EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Digitalis grandiflora Mill. // Digitalis ambigua Murray

Family:: Plantaginaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 88
Number of processed references:: 10

Compositions

#1: Lanatosides (A, B, and C) #2: Cardenolides (leaves) #3: Cardenolides #4: Anthraquinones (root) #5: Phenylpropanoids (leaves) #6: Digitoxin (leaves) #7: Digoxin (leaves) #8: Gitoxin (leaves) #9: Cardenolide glycosides (seeds) #10: Strospesid (seeds) #11: Digitoxin (seeds) #12: Gitoxin (seeds) #13: Cardiac glycosides (leaves) #14: Lanatoside A (leaves) #15: Cardiac glycosides (leaves) #16: lanatoside A #17: lanatoside B

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Shchelokova, L. G., Glumov, G. A., Garbuzova, V. M. Content of lanatosides A, B, and C, in Digitalis grandiflora in the cis-Urals. rastitel'nye resursy, 1975, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 358–62. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

lanatoside A (RF-00003894-PAR)
Additional substance description:

lanatosides A, B, and C. (the concentration values quoted are as mg% - multiplied x10 here to convert to mg/g)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.35
Internal remarks:

Lanatosides (A, B, and C)

Composition #2: Grinkevich, N. I., Sorokina, A. A., Kucherov, E. V. Cardiac glycoside and trace element content of Digitalis grandiflora Mill. growing in Bashkiria. rastitel'nye resursy, 1981, vol. 17, no. 3, p. 406–10. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

cardenolides (RF-00004389-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.2-0.61
Internal remarks:

Cardenolides (leaves)

Composition #3: Imre, Zeliha., Yurdun, Turkan., Cone, Huseyin. Quantitative glucoside composition of the leaves of Turkish Digitalis species. journal of faculty of pharmacy of istanbul university, 1981, vol. 17, p. 215–28. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

cardenolides (RF-00004389-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC, colorimetry
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.3
Internal remarks:

Cardenolides

Composition #4: Ertürk, S., Imre, S. Anthraquinones from the roots of digitalis grandiflora. acta pharmaceutica turcica, 2001, vol. 43, no. 2, p. 73–75. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol 96%
Substance:

anthraquinones (RF-00004343-PAR)
Additional substance description:

digitopurpone, pachybasin, digitolutein, digiferrol, Ziganein and other 10 anthraquinones
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

mp, TLC, UV, IR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Anthraquinones (root)

Composition #5: Baudouin, G., Skaltsounis, A L., Tillequin, F., Koch, M. Lugrandoside: a new phenylpropanoid glycoside from various digitalis species. . planta medica, 1988, vol. 54, no. 4, p. 321–3. DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-962445. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

phenylpropanoids (RF-00004367-PAR)
Additional substance description:

lugrandoside
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Phenylpropanoids (leaves)

Composition #6: FIEDLER, KR., GISVOLD, O. A PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF DIGITALIS-GRANDIFLORA. journal of the american pharmaceutical association, 1957, vol. 46, no. 5, p. 317–320. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol 10%, ether
Substance:

digitoxin (RF-00003778-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Digitoxin - including digitoxigenin, alpha-acetyl digitoxin, beta-acetyl digitoxin
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Digitoxin (leaves)

Composition #7: FIEDLER, KR., GISVOLD, O. A PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF DIGITALIS-GRANDIFLORA. journal of the american pharmaceutical association, 1957, vol. 46, no. 5, p. 317–320. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol 10%, ether
Substance:

digoxin (RF-00003779-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Digoxin - including digoxigenin, alpha-acetyl digoxin, beta-acetyl digoxin
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Digoxin (leaves)

Composition #8: FIEDLER, KR., GISVOLD, O. A PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF DIGITALIS-GRANDIFLORA. journal of the american pharmaceutical association, 1957, vol. 46, no. 5, p. 317–320. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol 10%, ether
Substance:

gitoxin (RF-00003835-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Gitoxin - including gitoxigenin, lanatoside C, digilanide A
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Gitoxin (leaves)

