EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Dioscorea hispida Dennst.

Family:: Dioscoreaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 145
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: dioscorine in tubers #2: Dioscin in rhizomes

Endpoint Studies

#1: intoxication with root (itching sensation) #2: histopathological changes: necrosis, cholestasis and phospholipodisis #3: Toxic symptoms occur and include palpitation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, sweating, blurred vission, tachycardia and syncope. Hallucination and seizure can also develop

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Sasiwatpaisit, N., Thitikornpong, W., Palanuvej, C., Ruangrungsi, N. Dioscorine content in Dioscorea hispida dried tubers in Thailand by TLC-densitometry and TLC image analysis. journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research, 2014, vol. 6, no. 4, p. 803–806. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol 95%
Substance:

dioscorine (RF-00003783-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.66-0.72
Internal remarks:

dioscorine in tubers

Composition #2: Faradianna Lokman, Ezarul., Muhammad, Hussin., Awang, Norizah., Hasyima Omar, Maizatul., Mansor, Fazliana., Saparuddin, Fatin. Gene Expression Profiling associated with Hepatoxicity in Pregnant Rats treated with Ubi Gadong (Dioscorea hispida) Extract. . international journal of biomedical science : ijbs, 2017, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 26–34. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water
Substance:

dioscin (RF-00003782-PAR)
Analytical method code:

UHPLC-MS-MS (F608A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Dioscin in rhizomes

Endpoint study #1: Joob, B., Wiwanitkit, V. Asiatic bitter yam intoxication. asian pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2014, vol. 4, p. S42. DOI: 10.12980/APJTB.4.2014C429. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

IRRITATION (TOX11A)
Target tissue:

Skin/subcutis (TT056A)
Effect description:

intoxication (itching sensation)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

immunology (CHD026BE)
Internal remarks:

intoxication with root (itching sensation)

Endpoint study #2: Faradianna Lokman, Ezarul., Muhammad, Hussin., Awang, Norizah., Hasyima Omar, Maizatul., Mansor, Fazliana., Saparuddin, Fatin. Gene Expression Profiling associated with Hepatoxicity in Pregnant Rats treated with Ubi Gadong (Dioscorea hispida) Extract. . international journal of biomedical science : ijbs, 2017, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 26–34. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

dioscin (RF-00003782-PAR)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

distilled water
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Sprague-Dawley (CHD012ST)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

15.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

3
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

2000
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

necrosis, cholestasis and phospholipodisis
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

histopathological changes: necrosis, cholestasis and phospholipodisis

Endpoint study #3: Pochanugool, C., Chaiyabutr, N., Sitprija, V. Natural toxins in Thailand. journal of toxicology-toxin reviews, 1996, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 19–36. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

palpitation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, sweating, blurred vission, tachycardia, syncope
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

Carcinogenic (CHD036BE)
Internal remarks:

Toxic symptoms occur and include palpitation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, sweating, blurred vission, tachycardia and syncope. Hallucination and seizure can also develop