EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Digitalis ferruginea L.

Family:: Plantaginaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 59
Number of processed references:: 7

Compositions

#1: anthraquinones in leaves #2: The saponoside content in seeds #3: total % of lanatosides (EtOAc extract) #4: total % of lanatosides (methanol extract) #5: cardiac glycosides in aerial parts #6: p-coumaric acid in leaves #7: cardiac glycosides in seeds #8: digitoxin in leaves #9: digoxin in leaves

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

#1: significant DNA damage compared to the negative control group (COMET assay)

Composition #1: Imre, S., Tulus, R., Sengun, I. Flavone and anthraquinone dyes of the digitalis type. IV. Two new anthraquinone compounds from Digitalis ferruginea. tetrahedron letters, 1971, vol. (48), p. 4681–3. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

anthraquinones (RF-00004343-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Digiferrol and ferruginol
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR, uv, and ir spectra
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

anthraquinones in leaves

Composition #2: Bylka, Wieslawa., Ellnain-Wojtaszek, Maria., Kowalewski, Zdzislaw., Skrzypczakowa, Lutoslawa. Digitonin content in seeds of some species of the Digitalis genus. herba polonica, 1976, vol. 22(3-4), p. 239–42. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

saponin glycosides saponin glycosides (RF-00004318-PAR)
Additional substance description:

saponoside
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.89
Internal remarks:

The saponoside content in seeds

Composition #3: Dordevic, Sinisa., Stankovic, Mihajlo., Stankovic, Slobodan., Stojanovic, Ostoja. Possibility of preparative of pure glycosides from ferruginous digitalis extraction (Digitalis ferruginea L.) leaves. hemijska industrija, 1980, vol. 34, no. 12, p. 340–6. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOAc
Substance:

cardenolides (RF-00004389-PAR)
Additional substance description:

lanatosides
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

19-24
Internal remarks:

total % of lanatosides (EtOAc extract)

Composition #4: Dordevic, Sinisa., Stankovic, Mihajlo., Stankovic, Slobodan., Stojanovic, Ostoja. Possibility of preparative of pure glycosides from ferruginous digitalis extraction (Digitalis ferruginea L.) leaves. hemijska industrija, 1980, vol. 34, no. 12, p. 340–6. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol 70%
Substance:

cardenolides (RF-00004389-PAR)
Additional substance description:

lanatosides A, B and C
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

40-62
Internal remarks:

total % of lanatosides (methanol extract)

Composition #5: Calis, I., Akbay, P., Kuruuzum, A., Yalcin, FN., Sahin, P., Pauli, GF. Phenylethanoid and cardioactive glycosides from Digitalis ferruginea. pharmazie, 1999, vol. 54, no. 12, p. 926–930. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH H2O (4:1)
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Lanoside A, C and glucogitoroside
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

cardiac glycosides in aerial parts

Composition #6: Katanic, J., Ceylan, R., Matic, S., Boroja, T., Zengin, G., Aktumsek, A., Mihailovic, V., Stanic, S. Novel perspectives on two Digitalis species: Phenolic profile, bioactivity, enzyme inhibition, and toxicological evaluation . south african journal of botany, 2017, vol. 109, p. 50–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2016.12.004. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

p-coumaric acid (RF-00010717-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

RPHPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.24
Internal remarks:

p-coumaric acid in leaves

Composition #7: ULUBELEN, A. PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION AND COLORIMETRIC ESTIMATION OF GLYCOSIDES OF DIGITALIS FERRUGINEA SEEDS . journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 1962, vol. 51, no. 1, p. 62–&. DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600510111. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Digitoxin, gitoxin, digoxin, digilanide A, B and C
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

paper chromatographic techniques and estimated colorimetrically with alkaline 3,5‐dinitrobenzoic acid.
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

cardiac glycosides in seeds

Composition #8: HAGIMORI, M., MATSUMOTO, T., KISAKI, T. STUDIES ON THE PRODUCTION OF DIGITALIS CARDENOLIDES BY PLANT-TISSUE CULTURE .1. DETERMINATION OF DIGITOXIN AND DIGOXIN CONTENTS IN 1ST AND 2ND PASSAGE CALLI AND ORGAN RE-DIFFERENTIATING CALLI OF SEVERAL DIGITALIS SPECIES BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY . plant and cell physiology, 1980, vol. 21, no. 8, p. 1391–1404. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol 80%
Substance:

digitoxin (RF-00003778-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Radio Immunoassay Tests (RIA) (F078A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

260
Internal remarks:

digitoxin in leaves

Composition #9: HAGIMORI, M., MATSUMOTO, T., KISAKI, T. STUDIES ON THE PRODUCTION OF DIGITALIS CARDENOLIDES BY PLANT-TISSUE CULTURE .1. DETERMINATION OF DIGITOXIN AND DIGOXIN CONTENTS IN 1ST AND 2ND PASSAGE CALLI AND ORGAN RE-DIFFERENTIATING CALLI OF SEVERAL DIGITALIS SPECIES BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY . plant and cell physiology, 1980, vol. 21, no. 8, p. 1391–1404. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol 80%
Substance:

digoxin (RF-00003779-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Radio Immunoassay Tests (RIA) (F078A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

22
Internal remarks:

digoxin in leaves

Genotox #1: Katanic, J., Ceylan, R., Matic, S., Boroja, T., Zengin, G., Aktumsek, A., Mihailovic, V., Stanic, S. Novel perspectives on two Digitalis species: Phenolic profile, bioactivity, enzyme inhibition, and toxicological evaluation . south african journal of botany, 2017, vol. 109, p. 50–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2016.12.004. [DOI link]

Study category:

Genotoxicity
Type of toxicological test:

somatic mutation assay in Drosophila (CHD045TT)
Method type:

in vivo
Guideline used:

No guideline followed
Tested organism:

Drosophila melanogaster (as animal) (A0CMC)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration for in vivo:

24.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Hour (G099A)
Control groups used:

yes, plain diet
Endpoint measured:

DNA damage and/or repair
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

D. ferruginea methanol extract positive at dose level 40 and 80 mg/ml (COMET assay)
Internal remarks:

significant DNA damage compared to the negative control group (COMET assay)
Internal ID:

WOS:000400465400007