EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Dioscorea bulbifera L.

Family:: Dioscoreaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 779
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: Oxalates (fleshy part) #2: Alkaloids (fleshy part) #3: saponins (fleshy part) #4: Cyanogens (tubers) #5: saponins (dried herb)

Endpoint Studies

#1: DBR- induced liver damage in rats #2: DB rhizome can significantly induce liver injury, and is gender-dependent. #3: hepatocyte vacuolation, chronic inflammatory, and blood serum changes for 60 days

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Ogbuagu, M. N. Nutritive and anti-nutritive composition of the wild (in-edible) species of Dioscorea bulbifera (potato yam) and Dioscorea dumetorum (bitter yam). journal of food technology (faisalabad, pakistan), 2008, vol. 6, no. 5, p. 224–226. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ether
Substance:

Oxalates (RF-00004308-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.69-2.46
Internal remarks:

Oxalates (fleshy part)

Composition #2: Ogbuagu, M. N. Nutritive and anti-nutritive composition of the wild (in-edible) species of Dioscorea bulbifera (potato yam) and Dioscorea dumetorum (bitter yam). journal of food technology (faisalabad, pakistan), 2008, vol. 6, no. 5, p. 224–226. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ether
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.26-0.98
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids (fleshy part)

Composition #3: Ogbuagu, M. N. Nutritive and anti-nutritive composition of the wild (in-edible) species of Dioscorea bulbifera (potato yam) and Dioscorea dumetorum (bitter yam). journal of food technology (faisalabad, pakistan), 2008, vol. 6, no. 5, p. 224–226. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ether
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

24.44-79.48
Internal remarks:

saponins (fleshy part)

Composition #4: Bhandari, MR., Kawabata, J. Bitterness and toxicity in wild yam (Dioscorea spp.) tubers of nepal. plant foods for human nutrition, 2005, vol. 60, no. 3, p. 129–135. DOI: 10.1007/s11130-005-6841-1. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Cyanogenic glycosides (RF-00004375-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Cyanogens
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

ppm (G288A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.3
Internal remarks:

Cyanogens (tubers)

Composition #5: Yang, Fan., Liang, Yuqiong., Xu, Li., Ji, Leilei., Yao, Nan., Liu, Ruonan., Shi, Le., Liang, Tao. Exploration in the cascade working mechanisms of liver injury induced by total saponins extracted from Rhizoma Dioscorea bulbifera . biomedicine & pharmacotherapy, 2016, vol. 83, p. 1048–1056. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.017. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Element spectroscopy (F051A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

82.04
Internal remarks:

saponins (dried herb)

Endpoint study #1: Zhao, Dong-Sheng., Jiang, Li-Long., Fan, Ya-Xi., Wang, Ling-Li., Li, Zhuo-Qing., Shi, Wei., Li, Ping., Li, Hui-Jun. Investigation of Dioscorea bulbifera rhizome-induced hepatotoxicity in rats by a multi-sample integrated metabolomics approach. . chemical research in toxicology, 2017 . DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00176. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

hepatocytes (CHD033ST)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

18
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Effect concentration:

1.8-18
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

DBR- induced liver damage
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

DBR- induced liver damage in rats

Endpoint study #2: Wang, Junming., Liang, Qingning., Ji, Lili., Liu, Hai., Wang, Changhong., Wang, Zhengtao. Gender-related difference in liver injury induced by Dioscorea bulbifera L. rhizome in mice . human & experimental toxicology, 2011, vol. 30, no. 9, p. 1333–1341. DOI: 10.1177/0960327110389926. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

hepatocytes (CHD033ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

12.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Hour (G099A)
Number of organisms dosed:

32
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Effect concentration:

640
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

DB can induce gender-related liver oxidative stress injury in mice, and its main hepatotoxic chemical compound is Diosbulbin B
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

DB rhizome can significantly induce liver injury, and is gender-dependent.

Endpoint study #3: Yang, Fan., Liang, Yuqiong., Xu, Li., Ji, Leilei., Yao, Nan., Liu, Ruonan., Shi, Le., Liang, Tao. Exploration in the cascade working mechanisms of liver injury induced by total saponins extracted from Rhizoma Dioscorea bulbifera . biomedicine & pharmacotherapy, 2016, vol. 83, p. 1048–1056. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.017. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water
Type of toxicological test:

subchronic (CHD013TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

60.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

200
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

30
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

Histological analysis revealed hepatocyte vacuolation, chronic inflammatory changes and congestion in hepatic sinusoids, blood serum changes occurred.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology neoplastic (CHD024BE)
Internal remarks:

hepatocyte vacuolation, chronic inflammatory, and blood serum changes for 60 days