahim, R. K., Towers, G. H. N. Identification, by chromatography, of plant phenolic acids. archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 1960, vol. 87, p. 125–8. .
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Plant part:
Unspecified (A07XD)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
"leaves or whole plants", "boiling 80% ethanol"
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Substance:
p-coumaric acid (RF-00010717-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Chromatographic tests (F015A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
p-coumaric acid in leaves/whole plants
Composition #5: Ibrahim, R. K., Towers, G. H. N. Identification, by chromatography, of plant phenolic acids. archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 1960, vol. 87, p. 125–8. .
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Plant part:
Unspecified (A07XD)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
"leaves or whole plants", "boiling 80% ethanol"
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Substance:
gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
"Syringic acid," which is a 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid
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Analytical method code:
Chromatographic tests (F015A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Syringic acid, a gallic acid derivative, in leaves/whole plants
Composition #6: Ribnicky, D.M., Poulev, A., Raskin, I. The determination of salicylates in Gaultheria procumbens for use as a natural aspirin alternative. journal of nutraceuticals, functional and medical foods, 2003, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 39–52. DOI: 10.1300/J133v04n01_05.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
50% isopropanol/100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7
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Substance:
Salicylates (RF-00004331-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
"total salicylate"
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Analytical method code:
GC-MS (F046A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
selected ion monitoring GC-MS
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result expression:
Whole weight (B001A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
6.425
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Internal remarks:
total salicylates in flowers, quantified
Composition #7: Ribnicky, D.M., Poulev, A., Raskin, I. The determination of salicylates in Gaultheria procumbens for use as a natural aspirin alternative. journal of nutraceuticals, functional and medical foods, 2003, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 39–52. DOI: 10.1300/J133v04n01_05.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Berries: 50% isopropanol/100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7
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Substance:
Salicylates (RF-00004331-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
"total salicylate"
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Analytical method code:
GC-MS (F046A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
selected ion monitoring GC-MS
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result expression:
Whole weight (B001A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
1.491
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Internal remarks:
total salicylates in fruit, quantified
Composition #8: Ribnicky, D.M., Poulev, A., Raskin, I. The determination of salicylates in Gaultheria procumbens for use as a natural aspirin alternative. journal of nutraceuticals, functional and medical foods, 2003, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 39–52. DOI: 10.1300/J133v04n01_05.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
50% isopropanol/100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7
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Substance:
Salicylates (RF-00004331-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
"total salicylate"
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Analytical method code:
GC-MS (F046A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
selected ion monitoring GC-MS
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result expression:
Whole weight (B001A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
3.832
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Internal remarks:
Total salicylates in leaves, quantified
Composition #9: Ribnicky, D.M., Poulev, A., Raskin, I. The determination of salicylates in Gaultheria procumbens for use as a natural aspirin alternative. journal of nutraceuticals, functional and medical foods, 2003, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 39–52. DOI: 10.1300/J133v04n01_05.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
50% isopropanol/100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7
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Substance:
Salicylates (RF-00004331-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
"total salicylate"
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Analytical method code:
GC-MS (F046A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
selected ion monitoring GC-MS
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result expression:
Whole weight (B001A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
2.277
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Internal remarks:
Total salicylates in stems, quantified
Composition #10: Saleem, A., Harris, C.S., Asim, M., Cuerrier, A., Martineau, L., Haddad, P.S., Arnason, J.T. A RP-HPLC-DAD-APCI/MSD method for the characterisation of medicinal Ericaceae used by the Eeyou Istchee Cree First Nations. phytochemical analysis, 2010, vol. 21, no. 4, p. 328–339. DOI: 10.1002/pca.1203.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
extracted three times with 75 mL 80% ethanol
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Substance:
p-coumaric acid (RF-00010717-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
HPLC-DAD (F587A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
HPLC-DAD-APCI/MSD
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
p-coumaric acid in leaves
Composition #11: Saleem, A., Harris, C.S., Asim, M., Cuerrier, A., Martineau, L., Haddad, P.S., Arnason, J.T. A RP-HPLC-DAD-APCI/MSD method for the characterisation of medicinal Ericaceae used by the Eeyou Istchee Cree First Nations. phytochemical analysis, 2010, vol. 21, no. 4, p. 328–339. DOI: 10.1002/pca.1203.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
extracted three times with 75 mL 80% ethanol
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Substance:
Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) (RF-00004370-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
Procyanidin A2 and Procyanidin B2
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Analytical method code:
HPLC-DAD (F587A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
HPLC-DAD-APCI/MSD
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Proanthocyanidins (procyanidins A2 and B2) in leaves
Composition #12: Kiran, S., Prakash, Bhanu. Assessment of Toxicity, Antifeedant Activity, and Biochemical Responses in Stored-Grain Insects Exposed to Lethal and Sublethal Doses of Gaultheria procumbens L. Essential Oil . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2015, vol. 63, no. 48, p. 10518–10524. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03797.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
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Additional extraction description:
Hydrodistillation
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Substance:
methyl salicylate (RF-00003930-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
GC-MS (F046A)
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Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
96.61
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Internal remarks:
Methyl salicylate in essential oil of leaves