EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Sweet woodruff (as plant) // Asperula odorata L. // Galium odoratum (L.) Scop.

Family:: Rubiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 266
Number of processed references:: 6

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Burnett, Alan R., Thomson, Ronald H. Naturally occurring quinones. XIII. Anthraquinones and related naphthalenic compounds in Galium species and in Asperula odorata. journal of the chemical society [section] c: organic, 1968, vol. (7), p. 854–7. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum ether
Substance:

lucidin (RF-00003909-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

IR, melting point, UV, refraction index
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Lucidin in roots

Composition #2: Burnett, Alan R., Thomson, Ronald H. Naturally occurring quinones. XIII. Anthraquinones and related naphthalenic compounds in Galium species and in Asperula odorata. journal of the chemical society [section] c: organic, 1968, vol. (7), p. 854–7. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum ether
Substance:

anthraquinones (RF-00004343-PAR)
Additional substance description:

2-hydroxyanthraquinone, 2-methoxyanthraquinone, 1-methoxy-2-methylanthraquinone, alizarin, alizarin 1-methyl ether, alizarin 2-methyl ether, xanthopurpurin, purpurin, pseudopurpurin
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

IR, melting point, UV, refraction index
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Anthraquinones in roots

Composition #3: Burnett, Alan R., Thomson, Ronald H. Naturally occurring quinones. XIII. Anthraquinones and related naphthalenic compounds in Galium species and in Asperula odorata. journal of the chemical society [section] c: organic, 1968, vol. (7), p. 854–7. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum ether
Substance:

Naphthalene derivatives (RF-00010833-PAR)
Additional substance description:

4-methoxy-1-naphthol, 1-naphthyl-isopentyl ether
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

IR, melting point, UV, refraction index
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Naphthalene derivatives in roots

Composition #4: Burnett, Alan R., Thomson, Ronald H. Naturally occurring quinones. XIII. Anthraquinones and related naphthalenic compounds in Galium species and in Asperula odorata. journal of the chemical society [section] c: organic, 1968, vol. (7), p. 854–7. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80 g green parts, macerated in acetone
Substance:

p-coumaric acid (RF-00010717-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

IR, melting point, UV, refraction index
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Reconstituted product (B007A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

6.3
Internal remarks:

p-coumaric acid in aerial parts

Composition #5: Burnett, Alan R., Thomson, Ronald H. Naturally occurring quinones. XIII. Anthraquinones and related naphthalenic compounds in Galium species and in Asperula odorata. journal of the chemical society [section] c: organic, 1968, vol. (7), p. 854–7. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleumn ether
Substance:

rubiadin (RF-00010975-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

IR, melting point, UV, refraction index
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Rubiadin in roots

Composition #6: Burnett, Alan R., Thomson, Ronald H. Naturally occurring quinones. XIII. Anthraquinones and related naphthalenic compounds in Galium species and in Asperula odorata. journal of the chemical society [section] c: organic, 1968, vol. (7), p. 854–7. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80 g green parts, macerated in acetone
Substance:

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (RF-00008325-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

IR, melting point, UV, refraction index
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Reconstituted product (B007A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

17.5
Internal remarks:

p-hydroxybenzoic acid in aerial parts

Composition #7: Burnett, Alan R., Thomson, Ronald H. Naturally occurring quinones. XIII. Anthraquinones and related naphthalenic compounds in Galium species and in Asperula odorata. journal of the chemical society [section] c: organic, 1968, vol. (7), p. 854–7. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80 g green parts, macerated in acetone
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

IR, melting point, UV, refraction index
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Reconstituted product (B007A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

6.5
Internal remarks:

gallic acid in aerial parts

Composition #8: Nardin, Tiziana., Piasentier, Edi., Barnaba, Chiara., Larcher, Roberto. Alkaloid profiling of herbal drugs using high resolution mass spectrometry. drug testing and analysis, 2017, p. Ahead of Print. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

H2O/ MeOH/FA; 49.5:49.5:1 v/v/v
Substance:

indole alkaloids (RF-00004503-PAR)
Additional substance description:

2 indole alkaloids
Analytical method code:

LC-orbitrap-MS (F333A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Automatic online SPE clean-up followed by hybrid quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Indole alkaloids in aerial parts

Composition #9: Nardin, Tiziana., Piasentier, Edi., Barnaba, Chiara., Larcher, Roberto. Alkaloid profiling of herbal drugs using high resolution mass spectrometry. drug testing and analysis, 2017, p. Ahead of Print. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

H2O/ MeOH/FA; 49.5:49.5:1 v/v/v
Substance:

Quinoline alkaloids (RF-00004326-PAR)
Additional substance description:

1 quinoline alkaloid
Analytical method code:

LC-orbitrap-MS (F333A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Automatic online SPE clean-up followed by hybrid quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Quinoline alkaloid in aerial parts

Composition #10: Nardin, Tiziana., Piasentier, Edi., Barnaba, Chiara., Larcher, Roberto. Alkaloid profiling of herbal drugs using high resolution mass spectrometry. drug testing and analysis, 2017, p. Ahead of Print. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

H2O/ MeOH/FA; 49.5:49.5:1 v/v/v
Substance:

Quinolizidine alkaloids (RF-00004327-PAR)
Additional substance description:

1 quinolizidine alkaloid
Analytical method code:

