EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Erythroxylum coca Lam.

Family:: Erythroxylaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 357
Number of processed references:: 11

Compositions

#1: Cocaine in seed (fruit endosperm and embryo), quantified in different sections of the leave #2: tropane alkaloids (cis- and trans-cinnamoylcocaine, ecgonine methyl ester, all quantified), seed (fruit endosperm and fruit embryo) #3: Cocaine in leaf, quantified #4: Cocaine in leaves, quantified #5: Tropane alkaloids (3alpha-ecetoxytropane, ecgonine methyl ester, benzoyltropine, hexanoylecgonine methyl ester, cis- and trans-cinnamoylcocaine) in seeds. #6: Methylecgonidine in seeds. #7: Cocaine in seeds #8: Cuscohygrine in seeds. #9: Tropine in seeds. #10: Norbenzoyltropine in seeds. #11: Tropane alkaloids (cocaine + cinnamoylcocaine) in leaves. Quantified #12: Tropane alkaloids (cocaine + cinnamoylcocaine) in stem. Quantified #13: cuscohygrine in leaves, quantified #14: Cocaine in leaves, quantified #15: tropane alkaloids (cis- and trans-Cinnamoylcocaine, tropacocaine, ecgonine methyl ester, hygrine) #16: tropinone, leaf, quantified #17: cocaine, leaf, quantified #18: cuscohygrine, leaf, quantified #19: hygrine, leaf, quantified #20: tropane alkaloids (cis-, and trans-cinnamoylcocaine, tropacocaine, all quantified), leaf #21: cocaine, aerial parts, quantified #22: cuscohygrine, leaf, quantified #23: tropinone, aerial parts, quanitifed #24: hygrine, aerial part, quantified #25: tropane alkaloids (cis-, trans-cinnamoylcoccaine, tropacoccaine, methylecgonine, all quantified), aerial parts #26: cuscohygrine, leaves, quantified #27: hygrine, leaves, quantified #28: cocaine, leaves, quantified #29: tropinone, leaves, quantified #30: tropane alkaloids (cis-, trans-cinnamoylcocaine, methyl ecgonine, tropacocaine, all quantified), leaf #31: tropane alkaloids in leaves. #32: Hygrine in leaves, quantified #33: Cuscohygrine in leaves, quantified

Endpoint Studies

#1: cytotoxicity of chewed leaves in mouth of humans.

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Ferreira, JFS., Duke, SO., Vaughn, KC. Histochemical and immunocytochemical localization of tropane alkaloids in Erythroxylum coca var. coca and E-novogranatense var. novogranatense . international journal of plant sciences, 1998, vol. 159, no. 3, p. 492–503. DOI: 10.1086/297566. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol extract of fruit endosperm
Substance:

Cocain (RF-00000457-TOX)
Additional substance description:

Cocaethylene used as internal standard
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.006-0.019
Internal remarks:

Cocaine in seed (fruit endosperm and embryo), quantified in different sections of the leave

Composition #2: Ferreira, JFS., Duke, SO., Vaughn, KC. Histochemical and immunocytochemical localization of tropane alkaloids in Erythroxylum coca var. coca and E-novogranatense var. novogranatense . international journal of plant sciences, 1998, vol. 159, no. 3, p. 492–503. DOI: 10.1086/297566. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol extract of fruit embryos
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Additional substance description:

cis- and trans-cinnamoylcocaine, ecgonine methyl ester
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tropane alkaloids (cis- and trans-cinnamoylcocaine, ecgonine methyl ester, all quantified), seed (fruit endosperm and fruit embryo)

Composition #3: Ferreira, JFS., Duke, SO., Vaughn, KC. Histochemical and immunocytochemical localization of tropane alkaloids in Erythroxylum coca var. coca and E-novogranatense var. novogranatense . international journal of plant sciences, 1998, vol. 159, no. 3, p. 492–503. DOI: 10.1086/297566. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol extract of leave mid-ribs.
Substance:

