EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Echinops sphaerocephalus L.

Family:: Asteraceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 80
Number of processed references:: 3

Compositions

#1: echinorine (1.8 - 2.2 %) in fruits #2: Echinorine, echinopsine and echinopsidine (quinoline alkaloids) in fruits #3: 2-(But-3-en-1-ynyl)-5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)thiophene in roots #4: Dehydrocostus lactone in roots #5: 5-(3-Buten-1-ynyl)-2,2’-bithienyl in roots #6: alpha-terthienyl in roots

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Pham Thanh Ky., Schroeder, Peter. Studies on the physiology of the quinoline alkaloids in Echinops spec.. biochemie und physiologie der pflanzen, 1976, vol. 169, no. 5, p. 461–70. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol and chloroform
Substance:

Quinoline alkaloids (RF-00004326-PAR)
Additional substance description:

echinorine
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.8 - 2.2
Internal remarks:

echinorine (1.8 - 2.2 %) in fruits

Composition #2: Horn, Gert., Kupfer, Astrid., Kalbitz, Jutta., Gerdelbracht, Hans-Juergen., Kluge, Holger., Eder, Klaus., Draeger, Birgit. Great globe thistle fruit (Echinops sphaerocephalus L.), a potential new oil crop . european journal of lipid science and technology, 2008, vol. 110, no. 7, p. 662–667. DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200700142. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Quinoline alkaloids (RF-00004326-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Echinorine, echinopsine and echinopsidine
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.72 - 2.27
Internal remarks:

Echinorine, echinopsine and echinopsidine (quinoline alkaloids) in fruits

Composition #3: Radulovic, Niko S., Denic, Marija S. Essential Oils from the Roots of Echinops bannaticus Rochel ex Schrad. and Echinops sphaerocephalus L. (Asteraceae): Chemotaxonomic and Biosynthetic Aspects . chemistry & biodiversity, 2013, vol. 10, no. 4, p. 658–676. DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200330. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Et2O
Substance:

polyacetylene derivatives polyacetylene derivatives (RF-00004332-PAR)
Additional substance description:

2-(But-3-en-1-ynyl)-5-(penta-1,3- diynyl)thiophene
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.5
Internal remarks:

2-(But-3-en-1-ynyl)-5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)thiophene in roots

Composition #4: Radulovic, Niko S., Denic, Marija S. Essential Oils from the Roots of Echinops bannaticus Rochel ex Schrad. and Echinops sphaerocephalus L. (Asteraceae): Chemotaxonomic and Biosynthetic Aspects . chemistry & biodiversity, 2013, vol. 10, no. 4, p. 658–676. DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200330. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Et2O
Substance:

dehydrocostus lactone (RF-00003766-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.3
Internal remarks:

Dehydrocostus lactone in roots

Composition #5: Radulovic, Niko S., Denic, Marija S. Essential Oils from the Roots of Echinops bannaticus Rochel ex Schrad. and Echinops sphaerocephalus L. (Asteraceae): Chemotaxonomic and Biosynthetic Aspects . chemistry & biodiversity, 2013, vol. 10, no. 4, p. 658–676. DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200330. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Et2O
Substance:

polyacetylene derivatives polyacetylene derivatives (RF-00004332-PAR)
Additional substance description:

5-(3-Buten-1-ynyl)-2,2’-bithienyl
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

48.9
Internal remarks:

5-(3-Buten-1-ynyl)-2,2’-bithienyl in roots

Composition #6: Radulovic, Niko S., Denic, Marija S. Essential Oils from the Roots of Echinops bannaticus Rochel ex Schrad. and Echinops sphaerocephalus L. (Asteraceae): Chemotaxonomic and Biosynthetic Aspects . chemistry & biodiversity, 2013, vol. 10, no. 4, p. 658–676. DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200330. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Et2O
Substance:

alpha-terthienyl (RF-00004139-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

13.7
Internal remarks:

alpha-terthienyl in roots