EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Duboisia myoporoides R.Br.

Family:: Solanaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 192
Number of processed references:: 10

Compositions

#1: Hyoscyamine in leaves #2: alkaloids in leaves #3: Scopolamine in leaves #4: apoatropine, Apohyoscine (Aposcopolamine), Hyoscyamine and atropine ((±) -hyoscyamine), littorine, noratropine, norscopolamine, scopolamine, tigloidine, tropine, acetyltropine, butropine, valtropine, tropine-nonanoate in unspecified part #5: Tropane alklaoids (scopolamine and hyoscyamine) in leaves #6: hyoscyamine and scopolamine in leaves #7: 6beta-hydroxy-Hyoscyamine in leaves #8: Scopolamine in leaves #9: Hyoscyamine in leaves #10: anabasine in leaves #11: isopelletierine in leaves #12: Hyoscine in leaves #13: nicotine in leaves #14: apoatropine in leaves #15: butropine in leaves #16: valtropine in leaves #17: tropine nonanoate in leaves #18: nicotine in phloem sap from shoots #19: atropine in phloem sap from shoots #20: anabasine in phloem sap from shoots #21: scopolamine in phloem sap from shoots #22: scopolin in aerial parts #23: scopoletin in aerial parts #24: esculetin in aerial parts

Endpoint Studies

#1: anticholinergic toxidrome (following the consumption of 5 to 10 leaves)

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Mishra, S., Sangwan, R.S. Dynamics of tropane alkaloids in Duboisia myoporoides leaf during development. journal of herbs, spices and medicinal plants, 1996, vol. 4, no. 3, p. 61–70. DOI: 10.1300/J044v04n03_08. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

CH2CL2: MeOH: NH4OH
Substance:

Hyoscyamine (RF-00000247-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Result unit:

Microgram/square decimetre (G053A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

80 - 1590
Internal remarks:

Hyoscyamine in leaves

Composition #2: Mishra, S., Sangwan, R.S. Dynamics of tropane alkaloids in Duboisia myoporoides leaf during development. journal of herbs, spices and medicinal plants, 1996, vol. 4, no. 3, p. 61–70. DOI: 10.1300/J044v04n03_08. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

CH2CL2: MeOH: NH4OH
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Result unit:

Microgram/square decimetre (G053A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2220 - 8960
Internal remarks:

alkaloids in leaves

Composition #3: Mishra, S., Sangwan, R.S. Dynamics of tropane alkaloids in Duboisia myoporoides leaf during development. journal of herbs, spices and medicinal plants, 1996, vol. 4, no. 3, p. 61–70. DOI: 10.1300/J044v04n03_08. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

CH2CL2: MeOH: NH4OH
Substance:

Scopolamine (RF-00000248-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Result unit:

Microgram/square decimetre (G053A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2000 - 7400
Internal remarks:

Scopolamine in leaves

Composition #4: Foley, P. Duboisia myoporoides: The medical career of a native Australian plant. historical records of australian science, 2006, vol. 17, no. 1, p. 31–69. DOI: 10.1071/HR06001. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Additional substance description:

Apoatropine, Apohyoscine (Aposcopolamine), Hyoscyamine and atropine ((±) -hyoscyamine),tigloidine, littorine, noratropine, norscopolamine, scopolamine, tropine, acetyltropine, butropine, valtropine, tropine nonanoate
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

apoatropine, Apohyoscine (Aposcopolamine), Hyoscyamine and atropine ((±) -hyoscyamine), littorine, noratropine, norscopolamine, scopolamine, tigloidine, tropine, acetyltropine, butropine, valtropine, tropine-nonanoate in unspecified part

Composition #5: Naumann, A., Kurtze, L., Krähmer, A., Hagels, H., Schulz, H. Discrimination of solanaceae taxa and quantification of scopolamine and hyoscyamine by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. planta medica, 2014, vol. 80, no. 15, p. 1315–1320. DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1383046. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

phosphoric acid
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Additional substance description:

scopolamine and hyoscyamine
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tropane alklaoids (scopolamine and hyoscyamine) in leaves

