EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Loquat (as plant) // Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.

Family:: Rosaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 2423
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: Amygdalin in seed #2: Oxalic acid in flower #3: Benzaldehyde in flower

Endpoint Studies

#1: Reduced weight gain in high dose group (both male and female) 28-day study #2: cyanide toxicity from seeds in 2 otters

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Boorsma, W. G. Pharmacological Reports. machine translation . s'lands plantentuin. bulletin de l'institut botanique de buitenzorg nr. 21., 1904, p. 1–36. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional extraction description:

no info
Substance:

amygdalin (RF-00003680-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Analytical method - additional description:

no info
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Amygdalin in seed

Composition #2: Lu, Yan., Lu, Zhou-min., Fan, Mei-li., Bai, Wei-dong. Changes of volatile components during different stages of loquat flowers. yuanyi xuebao, 2013, vol. 40, no. 11, p. 2245–2254. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Super-critical gas extraction (A0BZQ)
Additional extraction description:

Head space solid phase micro extraction SPME
Substance:

oxalic acid (RF-00000356-NTR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Oxalic acid in flower

Composition #3: Lu, Yan., Lu, Zhou-min., Fan, Mei-li., Bai, Wei-dong. Changes of volatile components during different stages of loquat flowers. yuanyi xuebao, 2013, vol. 40, no. 11, p. 2245–2254. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Super-critical gas extraction (A0BZQ)
Additional extraction description:

Head space solid phase micro extraction SPME
Substance:

Benzaldehyde (RF-00008323-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Benzaldehyde in flower

Endpoint study #1: Li, Feng., Li, Yijia., Li, Qingxian., Shi, Xianai., Guo, Yanghao. Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Eriobotrya japonica Leaf Triterpene Acids in ICR Mice. . evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : ecam, 2017, vol. 2017, p. 4837839–4837839. DOI: 10.1155/2017/4837839. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

drying, extraction EtOH, fractions, drying to powder
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

ICR (CHD044ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

28.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

80
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

600
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Effect description:

reduced weight gain
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

body weight (CHD005BE)
Internal remarks:

Reduced weight gain in high dose group (both male and female) 28-day study

Endpoint study #2: Weber, MA., Garner, M. Cyanide toxicosis in Asian small-clawed otters (Amblonyx cinereus) secondary to ingestion of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) . journal of zoo and wildlife medicine, 2002, vol. 33, no. 2, p. 145–146. .

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Substance:

Cyanide (RF-00000021-CHE)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Animals (as animal) (A04SF)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Unit of exposure duration:

animal (G199A)
Number of organisms dosed:

2
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

Cardiovascular / Haematological (TT001A)
Effect description:

cyanide toxicity
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

cyanide toxicity from seeds in 2 otters