Draft - work in progress
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- Embelia ribes Burm.f.
Embelia ribes Burm.f.
- Family:
- Primulaceae
- Approval state:
- Approved
- Number of articles retrieved:
- 580
- Number of processed references:
- 8
Composition #1: Mali, S., Borges, R. M. Phenolics, fibre, alkaloids, saponins, and cyanogenic glycosides in a seasonal cloud forest in India. biochemical systematics and ecology, 2003, vol. 31, no. 11, p. 1221–1246. .
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Plant part:
Fruit peel (as part-nature) (A067G)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
dragenforff's and Mayer reagents
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Substance:
Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) (RF-00004370-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
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Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
7.5
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Internal remarks:
condensed tannins in fruits
Composition #2: Mali, S., Borges, R. M. Phenolics, fibre, alkaloids, saponins, and cyanogenic glycosides in a seasonal cloud forest in India. biochemical systematics and ecology, 2003, vol. 31, no. 11, p. 1221–1246. .
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Plant part:
Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
dragenforff's and Mayer reagents
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Substance:
Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
alkaloids (unspecified)
Composition #3: Gopinath, S., Muralidharan, S., Rajan, S., Danaphal, S. P. Simultaneous estimation of plumbagin and embelin by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatographic method. archives of applied science research, 2009, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 135–142. .
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Plant part:
Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Petroleum ether, Methanol, Ethyl acetate, Chloroform
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Substance:
plumbagin (RF-00004000-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
RP-HLC
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Plumbagin (live plant)
Composition #4: Gopinath, S., Muralidharan, S., Rajan, S., Danaphal, S. P. Simultaneous estimation of plumbagin and embelin by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatographic method. archives of applied science research, 2009, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 135–142. .
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Plant part:
Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Petroleum ether, Methanol, Ethyl acetate, Chloroform
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Substance:
embelin (RF-00003797-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
RP-HLC
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Embelin (live plant)
Composition #5: Saraf, A., Srilata Srinivas, K., Chaturvedi, A. Phytochemical and elemental profile of Embelia ribes Burn. F. research journal of pharmaceutical, biological and chemical sciences, 2016, vol. 7, no. 4, p. 471–476. .
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Plant part:
Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
methanol
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Substance:
Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Tannins (fruits)
Composition #6: Saraf, A., Srilata Srinivas, K., Chaturvedi, A. Phytochemical and elemental profile of Embelia ribes Burn. F. research journal of pharmaceutical, biological and chemical sciences, 2016, vol. 7, no. 4, p. 471–476. .
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Plant part:
Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
methanol
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Substance:
Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Alkaloids (fruits)
Composition #7: Saraf, A., Srilata Srinivas, K., Chaturvedi, A. Phytochemical and elemental profile of Embelia ribes Burn. F. research journal of pharmaceutical, biological and chemical sciences, 2016, vol. 7, no. 4, p. 471–476. .
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Plant part:
Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
methanol
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Substance:
anthraquinones (RF-00004343-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Anthraquinones (fruits)
Composition #8: Saraf, A., Srilata Srinivas, K., Chaturvedi, A. Phytochemical and elemental profile of Embelia ribes Burn. F. research journal of pharmaceutical, biological and chemical sciences, 2016, vol. 7, no. 4, p. 471–476. .
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Plant part:
Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
methanol
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Substance:
cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Cardiac Glycosides (fruits)
Composition #9: Singh, Inder Pal., Bharate, Sandip B., Singh, Anubha., Bhutani, Kamlesh K. Fate of embelin in Pippalyadi Yoga, an Ayurvedic oral contraceptive: Structure of embelin-borax complex and evaluation of anti-fertility activity . indian journal of chemistry section b-organic chemistry including medicinal chemistry, 2007, vol. 46, no. 2, p. 320–325. .
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Plant part:
Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
chloroform
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Substance:
embelin (RF-00003797-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Mass Spectroscopy and hyphenated methods without chromatography (F063A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
MS and IR
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Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
2.5
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Internal remarks:
Embelin (fruits)
Composition #10: Singh, Dharmendra., Singh, Ruchi., Singh, Pahup., Gupta, Radhey S. Effects of Embelin on Lipid Peroxidation and Free Radical Scavenging Activity against Liver Damage in Rats . basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology, 2009, vol. 105, no. 4, p. 243–248. DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00429.x.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
petroleum ether
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Substance:
embelin (RF-00003797-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
column chromatography
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Embelin (seeds)
Composition #11: Joy, Beena., Kumar, S. Nishanth., Soumya, M. S., Radhika, A. R., Vibin, M., Abraham, Annie. Embelin (2,5-dihydroxy-3-undecyl-p-benzoquinone): A bioactive molecule isolated from Embelia ribes as an effective photodynamic therapeutic candidate against tumor in vivo . phytomedicine, 2014, vol. 21, no. 11, p. 1292–1297. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.07.001.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
n-hexane
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Substance:
embelin (RF-00003797-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Embelin (berries)
Endpoint study
#1: Kumar, Dinesh., Kumar, Ajay., Prakash, Om. Potential antifertility agents from plants: A comprehensive review. journal of ethnopharmacology, 2012, vol. 140, no. 1, p. 1–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.12.039.
