EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Embelia tsjeriam-cottam (Roem. & Schult.) A.DC. // Embelia robusta Roxb.

Family:: Primulaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 38
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: embelic acid in the fruit #2: Tannins and phenolics in fruits #3: alkaloids in fruits #4: embelin in fruits

Endpoint Studies

#1: sheep - case report #2: goats - case report

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Krishna, S., Varma, B. S. Active principles of Embelia robusta, Roxb., Myrsine semiserrata, Wall, and M. capitellata, Wall. forest research inst. dehra dun, (india) forest bull., 1941, vol. 102, p. 3 pp. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

light petroleum, CHCl3, and alc
Substance:

embelin (RF-00003797-PAR)
Additional substance description:

embelic acid
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.6
Internal remarks:

embelic acid in the fruit

Composition #2: Dar, Umair Ikram., Saleem, Farooq., Touqeer, Saad. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Embelia robusta: a common adulterant in black pepper. pakistan journal of pharmaceutical research, 2016, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 136–141. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

n-hexane, chloroform, methanol
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Tannins and phenolics
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Ferric chloride, Lead acetate
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins and phenolics in fruits

Composition #3: Dar, Umair Ikram., Saleem, Farooq., Touqeer, Saad. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Embelia robusta: a common adulterant in black pepper. pakistan journal of pharmaceutical research, 2016, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 136–141. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

chloroform, methanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Analytical method - additional description:

mayer´s test, wagner´s test
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids in fruits

Composition #4: Pandey, A. K., Ojha, Vijayalakshmi. Estimation of Embelin in Embelia tsjeriam-cottam Fruits by HPLC to Standardize Harvesting Time . indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2011, vol. 73, no. 2, p. 216–U. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

embelin (RF-00003797-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

RP-HPLC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.09-5.21
Internal remarks:

embelin in fruits

Endpoint study #1: Bhatia, Harpreet., Manhas, R. K., Kumar, Kewal., Magotra, Rani. Traditional knowledge on poisonous plants of Udhampur district of Jammu and Kashmir, India . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2014, vol. 152, no. 1, p. 207–216. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.058. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Sheep (as animal) (A057G)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

shivering followed by death after 2 days
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

sheep - case report

Endpoint study #2: Bhatia, Harpreet., Manhas, R. K., Kumar, Kewal., Magotra, Rani. Traditional knowledge on poisonous plants of Udhampur district of Jammu and Kashmir, India . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2014, vol. 152, no. 1, p. 207–216. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.058. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Goat (as animal) (A057P)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

shivering followed by death after 2 days
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

goats - case report