Cocain (RF-00000457-TOX)
Additional substance description:

Cocaethylene used as internal standard
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.18
Internal remarks:

Cocaine in leaf, quantified

Composition #4: Brachet, A., Mateus, L., Cherkaoui, S., Christen, P., Gauvrit, JY., Lanteri, P., Veuthey, JL. Application of central composite designs in the supercritical fluid extraction of tropane alkaloids in plant extracts . analusis, 1999, vol. 27, no. 9, p. 772–779. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Super-critical gas extraction (A0BZQ)
Additional extraction description:

CO2/MeOH/H2O, 90/9/1 v/v/v, 20 MPa and 40 °C
Substance:

Cocain (RF-00000457-TOX)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.60
Internal remarks:

Cocaine in leaves, quantified

Composition #5: Casale, JF., Toske, SG., Colley, VL. Alkaloid content of the seeds from Erythroxylum Coca var. Coca. journal of forensic sciences, 2005, vol. 50, no. 6, p. 1402–1406. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.18M H2SO4 - than adjusted to pH9 - extr. with dichloromethane
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Additional substance description:

3alpha-acetoxytropane, ecgonine methyl ester, benzoyltropine, hexanoylecgonine methyl ester, cis- and trans-cinnamoylcocaine
Analytical method code:

LC-GC-MS (F655A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Both GS(EI)-MS and LC-ESI-MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tropane alkaloids (3alpha-ecetoxytropane, ecgonine methyl ester, benzoyltropine, hexanoylecgonine methyl ester, cis- and trans-cinnamoylcocaine) in seeds.

Composition #6: Casale, JF., Toske, SG., Colley, VL. Alkaloid content of the seeds from Erythroxylum Coca var. Coca. journal of forensic sciences, 2005, vol. 50, no. 6, p. 1402–1406. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.18M H2SO4 - than adjusted to pH9 - extr. with dichloromethane
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

methylecgonidine
Analytical method code:

LC-GC-MS (F655A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Both GS(EI)-MS and LC-ESI-MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Methylecgonidine in seeds.

Composition #7: Casale, JF., Toske, SG., Colley, VL. Alkaloid content of the seeds from Erythroxylum Coca var. Coca. journal of forensic sciences, 2005, vol. 50, no. 6, p. 1402–1406. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.18M H2SO4 - than adjusted to pH9 - extr. with dichloromethane
Substance:

Cocain (RF-00000457-TOX)
Analytical method code:

LC-GC-MS (F655A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Both GS(EI)-MS and LC-ESI-MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Cocaine in seeds

Composition #8: Casale, JF., Toske, SG., Colley, VL. Alkaloid content of the seeds from Erythroxylum Coca var. Coca. journal of forensic sciences, 2005, vol. 50, no. 6, p. 1402–1406. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.18M H2SO4 - than adjusted to pH9 - extr. with dichloromethane
Substance:

cuscohygrine (RF-00003758-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-GC-MS (F655A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Both GS(EI)-MS and LC-ESI-MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Cuscohygrine in seeds.

Composition #9: Casale, JF., Toske, SG., Colley, VL. Alkaloid content of the seeds from Erythroxylum Coca var. Coca. journal of forensic sciences, 2005, vol. 50, no. 6, p. 1402–1406. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.18M H2SO4 - than adjusted to pH9 - extr. with dichloromethane
Substance:

tropine (RF-00004093-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-GC-MS (F655A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Both GS(EI)-MS and LC-ESI-MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tropine in seeds.

Composition #10: Casale, JF., Toske, SG., Colley, VL. Alkaloid content of the seeds from Erythroxylum Coca var. Coca. journal of forensic sciences, 2005, vol. 50, no. 6, p. 1402–1406. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.18M H2SO4 - than adjusted to pH9 - extr. with dichloromethane
Substance:

Nortropane alkaloids (RF-00010835-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Norbenzoyltropine
Analytical method code:

LC-GC-MS (F655A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Both GS(EI)-MS and LC-ESI-MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Norbenzoyltropine in seeds.

