Draft - work in progress
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- Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn // Scilla maritima L. // Urginea maritima (L.) Baker
Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn // Scilla maritima L. // Urginea maritima (L.) Baker
- Family:
- Asparagaceae
- Approval state:
- Approved
- Number of articles retrieved:
- 305
- Number of processed references:
- 6
Composition #1: Garcia Casado, P., Renedo, M. J., Fernandez, M., Vega, F. A. Proscillaridin A yield from Squill bulbs. pharmaceutica acta helvetiae, 1977, vol. 52, no. 9, p. 218–21. .
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Plant part:
Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
85% EtOH ext. of colcite hexaploid
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Substance:
scillaren A (RF-00003574-PAR)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Scillaren A in bulb
Composition #2: Garcia Casado, P., Renedo, M. J., Fernandez, M., Vega, F. A. Proscillaridin A yield from Squill bulbs. pharmaceutica acta helvetiae, 1977, vol. 52, no. 9, p. 218–21. .
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Plant part:
Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
85% EtOH ext. of colcite hexaploid
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Substance:
proscillaridin A (RF-00003552-PAR)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Proscillardin A in bulb
Composition #3: El-Seedi, Hesham R., Burman, Robert., Mansour, Ahmed., Turki, Zaki., Boulos, Loutfy., Gullbo, Joachim., Goransson, Ulf. The traditional medical uses and cytotoxic activities of sixty-one Egyptian plants: Discovery of an active cardiac glycoside from Urginea maritima . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2013, vol. 145, no. 3, p. 746–757. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.007.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
MeOH extract
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Substance:
proscillaridin A (RF-00003552-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
cardiac glycosides - Bufadienolide = proscillaridin A
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Analytical method code:
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Bufadienolide = proscillaridin A
Endpoint study
#1: Radomski, Jack L., Woodard, Geoffrey. Present status of red squill as a rodenticide. journal of the american pharmaceutical association, scientific edition, 1946, vol. 35, p. 289–95. .
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Study relevance:
Human health
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Substance:
glucoside scillaine (or scillitoxin) (RF-00003409-PAR)
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Plant part:
Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
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Type of toxicological test:
acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
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Tested organism:
Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
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Route of exposure:
ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
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Unit of exposure duration:
single (food/feed) (G203A)
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Number of organisms dosed:
10
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Endpoint measured:
Lethal dose rate in 50% of experimental organisms (CHD029EP)
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Concentration unit:
Milligram/gram (G060A)
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Effect concentration:
87-2818
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Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
mortality (CHD010BE)
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Internal remarks:
LD50 MALE/FEMALE RATIO
Endpoint study
#2: O'connor, M.G., Buck, R.E., Fellers, C.R. Red Squill Investigations Properties, Toxicity, and Palatability of Red Squill and Powder Baits to Rats. industrial and engineering chemistry, 1935, vol. 27, no. 11, p. 1377–1380. DOI: 10.1021/ie50311a035.
[
DOI link]
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Study relevance:
Human health
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Plant part:
Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
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Preparation/Extraction method:
Powder (A06JD)
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Type of toxicological test:
acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
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Tested organism:
Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
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Endpoint measured:
Minimum lethal dose (CHD077EP)
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Concentration unit:
Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
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Effect concentration:
460-825
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Critical effect:
SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
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Effect description:
lethal
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Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
mortality (CHD010BE)
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Internal remarks:
bulb powder - lethal for rats
Endpoint study
#3: Gwatkin, R., Plummer, P J. Toxicity of Red Squill for Swine and Rats.. canadian journal of comparative medicine and veterinary science, 1943, vol. 7, no. 8, p. 244–9. .
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Study relevance:
Animal (target species) health
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Plant part:
Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
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Preparation/Extraction method:
Powder (A06JD)
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Type of toxicological test:
case report (CHD060TT)
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Tested organism:
Pig (as animal) (A057F)
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Route of exposure:
ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
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Control groups used:
no data
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Endpoint measured:
Lowest lethal dose (CHD025EP)
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Concentration unit:
Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
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Effect concentration:
300
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Critical effect:
Digestive (TOX18A)
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Effect description:
severe damage in the other stomach and intestines
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Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
mortality (CHD010BE)
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Internal remarks:
bulb powder - lethal for pigs
Endpoint study
#4: TUNCOK, Y., KOZAN, O., CAVDAR, C., GUVEN, H., FOWLER, J. URGINEA MARITIMA (SQUILL) TOXICITY. journal of toxicology-clinical toxicology, 1995, vol. 33, no. 1, p. 83–86. .
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Study relevance:
Human health
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Substance:
digoxin (RF-00003779-PAR)
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Plant part:
Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
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Type of toxicological test:
case report (CHD060TT)
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Tested organism:
Human (as organism) (A056J)
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Route of exposure:
ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
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Unit of exposure duration:
Day and person (G135A)
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Number of organisms dosed:
1
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Endpoint measured:
Concentration level (CHD013EP)
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Concentration unit:
Gram/litre (G016A)
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Effect concentration:
0.00000159
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Critical effect:
SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
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Target tissue:
Cardiovascular / Haematological (TT001A)
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Effect description:
marked hyperkalemia, conduction abnormalities and ventricular arrhythmias
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Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
neurology (CHD027BE)
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Internal remarks:
marked hyperkalemia, conduction abnormalities and ventricular arrhythmias