LC-orbitrap-MS (F333A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Automatic online SPE clean-up followed by hybrid quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Quinolizidine alkaloid in aerial parts

Composition #11: Nardin, Tiziana., Piasentier, Edi., Barnaba, Chiara., Larcher, Roberto. Alkaloid profiling of herbal drugs using high resolution mass spectrometry. drug testing and analysis, 2017, p. Ahead of Print. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

H2O/ MeOH/FA; 49.5:49.5:1 v/v/v
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

1 pyrrolidine alkaloid and 1 terpenoid alkaloid
Analytical method code:

LC-orbitrap-MS (F333A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Automatic online SPE clean-up followed by hybrid quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Pyrrolidine and terpenoid alkaloids in aerial parts

Composition #12: Baser, KHC., Ozek, T., Kirimer, N., Deliorman, D., Ergun, F. Composition of the essential oils of Galium aparine L. and Gallium odoratum (L.) Scop. from Turkey . journal of essential oil research, 2004, vol. 16, no. 4, p. 305–307. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Hydrodistillation
Substance:

iso-pinocamphone (RF-00003875-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.0
Internal remarks:

Isopinocamphone in essential oil of aerial parts

Composition #13: Rychlik, Michael. Quantification of free coumarin and its liberation from glucosylated precursors by stable isotope dilution assays based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric detection . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2008, vol. 56, no. 3, p. 796–801. DOI: 10.1021/jf0728348. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80% methanol, and for highest result also hydrolysis with glucosidase treatment
Substance:

Coumarin (RF-00000370-TOX)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS/MS (F027A)
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

203
Internal remarks:

Coumarin in herb

Composition #14: Martin, B., Bodson, M., Baricevic, D., Novak, J., Pank, F. Investigation on the Morphological and Chemical Variability of Sweet Woodruff (Galium odoratum (L.) Scop.) in Southern Belgium . iv international symposium on breeding research on medicinal and aromatic plants - isbmap2009, 2010, vol. 860, p. 61–66. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

"leafy shoots", extracted in 80% methanol
Substance:

Coumarin (RF-00000370-TOX)
Analytical method code:

UV/VIS spectroscopy (photometry) (F009A)
Analytical method - additional description:

spectrophotometric, direct absorbance: 274 nm
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.47-4.10
Internal remarks:

Coumarin in aerial parts (leafy shoots)

Composition #15: WORNER, M., SCHREIER, P. THE COMPOSITION OF VOLATILES FROM WOODRUFF (GALIUM-ODORATUM L SCOP). zeitschrift fur lebensmittel-untersuchung und-forschung, 1991, vol. 193, no. 4, p. 317–320. DOI: 10.1007/BF01191626. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

pentandichloromethane
Substance:

beta-thujone (RF-00003712-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

beta-thujone aerial parts

Composition #16: WORNER, M., SCHREIER, P. THE COMPOSITION OF VOLATILES FROM WOODRUFF (GALIUM-ODORATUM L SCOP). zeitschrift fur lebensmittel-untersuchung und-forschung, 1991, vol. 193, no. 4, p. 317–320. DOI: 10.1007/BF01191626. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

pentandichloromethane
Substance:

alpha-thujone (RF-00003676-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alpha-thujone aerial parts

Composition #17: WORNER, M., SCHREIER, P. THE COMPOSITION OF VOLATILES FROM WOODRUFF (GALIUM-ODORATUM L SCOP). zeitschrift fur lebensmittel-untersuchung und-forschung, 1991, vol. 193, no. 4, p. 317–320. DOI: 10.1007/BF01191626. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

pentandichloromethane
Substance:

(-)-camphor (RF-00003469-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

camphor aerial parts

Composition #18: WORNER, M., SCHREIER, P. THE COMPOSITION OF VOLATILES FROM WOODRUFF (GALIUM-ODORATUM L SCOP). zeitschrift fur lebensmittel-untersuchung und-forschung, 1991, vol. 193, no. 4, p. 317–320. DOI: 10.1007/BF01191626. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

pentandichloromethane
Substance:

Coumarin (RF-00000370-TOX)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

coumarin aerial parts

Composition #19: WORNER, M., SCHREIER, P. THE COMPOSITION OF VOLATILES FROM WOODRUFF (GALIUM-ODORATUM L SCOP). zeitschrift fur lebensmittel-untersuchung und-forschung, 1991, vol. 193, no. 4, p. 317–320. DOI: 10.1007/BF01191626. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

pentandichloromethane
Substance:

Nonanal (RF-00008505-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

nonanal aerial parts

Composition #20: WORNER, M., SCHREIER, P. THE COMPOSITION OF VOLATILES FROM WOODRUFF (GALIUM-ODORATUM L SCOP). zeitschrift fur lebensmittel-untersuchung und-forschung, 1991, vol. 193, no. 4, p. 317–320. DOI: 10.1007/BF01191626. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

pentandichloromethane
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineole aerial parts

Composition #21: WORNER, M., SCHREIER, P. THE COMPOSITION OF VOLATILES FROM WOODRUFF (GALIUM-ODORATUM L SCOP). zeitschrift fur lebensmittel-untersuchung und-forschung, 1991, vol. 193, no. 4, p. 317–320. DOI: 10.1007/BF01191626. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

pentandichloromethane
Substance:

(+)-pulegone (RF-00003398-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

pulegone aerial parts