EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott. // Polypodium filix-mas L.

Family:: Dryopteridaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 539
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: phloroglucinol derivatives #2: filixic acid PBP from rhizoma #3: saponins #4: tannins #5: Alkaloids (indole, piperidine, pyridine, pyrrolidine, pyrrolizidine, quinazoline, tropane) in aerial parts

Endpoint Studies

#1: blindness #2: mortality #3: disturbance of the digestive system

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Takki, Seppo. Content of some phloroglucinol derivatives in fern extracts. annales medicinae experimentalis et biologiae fenniae, 1967, vol. 45, no. 3, p. 333–40. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

with Mg, Ca, and Ba salts
Substance:

phloroglucinol derivatives (RF-00004380-PAR)
Additional substance description:

albaspidin, aspidinol, aspidin, desaspidin, filixic acid, and flavaspidic acid
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

thin-layer chromatography
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

phloroglucinol derivatives

Composition #2: Katekhaye, S. D., Shinde, P. B., Laddha, K. S. Isolation and HPLC method development for filixic acid PBP from Dryopteris filix-mas. international journal of phytopharmacy, 2011, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 1–7. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

phloroglucinol derivatives (RF-00004380-PAR)
Additional substance description:

filixic acid PBP
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

ms, uv, ir
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

filixic acid PBP from rhizoma

Composition #3: Patil, D. T., Gurav, K. D., Kadam, A. S., Thite, S. V., Thoke, R. B., Kore, B. A. Qualitative analysis of secondary metabolites from some filicales members. international journal of research in pharmacy and chemistry, 2013, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 300–302. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water dissolution
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

saponins

Composition #4: Patil, D. T., Gurav, K. D., Kadam, A. S., Thite, S. V., Thoke, R. B., Kore, B. A. Qualitative analysis of secondary metabolites from some filicales members. international journal of research in pharmacy and chemistry, 2013, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 300–302. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water dissolution
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tannins

Composition #5: Nardin, Tiziana., Piasentier, Edi., Barnaba, Chiara., Larcher, Roberto. Targeted and untargeted profiling of alkaloids in herbal extracts using online solid-phase extraction and high-resolution mass spectrometry (Q-Orbitrap) . journal of mass spectrometry, 2016, vol. 51, no. 9, p. 729–741. DOI: 10.1002/jms.3838. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

H2O/MeOH/FA; 44.5:44.5:1 v/v/v
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

indole, piperidine, pyridine, pyrrolidine, pyrrolizidine, quinazoline, tropane
Analytical method code:

UHPLC-MS-MS (F608A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Targeted and untargeted profiling of alkaloids
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids (indole, piperidine, pyridine, pyrrolidine, pyrrolizidine, quinazoline, tropane) in aerial parts

Endpoint study #1: Alm Torbjorn. Fern rhizomes as fodder in Norway. journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine, 2016, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 37. . [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Effect description:

ingestion of the apical buds of the rhizomes may cause blindness
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

no data (CHD002BE)
Internal remarks:

blindness

Endpoint study #2: Alm Torbjorn. Fern rhizomes as fodder in Norway. journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine, 2016, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 37. . [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Effect description:

ingestion of the apical buds of the rhizomes may cause death
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

mortality

Endpoint study #3: Alm Torbjorn. Fern rhizomes as fodder in Norway. journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine, 2016, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 37. . [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Effect description:

ingestion of the apical buds of the rhizomes may cause severe disturbance of the digestive system
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

no data (CHD002BE)
Internal remarks:

disturbance of the digestive system