Composition #6: Khanam, N., Khoo, C., Khan, AG. Effects of cytokinin-auxin combinations on cell arrangement in the basal stems and tropane alkaloid production in cultured non-rooted shoots of Duboisia myoporoides . australian journal of botany, 2001, vol. 49, no. 4, p. 443–450. DOI: 10.1071/BT00064. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

70% v/v ethanol
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Additional substance description:

hyoscyamine and scopolamine
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Analytical method - additional description:

detection limit
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.06
Internal remarks:

hyoscyamine and scopolamine in leaves

Composition #7: Ullrich, Sophie Friederike., Averesch, Nils J. H., Castellanos, Leonardo., Choi, Young Hae., Rothauer, Andreas., Kayser, Oliver. Discrimination of wild types and hybrids of Duboisia myoporoides and Duboisia leichhardtii at different growth stages using H-1 NMR-based metabolite profiling and tropane alkaloids-targeted HPLC-MS analysis . phytochemistry, 2016, vol. 131, p. 44–56. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.08.008. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ortho-phosphoric acid 0.5 vol%
Substance:

Hyoscyamine (RF-00000247-TOX)
Additional substance description:

6beta-hydroxy-hyoscyamine
Analytical method code:

UHPLC-MS-MS (F608A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.5 - 3.0
Internal remarks:

6beta-hydroxy-Hyoscyamine in leaves

Composition #8: Ullrich, Sophie Friederike., Averesch, Nils J. H., Castellanos, Leonardo., Choi, Young Hae., Rothauer, Andreas., Kayser, Oliver. Discrimination of wild types and hybrids of Duboisia myoporoides and Duboisia leichhardtii at different growth stages using H-1 NMR-based metabolite profiling and tropane alkaloids-targeted HPLC-MS analysis . phytochemistry, 2016, vol. 131, p. 44–56. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.08.008. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ortho-phosphoric acid 0.5 vol%
Substance:

Scopolamine (RF-00000248-TOX)
Analytical method code:

UHPLC-MS-MS (F608A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

12.71
Internal remarks:

Scopolamine in leaves

Composition #9: Ullrich, Sophie Friederike., Averesch, Nils J. H., Castellanos, Leonardo., Choi, Young Hae., Rothauer, Andreas., Kayser, Oliver. Discrimination of wild types and hybrids of Duboisia myoporoides and Duboisia leichhardtii at different growth stages using H-1 NMR-based metabolite profiling and tropane alkaloids-targeted HPLC-MS analysis . phytochemistry, 2016, vol. 131, p. 44–56. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.08.008. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ortho-phosphoric acid 0.5 vol%
Substance:

Hyoscyamine (RF-00000247-TOX)
Analytical method code:

UHPLC-MS-MS (F608A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.5
Internal remarks:

Hyoscyamine in leaves

Composition #10: MORTIMER, PI., WILKINSON, S. THE OCCURRENCE OF NICOTINE, ANABASINE, AND ISOPELLETIERINE IN DUBOISIA-MYOPOROIDES . journal of the chemical society, 1957, no. SEP, p. 3967–3970. DOI: 10.1039/jr9570003967. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol + / sulphuric acid
Substance:

anabasine (RF-00003682-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.39 - 1.4
Internal remarks:

anabasine in leaves

Composition #11: MORTIMER, PI., WILKINSON, S. THE OCCURRENCE OF NICOTINE, ANABASINE, AND ISOPELLETIERINE IN DUBOISIA-MYOPOROIDES . journal of the chemical society, 1957, no. SEP, p. 3967–3970. DOI: 10.1039/jr9570003967. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol + / sulphuric acid
Substance:

pelletierine (RF-00003982-PAR)
Additional substance description:

isopelletierine
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.09 - 0.25
Internal remarks:

isopelletierine in leaves

Composition #12: MORTIMER, PI., WILKINSON, S. THE OCCURRENCE OF NICOTINE, ANABASINE, AND ISOPELLETIERINE IN DUBOISIA-MYOPOROIDES . journal of the chemical society, 1957, no. SEP, p. 3967–3970. DOI: 10.1039/jr9570003967. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol + / sulphuric acid
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Additional substance description:

Hyoscine
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.08 - 0.09
Internal remarks:

Hyoscine in leaves

Composition #13: MORTIMER, PI., WILKINSON, S. THE OCCURRENCE OF NICOTINE, ANABASINE, AND ISOPELLETIERINE IN DUBOISIA-MYOPOROIDES . journal of the chemical society, 1957, no. SEP, p. 3967–3970. DOI: 10.1039/jr9570003967. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol + / sulphuric acid
Substance:

Nicotine (RF-0809-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.06 - 0.3
Internal remarks:

nicotine in leaves

Composition #14: SHUKLA, YN., THAKUR, RS. TROPANE ALKALOIDS FROM DUBOISIA-MYOPOROIDES. phytochemistry, 1992, vol. 31, no. 12, p. 4389–4390. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(92)80490-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

2% HCI + n-hexane
Substance:

Apoatropine (RF-00004697-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Mass Spectroscopy and hyphenated methods without chromatography (F063A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

apoatropine in leaves

Composition #15: SHUKLA, YN., THAKUR, RS. TROPANE ALKALOIDS FROM DUBOISIA-MYOPOROIDES. phytochemistry, 1992, vol. 31, no. 12, p. 4389–4390. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(92)80490-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

2% HCI + n-hexane
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Additional substance description:

butropine
Analytical method code:

Mass Spectroscopy and hyphenated methods without chromatography (F063A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

butropine in leaves

Composition #16: SHUKLA, YN., THAKUR, RS. TROPANE ALKALOIDS FROM DUBOISIA-MYOPOROIDES. phytochemistry, 1992, vol. 31, no. 12, p. 4389–4390. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(92)80490-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

2% HCI + n-hexane
Substance:

Valtropine (RF-00010860-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Mass Spectroscopy and hyphenated methods without chromatography (F063A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

valtropine in leaves

Composition #17: SHUKLA, YN., THAKUR, RS. TROPANE ALKALOIDS FROM DUBOISIA-MYOPOROIDES. phytochemistry, 1992, vol. 31, no. 12, p. 4389–4390. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(92)80490-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

2% HCI + n-hexane
Substance:

tropine (RF-00004093-PAR)
Additional substance description:

tropine nonanoate
Analytical method code:

Mass Spectroscopy and hyphenated methods without chromatography (F063A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tropine nonanoate in leaves

Composition #18: KITAMURA, Y., YAMASHITA, R., MIURA, H., WATANABE, M. PHLOEM TRANSPORT OF TROPANE AND PYRIDINE ALKALOIDS IN DUBOISIA-MYOPOROIDES . journal of plant physiology, 1993, vol. 142, no. 5, p. 635–637. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Shoot (as part-nature) (A067T)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

CHCh: EtOH: 28 % NH40H (phloem sap of EDTA-treated shoot)
Substance:

Nicotine (RF-0809-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Analytical method - additional description:

The aphid-stylet technique
Result unit:

Percent Area (G139A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.91
Internal remarks:

nicotine in phloem sap from shoots

Composition #19: KITAMURA, Y., YAMASHITA, R., MIURA, H., WATANABE, M. PHLOEM TRANSPORT OF TROPANE AND PYRIDINE ALKALOIDS IN DUBOISIA-MYOPOROIDES . journal of plant physiology, 1993, vol. 142, no. 5, p. 635–637. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Shoot (as part-nature) (A067T)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