Composition #9: ULUBELEN, A. PRELIMINARY STUDIES EXTRACTION OF GLYCOSIDES FROM DIGITALIS GRANDIFLORA SEEDS . journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 1964, vol. 53, no. 9, p. 1123–&. DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600530935. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum ether
Substance:

cardenolide glycosides cardenolide glycosides (RF-00004348-PAR)
Additional substance description:

purpurea glycoside A and B
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Cardenolide glycosides (seeds)

Composition #10: ULUBELEN, A. PRELIMINARY STUDIES EXTRACTION OF GLYCOSIDES FROM DIGITALIS GRANDIFLORA SEEDS . journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 1964, vol. 53, no. 9, p. 1123–&. DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600530935. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum ether
Substance:

strospeside (RF-00004066-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Strospesid (seeds)

Composition #11: ULUBELEN, A. PRELIMINARY STUDIES EXTRACTION OF GLYCOSIDES FROM DIGITALIS GRANDIFLORA SEEDS . journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 1964, vol. 53, no. 9, p. 1123–&. DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600530935. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum ether
Substance:

digitoxin (RF-00003778-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Digitoxin (seeds)

Composition #12: ULUBELEN, A. PRELIMINARY STUDIES EXTRACTION OF GLYCOSIDES FROM DIGITALIS GRANDIFLORA SEEDS . journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 1964, vol. 53, no. 9, p. 1123–&. DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600530935. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum ether
Substance:

gitoxin (RF-00003835-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Gitoxin (seeds)

Composition #13: CALCANDI, V., CALCANDI, I., LUNGEANU, I. LANATOSID A HAUPTGLYKOSID DER BLATTER VON DIGITALIS GRANDIFLORA MILL. naturwissenschaften, 1964, vol. 51, no. 10, p. 243–&. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol (70%)
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Total cardiac glycosides in leaves
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.400-0.535
Internal remarks:

Cardiac glycosides (leaves)

Composition #14: CALCANDI, V., CALCANDI, I., LUNGEANU, I. LANATOSID A HAUPTGLYKOSID DER BLATTER VON DIGITALIS GRANDIFLORA MILL. naturwissenschaften, 1964, vol. 51, no. 10, p. 243–&. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol (70%)
Substance:

lanatoside A (RF-00003894-PAR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.130-0.275
Internal remarks:

Lanatoside A (leaves)

Composition #15: LETCHAMO, W. EFFECT OF TRACE-ELEMENTS ON CARDIAC-GLYCOSIDES ACCUMULATION IN DIGITALIS-GRANDIFLORA . planta medica, 1986, no. 5, p. 421–421. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.22-0.388
Internal remarks:

Cardiac glycosides (leaves)

Composition #16: FUJII, Y., IKEDA, Y., YAMAZAKI, M. HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF LANATOSIDES IN DIGITALIS-LUTEA AND DIGITALIS-AMBIGUA LEAVES . journal of liquid chromatography, 1994, vol. 17, no. 20, p. 4451–4461. DOI: 10.1080/10826079408013629. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

chloroform:ethanol (1:2, v/v)
Substance:

lanatoside A (RF-00003894-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC, TLC
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

74.2-80.2
Internal remarks:

lanatoside A

Composition #17: FUJII, Y., IKEDA, Y., YAMAZAKI, M. HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF LANATOSIDES IN DIGITALIS-LUTEA AND DIGITALIS-AMBIGUA LEAVES . journal of liquid chromatography, 1994, vol. 17, no. 20, p. 4451–4461. DOI: 10.1080/10826079408013629. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

chloroform:ethanol (1:2, v/v)
Substance:

lanatoside B (RF-00003895-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC, TLC
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

43.2-44.0
Internal remarks:

lanatoside B