[
DOI link]
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Study relevance:
Human health
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Substance:
embelin (RF-00003797-PAR)
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Plant part:
Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
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Additional plant/substance description:
berries, bark, roots
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Type of toxicological test:
reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
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Tested organism:
Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
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Route of exposure:
ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
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Endpoint measured:
Dose level (CHD014EP)
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Concentration unit:
Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
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Effect concentration:
15-120
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Critical effect:
REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
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Effect description:
Root (100 mg/kg) and berries (2-4 g/day) powder exhibited antifertility activity (62-100%) in rats, embelin oral (15–120 mg/kg) in F/M rats exhibited 55.55-85.71% anti-implantation activity, antiestrogenic and progestational activity
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Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
reproduction (CHD014BE)
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Internal remarks:
Embelin possess significant antifertility activity in female rats whereas embelin also possesses antispermatogenic activity in male rats.
Endpoint study
#2: Phu Hoang Dang., Nhan Trung Nguyen., Hai Xuan Nguyen., Luan Sao Nguyen., Le, Tho Huu., Truong Nhat Van Do., Van Can, Mao., Mai Thanh Thi Nguyen. alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors from the leaves of Embelia ribes. fitoterapia, 2015, vol. 100, p. 201–207. DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.12.004.
[
DOI link]
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Study relevance:
Human health
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Substance:
Flavonoids (RF-00000437-NTR)
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Preparation/Extraction method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional plant/substance description:
n-hexane, methanol
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Type of toxicological test:
in vitro (CHD061TT)
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Tested organism:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (as organism) (A0CPH)
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Route of exposure:
OTHER (OECD0PL)
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Endpoint measured:
Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
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Concentration unit:
Microgram/litre (G051A)
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Effect concentration:
1.3-155.0
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Critical effect:
Digestive (TOX18A)
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Target tissue:
Digestive (TT002A)
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Effect description:
Flavonoids displayed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 1.3 to 155.0 μM) in S. cerevisiae (750 UN)
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Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
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Internal remarks:
Flavonoids α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in S. cerevisiae strain 750 UN
Endpoint study
#3: Phu Hoang Dang., Nhan Trung Nguyen., Hai Xuan Nguyen., Luan Sao Nguyen., Le, Tho Huu., Truong Nhat Van Do., Van Can, Mao., Mai Thanh Thi Nguyen. alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors from the leaves of Embelia ribes. fitoterapia, 2015, vol. 100, p. 201–207. DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.12.004.
[
DOI link]
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Study relevance:
Human health
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Substance:
embelin (RF-00003797-PAR)
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Preparation/Extraction method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional plant/substance description:
n-hexane, methanol/Embeline derivative: Embelamide
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Type of toxicological test:
in vitro (CHD061TT)
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Tested organism:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (as organism) (A0CPH)
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Route of exposure:
OTHER (OECD0PL)
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Endpoint measured:
Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
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Concentration unit:
Microgram/litre (G051A)
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Effect concentration:
72.8
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Critical effect:
Digestive (TOX18A)
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Target tissue:
Digestive (TT002A)
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Effect description:
Embelamide displayed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 72.8 μM) in S. cerevisiae (750 UN)
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Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
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Internal remarks:
Embelamide shows α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in S. cerevisiae strain 750 UN
Endpoint study
#4: Phu Hoang Dang., Nhan Trung Nguyen., Hai Xuan Nguyen., Luan Sao Nguyen., Le, Tho Huu., Truong Nhat Van Do., Van Can, Mao., Mai Thanh Thi Nguyen. alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors from the leaves of Embelia ribes. fitoterapia, 2015, vol. 100, p. 201–207. DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.12.004.
[
DOI link]
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Study relevance:
Human health
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Substance:
Isoquercitrin (RF-00010712-PAR)
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Preparation/Extraction method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional plant/substance description:
n-hexane, methanol/quercitrin
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Type of toxicological test:
in vitro (CHD061TT)
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Tested organism:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (as organism) (A0CPH)
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Route of exposure:
OTHER (OECD0PL)
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Endpoint measured:
Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
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Concentration unit:
Microgram/litre (G051A)
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Effect concentration:
26.7
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Critical effect:
Digestive (TOX18A)
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Target tissue:
Digestive (TT002A)
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Effect description:
quercitrin displayed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 26.7 μM) in S. cerevisiae (750 UN)
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Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
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Internal remarks:
quercitrin shows α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in S. cerevisiae strain 750 UN
Endpoint study
#5: Phu Hoang Dang., Nhan Trung Nguyen., Hai Xuan Nguyen., Luan Sao Nguyen., Le, Tho Huu., Truong Nhat Van Do., Van Can, Mao., Mai Thanh Thi Nguyen. alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors from the leaves of Embelia ribes. fitoterapia, 2015, vol. 100, p. 201–207. DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.12.004.
[
DOI link]
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Study relevance:
Human health
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Substance:
syringaresinol (RF-00011386-PAR)
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Preparation/Extraction method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional plant/substance description:
n-hexane, methanol/syringaresinol and derrivative
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Type of toxicological test:
in vitro (CHD061TT)
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Tested organism:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (as organism) (A0CPH)
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Route of exposure:
OTHER (OECD0PL)
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Endpoint measured:
Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
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Concentration unit:
Microgram/litre (G051A)
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Effect concentration:
23-66.6
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Critical effect:
Digestive (TOX18A)
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Target tissue:
Digestive (TT002A)
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Effect description:
syringaresinol displayed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 23-66.6 μM) in S. cerevisiae (750 UN)
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Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
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Internal remarks:
syringaresinol and derivative shows α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in S. cerevisiae strain 750 UN