EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Dioscorea villosa L.

Family:: Dioscoreaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 202
Number of processed references:: 7

Compositions

#1: saponins #2: oxalates #3: alkaloids #4: alkaloids - tuber #5: saponins - tuber #6: tannins - tuber #7: steroidal glycoside - Spirostanol Glycoside in roots #8: dioscin - derivates #9: dioscin - roots #10: Steroidal Saponins in roots #11: triterpene saponins - root

Endpoint Studies

#1: pro-fibrotic effects in the kidney

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Okukpe, K.M., Adeloye, A.A., Belewu, M.A., Alii, O.I., Adeyina, O.A., Annongu, A.A. Investigation of phytohormonal potential of some selected tropical plants. research journal of medicinal plant, 2012, vol. 6, no. 6, p. 425–432. DOI: 10.3923/rjmp.2012.425.432. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

45.56
Internal remarks:

saponins

Composition #2: Okukpe, K.M., Adeloye, A.A., Belewu, M.A., Alii, O.I., Adeyina, O.A., Annongu, A.A. Investigation of phytohormonal potential of some selected tropical plants. research journal of medicinal plant, 2012, vol. 6, no. 6, p. 425–432. DOI: 10.3923/rjmp.2012.425.432. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Substance:

Oxalates (RF-00004308-PAR)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

16.28
Internal remarks:

oxalates

Composition #3: Okukpe, K.M., Adeloye, A.A., Belewu, M.A., Alii, O.I., Adeyina, O.A., Annongu, A.A. Investigation of phytohormonal potential of some selected tropical plants. research journal of medicinal plant, 2012, vol. 6, no. 6, p. 425–432. DOI: 10.3923/rjmp.2012.425.432. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

13.4
Internal remarks:

alkaloids

Composition #4: Roy, A., Geetha, R.V. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract of Dioscorea villosa tubers and estimation of diosgenin by HPTLC technique. international journal of drug development and research, 2013, vol. 5, no. 3, p. 377–381. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanolic extract of Dioscorea villosa tubers
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

PTA precipitation (F637A)
Analytical method - additional description:

raggendroff’s reagent
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids - tuber

Composition #5: Roy, A., Geetha, R.V. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract of Dioscorea villosa tubers and estimation of diosgenin by HPTLC technique. international journal of drug development and research, 2013, vol. 5, no. 3, p. 377–381. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanolic extract of Dioscorea villosa tubers
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

PTA precipitation (F637A)
Analytical method - additional description:

mixed with basic lead acetate solution. Formation of orange red precipitate
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

saponins - tuber

Composition #6: Roy, A., Geetha, R.V. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract of Dioscorea villosa tubers and estimation of diosgenin by HPTLC technique. international journal of drug development and research, 2013, vol. 5, no. 3, p. 377–381. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanolic extract of Dioscorea villosa tubers
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

PTA precipitation (F637A)
Analytical method - additional description:

mixed with basic lead acetate solution. Formation of orange red precipitate
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tannins - tuber

Composition #7: Chao-Chin Hu., Jau-Tien Lin., Shih-Chuan Liu., Deng-Jye Yang. A spirostanol glycoside from wild yam (Dioscorea villosa) extract and its cytostatic activity on three cancer cells . journal of food and drug analysis, 2007, vol. 15, no. 3, p. 310–315. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

dissolved in 55-60% alcohol
Substance:

steroidal glycosides (RF-00011482-PAR)
Additional substance description:

spirostanol glycoside, (25R)-spirost-5-en-3β-ol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl -(1→2)-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-Dglucopyranoside,
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

LC-MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

steroidal glycoside - Spirostanol Glycoside in roots

Composition #8: Yoon, Kee Dong., Kim, Jinwoong. Preparative separation of dioscin derivatives from Dioscorea villosa by centrifugal partition chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection . journal of separation science, 2008, vol. 31, no. 13, p. 2486–2491. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800136. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

D. villosa (50 g) was grounded to fine powder, andextracted with methanol (1500 mL
Substance:

dioscin (RF-00003782-PAR)
Additional substance description:

dioscin derivates - prosapogenin A of dioscin (11.1 mg), ,deltonin (29.2 mg), diosgenin 3-O-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl]-[b-D-glucopyranosyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl]-b-D-glucopyranoside(6.2 mg)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

ESI-MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

dioscin - derivates

Composition #9: Yoon, Kee Dong., Kim, Jinwoong. Preparative separation of dioscin derivatives from Dioscorea villosa by centrifugal partition chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection . journal of separation science, 2008, vol. 31, no. 13, p. 2486–2491. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800136. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

D. villosa (50 g) was grounded to fine powder, andextracted with methanol 1500 mL
Substance:

dioscin (RF-00003782-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

ESI-MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

dioscin - roots

Composition #10: Yoon, Kee Dong., Chin, Young-Won., Yang, Min Hye., Choi, Janggyoo., Kim, Jinwoong. Application of High-speed Countercurrent Chromatography-Evaporative Light Scattering Detection for the Separation of Seven Steroidal Saponins from Dioscorea villosa . phytochemical analysis, 2012, vol. 23, no. 5, p. 462–468. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2342. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

The dried and pulverised rhizomes of D. villosa (400 g) were extracted with methanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Additional substance description:

furostanol saponins parvifloside, methyl protodeltonin, trigofoenoside A-1, four spirostanol saponins Zingiberensis saponin I, deltonin, dioscin, prosapogenin
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

1H-NMR, 13 C-NMR,ESI-MS and HPLC analysis
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Steroidal Saponins in roots

Composition #11: Avula, Bharathi., Wang, Yan-Hong., Ali, Zulfiqar., Smillie, Troy J., Khan, Ikhlas A. Chemical fingerprint analysis and quantitative determination of steroidal compounds from Dioscorea villosa, Dioscorea species and dietary supplements using UHPLC-ELSD . biomedical chromatography, 2014, vol. 28, no. 2, p. 281–294. DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Triterpene saponins Triterpene saponins (RF-00004338-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Parvifloside 1.67%, protodeltonin 2.83%, protobioside 0.23%, huangjiangsu A 1.09%, pseudoprotodioscin 0.05%, 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-... 0.12%, zingiberensis saponin 0.52%, deltonin 0.67%, progenin III 0.11% and diosgenin 0.03%
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UHPLC-ELSD
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

7.27
Internal remarks:

triterpene saponins - root

Endpoint study #1: Wojcikowsi, Ken., Wohlmuth, Hans., Johnson, David W., Gobe, Glenda. Dioscorea villosa (wild yam) induces chronic kidney injury via pro-fibrotic pathways . food and chemical toxicology, 2008, vol. 46, no. 9, p. 3122–3131. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.06.090. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

extracted with ethanol
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

28.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

24
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEPHROTOXICITY (TOX03A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Kidneys (TT046A)
Effect description:

pro-fibrotic to the rat kidney
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

pro-fibrotic effects in the kidney