CHCh: EtOH: 28 % NH40H (phloem sap of EDTA-treated shoot)
Substance:

Atropine (RF-00000246-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Analytical method - additional description:

The aphid-stylet technique
Result unit:

Percent Area (G139A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.25
Internal remarks:

atropine in phloem sap from shoots

Composition #20: KITAMURA, Y., YAMASHITA, R., MIURA, H., WATANABE, M. PHLOEM TRANSPORT OF TROPANE AND PYRIDINE ALKALOIDS IN DUBOISIA-MYOPOROIDES . journal of plant physiology, 1993, vol. 142, no. 5, p. 635–637. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Shoot (as part-nature) (A067T)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

CHCh: EtOH: 28 % NH40H (phloem sap of EDTA-treated shoot)
Substance:

anabasine (RF-00003682-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Analytical method - additional description:

The aphid-stylet technique
Result unit:

Percent Area (G139A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.56
Internal remarks:

anabasine in phloem sap from shoots

Composition #21: KITAMURA, Y., YAMASHITA, R., MIURA, H., WATANABE, M. PHLOEM TRANSPORT OF TROPANE AND PYRIDINE ALKALOIDS IN DUBOISIA-MYOPOROIDES . journal of plant physiology, 1993, vol. 142, no. 5, p. 635–637. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Shoot (as part-nature) (A067T)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

CHCh: EtOH: 28 % NH40H (phloem sap of EDTA-treated shoot)
Substance:

Scopolamine (RF-00000248-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Analytical method - additional description:

The aphid-stylet technique
Result unit:

Percent Area (G139A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.70
Internal remarks:

scopolamine in phloem sap from shoots

Composition #22: Fliniaux, MA., GilletManceau, F., Marty, D., Macek, T., Monti, JP., JacquinDubreuil, A. Evaluation of the relation between the endogenous scopoletin and scopolin level of some solanaceous and papaver cell suspensions and their ability to bioconvert scopoletin to scopolin . plant science, 1997, vol. 123, no. 1-2, p. 205–210. DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9452(96)04596-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Scopolin (RF-00010995-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

RP-HPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.1
Internal remarks:

scopolin in aerial parts

Composition #23: Fliniaux, MA., GilletManceau, F., Marty, D., Macek, T., Monti, JP., JacquinDubreuil, A. Evaluation of the relation between the endogenous scopoletin and scopolin level of some solanaceous and papaver cell suspensions and their ability to bioconvert scopoletin to scopolin . plant science, 1997, vol. 123, no. 1-2, p. 205–210. DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9452(96)04596-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

scopoletin (RF-00004048-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

RP-HPLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

scopoletin in aerial parts

Composition #24: Fliniaux, MA., GilletManceau, F., Marty, D., Macek, T., Monti, JP., JacquinDubreuil, A. Evaluation of the relation between the endogenous scopoletin and scopolin level of some solanaceous and papaver cell suspensions and their ability to bioconvert scopoletin to scopolin . plant science, 1997, vol. 123, no. 1-2, p. 205–210. DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9452(96)04596-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Esculetin (RF-00003667-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

RP-HPLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

esculetin in aerial parts

Endpoint study #1: Pellowe, Elizabeth., Poncia, Hugo D. M. Duboisia ingestion: An unusual cause of anticholinergic poisoning. emergency medicine australasia, 2013, vol. 25, no. 3, p. 268–270. DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.12067. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional plant/substance description:

(5 to 10 leaves consumed)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

24.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Hour (G099A)
Number of organisms dosed:

5
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Effect description:

anticholinergic toxidrome (mydriasis, conjunctival plethora, tachycardia, dry mouth and skin, flushing, hyperthermia, urinary retention, visual hallucinations, somnolence, confusion, agitation and tremor)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

behaviour (CHD001BE)
Internal remarks:

anticholinergic toxidrome (following the consumption of 5 to 10 leaves)