Composition #11: Torre, Jose Carlos Pardo., Schmidt, Gregor W., Paetz, Christian., Reichelt, Michael., Schneider, Bernd., Gershenzon, Jonathan., D'Auria, John C. The biosynthesis of hydroxycinnamoyl quinate esters and their role in the storage of cocaine in Erythroxylum coca . phytochemistry, 2013, vol. 91, p. 177–186. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.09.009. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

5 % metanol, 0.1 % formic acid in water
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Additional substance description:

cocaine + cinnamoylcocaine
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Result unit:

Millimole/kilogram (G070A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

40 - 440
Internal remarks:

Tropane alkaloids (cocaine + cinnamoylcocaine) in leaves. Quantified

Composition #12: Torre, Jose Carlos Pardo., Schmidt, Gregor W., Paetz, Christian., Reichelt, Michael., Schneider, Bernd., Gershenzon, Jonathan., D'Auria, John C. The biosynthesis of hydroxycinnamoyl quinate esters and their role in the storage of cocaine in Erythroxylum coca . phytochemistry, 2013, vol. 91, p. 177–186. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.09.009. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

5 % metanol, 0.1 % formic acid in water
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Additional substance description:

cocaine + cinnamoylcocaine
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Result unit:

Millimole/kilogram (G070A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

20 - 40
Internal remarks:

Tropane alkaloids (cocaine + cinnamoylcocaine) in stem. Quantified

Composition #13: MOORE, JM., CASALE, JF., KLEIN, RFX., COOPER, DA., LYDON, J. DETERMINATION AND IN-DEPTH CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSES OF ALKALOIDS IN SOUTH-AMERICAN AND GREENHOUSE-CULTIVATED COCA LEAVES . journal of chromatography a, 1994, vol. 659, no. 1, p. 163–175. DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)85018-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate - toluene
Substance:

cuscohygrine (RF-00003758-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

11-78
Internal remarks:

cuscohygrine in leaves, quantified

Composition #14: MOORE, JM., CASALE, JF., KLEIN, RFX., COOPER, DA., LYDON, J. DETERMINATION AND IN-DEPTH CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSES OF ALKALOIDS IN SOUTH-AMERICAN AND GREENHOUSE-CULTIVATED COCA LEAVES . journal of chromatography a, 1994, vol. 659, no. 1, p. 163–175. DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)85018-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate - toluene
Substance:

Cocain (RF-00000457-TOX)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.44-0.72
Internal remarks:

Cocaine in leaves, quantified

Composition #15: MOORE, JM., CASALE, JF., KLEIN, RFX., COOPER, DA., LYDON, J. DETERMINATION AND IN-DEPTH CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSES OF ALKALOIDS IN SOUTH-AMERICAN AND GREENHOUSE-CULTIVATED COCA LEAVES . journal of chromatography a, 1994, vol. 659, no. 1, p. 163–175. DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)85018-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate - toluene
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Additional substance description:

cis- and trans-Cinnamoylcocaine, tropacocaine, ecgonine methyl ester, hygrine
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tropane alkaloids (cis- and trans-Cinnamoylcocaine, tropacocaine, ecgonine methyl ester, hygrine)

Composition #16: JOHNSON, EL. CONTENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF ERYTHROXYLUM-COCA LEAF ALKALOIDS. annals of botany, 1995, vol. 76, no. 4, p. 331–335. DOI: 10.1006/anbo.1995.1104. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Tropinone (RF-00004720-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.004-0.011
Internal remarks:

tropinone, leaf, quantified

Composition #17: JOHNSON, EL. CONTENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF ERYTHROXYLUM-COCA LEAF ALKALOIDS. annals of botany, 1995, vol. 76, no. 4, p. 331–335. DOI: 10.1006/anbo.1995.1104. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Extract of the expended section of the leaf, solvent unspecified.
Substance:

Cocain (RF-00000457-TOX)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-UV (F021A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.41-0.48
Internal remarks:

cocaine, leaf, quantified

Composition #18: JOHNSON, EL. CONTENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF ERYTHROXYLUM-COCA LEAF ALKALOIDS. annals of botany, 1995, vol. 76, no. 4, p. 331–335. DOI: 10.1006/anbo.1995.1104. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

cuscohygrine (RF-00003758-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.15-0.17
Internal remarks:

cuscohygrine, leaf, quantified

Composition #19: JOHNSON, EL. CONTENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF ERYTHROXYLUM-COCA LEAF ALKALOIDS. annals of botany, 1995, vol. 76, no. 4, p. 331–335. DOI: 10.1006/anbo.1995.1104. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Hygrine (RF-00011035-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.11-0.32
Internal remarks:

hygrine, leaf, quantified

Composition #20: JOHNSON, EL. CONTENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF ERYTHROXYLUM-COCA LEAF ALKALOIDS. annals of botany, 1995, vol. 76, no. 4, p. 331–335. DOI: 10.1006/anbo.1995.1104. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Extract of the expanded sections of the leaf, solvent unspecified.
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Additional substance description:

cis-, and trans-cinnamoylcocaine, tropacocaine
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tropane alkaloids (cis-, and trans-cinnamoylcocaine, tropacocaine, all quantified), leaf

Composition #21: Johnson, EL. Alkaloid content in Erythroxylum coca tissue during reproductive development . phytochemistry, 1996, vol. 42, no. 1, p. 35–38. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(96)00864-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Cocain (RF-00000457-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Confirmed by GC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.004-0.62
Internal remarks:

cocaine, aerial parts, quantified

Composition #22: Johnson, EL. Alkaloid content in Erythroxylum coca tissue during reproductive development . phytochemistry, 1996, vol. 42, no. 1, p. 35–38. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(96)00864-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

cuscohygrine (RF-00003758-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Confirmed by GC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.02-0.04
Internal remarks:

cuscohygrine, leaf, quantified

Composition #23: Johnson, EL. Alkaloid content in Erythroxylum coca tissue during reproductive development . phytochemistry, 1996, vol. 42, no. 1, p. 35–38. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(96)00864-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Tropinone (RF-00004720-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Confirmed by GC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.01-0.02
Internal remarks:

tropinone, aerial parts, quanitifed

Composition #24: Johnson, EL. Alkaloid content in Erythroxylum coca tissue during reproductive development . phytochemistry, 1996, vol. 42, no. 1, p. 35–38. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(96)00864-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Hygrine (RF-00011035-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Confirmed by GC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.005-0.5
Internal remarks:

hygrine, aerial part, quantified

Composition #25: Johnson, EL. Alkaloid content in Erythroxylum coca tissue during reproductive development . phytochemistry, 1996, vol. 42, no. 1, p. 35–38. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(96)00864-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Additional substance description:

cis-, trans-cinnamoylcoccaine, tropacoccaine, methylecgonine
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Confirmed by GC-MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tropane alkaloids (cis-, trans-cinnamoylcoccaine, tropacoccaine, methylecgonine, all quantified), aerial parts

Composition #26: Johnson, EL., Foy, CD. Biomass accumulation and alkaloid content in leaves of Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense var novogranatense grown in soil with varying pH . journal of plant physiology, 1996, vol. 149, no. 3-4, p. 444–450. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified, reference given
Substance:

cuscohygrine (RF-00003758-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Reference given
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.01-0.19
Internal remarks:

cuscohygrine, leaves, quantified

Composition #27: Johnson, EL., Foy, CD. Biomass accumulation and alkaloid content in leaves of Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense var novogranatense grown in soil with varying pH . journal of plant physiology, 1996, vol. 149, no. 3-4, p. 444–450. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified, reference given
Substance:

Hygrine (RF-00011035-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Reference given
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.09-0.52
Internal remarks:

hygrine, leaves, quantified

Composition #28: Johnson, EL., Foy, CD. Biomass accumulation and alkaloid content in leaves of Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense var novogranatense grown in soil with varying pH . journal of plant physiology, 1996, vol. 149, no. 3-4, p. 444–450. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified, reference given
Substance:

Cocain (RF-00000457-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Reference given
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.1-0.99
Internal remarks:

cocaine, leaves, quantified

Composition #29: Johnson, EL., Foy, CD. Biomass accumulation and alkaloid content in leaves of Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense var novogranatense grown in soil with varying pH . journal of plant physiology, 1996, vol. 149, no. 3-4, p. 444–450. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified, reference given
Substance:

Tropinone (RF-00004720-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Reference given
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.02-0.02
Internal remarks:

tropinone, leaves, quantified

Composition #30: Johnson, EL., Foy, CD. Biomass accumulation and alkaloid content in leaves of Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense var novogranatense grown in soil with varying pH . journal of plant physiology, 1996, vol. 149, no. 3-4, p. 444–450. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified, reference given
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Additional substance description:

cis-, trans-cinnamoylcocaine, methyl ecgonine, tropacocaine
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Reference given
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tropane alkaloids (cis-, trans-cinnamoylcocaine, methyl ecgonine, tropacocaine, all quantified), leaf

Composition #31: Casale, JF., Moore, JM. Lesser alkaloids of cocaine-bearing plants .2. 3-Oxo-substituted tropane esters: Detection and mass spectral characterization of minor alkaloids found in South American Erythroxylum coca var coca . journal of chromatography a, 1996, vol. 749, no. 1-2, p. 173–180. DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(96)00466-9. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Toluene - 0.5M H2SO4 - pH adjusted to 8 - chloroform
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Additional substance description:

3α-Phenylacetoxytropane, 3alpha-Benzoyloxytropane, 3beta-cis- and 3beta-trans-cinnamoyloxytropane, 3beta-2´-hydroxybenzoyloxytropane, 3alpha-3´,4´,5´-trimethoxybenzoyloxytropane, 3alpha- and 3-beta-3´,4´,5´-trimethoxy-transcinnamoyloxytropane
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tropane alkaloids in leaves.

Composition #32: Glass, RL. Analysis of hygrine and cuscohygrine in Coca leaves using gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 1997, vol. 45, no. 8, p. 3114–3117. DOI: 10.1021/jf960967f. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

1. 95 % Ethanol, 2. 1.5 % citric acid, 3. pH adjusted to 8.8, 4. chloroform
Substance:

Hygrine (RF-00011035-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-GC-FID (F675A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC or GC-FID
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.06-0.12
Internal remarks:

Hygrine in leaves, quantified

Composition #33: Glass, RL. Analysis of hygrine and cuscohygrine in Coca leaves using gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 1997, vol. 45, no. 8, p. 3114–3117. DOI: 10.1021/jf960967f. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

1. 95 % Ethanol, 2. 1.5 % citric acid, 3. pH adjusted to 8.8, 4. chloroform
Substance:

cuscohygrine (RF-00003758-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-GC-FID (F675A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC or GC-FID
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.17-0.25
Internal remarks:

Cuscohygrine in leaves, quantified

Endpoint study #1: Nersesyan, Armen., Kundi, Michael., Krupitza, Georg., Barcelos, Gustavo., Misik, Miroslav., Wultsch, Georg., Carrion, Juan., Carrion-Carrera, Gladys., Knasmueller, Siegfried. Induction of nuclear anomalies in exfoliated buccal cells of coca chewers: results of a field study . archives of toxicology, 2013, vol. 87, no. 3, p. 529–534. DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0969-1. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Raw, no heat treatment (A07HS)
Type of toxicological test:

other (CHD008TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

45
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

Other toxicities (TOX19A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

cytotoxicity: karyorhexis and karyolysis in the mouth of chewers
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

morphology (CHD013BE)
Internal remarks:

cytotoxicity of chewed leaves in mouth of humans.