EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth.

Family:: Fabaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 260
Number of processed references:: 7

Compositions

#1: Rotenone (root) #2: Rotenone (root) #3: Deguelin #4: Rotenone #5: Isoflavones (root) #6: Rotenoids (root) #7: Rotenone in roots #8: Rotenoids (resin) #9: Tephrosin (root) #10: Rotenone (root)

Endpoint Studies

#1: Reduced body weight and mortality in rabbits #2: Reduced growth/body weight gain in dogs (pups) #3: Reduced growth and mortality in rats #4: Liver effects in dogs #5: Liver effects in rats #6: Kidney effects in rats

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Takei, Sankichi. The constituents of Derris root. I. rikagaku kenkyusho iho, 1923, vol. 2, p. 485–96. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOH extraction
Substance:

Rotenone (RF-0387-001-PPP)
Additional substance description:

Rotenone is synonym of tubatoxin reported in roots of this plant
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.5-6
Internal remarks:

Rotenone (root)

Composition #2: Pagan, C., Hageman, R. H. The effect of root diameter on chemical and biotoxic constituents of derris. journal of agricultural research (washington, d. c.), 1949, vol. 78, p. 417–23. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Chloroform (CHCl3)
Substance:

Rotenone (RF-0387-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Analytical method - additional description:

"chemical analyses"
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.1-7.0
Internal remarks:

Rotenone (root)

Composition #3: Asib, Norhayu., Omar, Dzolkhifli., Awang, Rita Muhamad., Abdullah, Nur Ashikin Psyquay. Preparation, characterization and toxicity of nano-emulsion formulations of rotenone extract of Derris elliptica. journal of chemical, biological and physical sciences, 2015, vol. 5, no. 4, p. 3989–3997. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

deguelin (RF-00011249-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Deguelin

Composition #4: Asib, Norhayu., Omar, Dzolkhifli., Awang, Rita Muhamad., Abdullah, Nur Ashikin Psyquay. Preparation, characterization and toxicity of nano-emulsion formulations of rotenone extract of Derris elliptica. journal of chemical, biological and physical sciences, 2015, vol. 5, no. 4, p. 3989–3997. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Rotenone (RF-0387-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Rotenone

Composition #5: Lu Hai-Ying., Liang Jing-Yu., Yu Ping., Qu Wei., Zhao Ling. Isoflavones and their derivatives from the root of Derris elliptica (Roxb.) Benth. . chinese journal of natural medicines, 2008, vol. 6, no. 4, p. 265–267. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1009.2008.00265. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

85% ethanol
Substance:

isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
Additional substance description:

prunetin ; formononetin; pseudoboptigen; 3´-methoxydaidzein; genistein; daidzein; dihydrodaidzein; demethylvestitol
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

chromatography and structural analysis by NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Isoflavones (root)

Composition #6: Lu Hai-Ying., Liang Jing-Yu., Yu Ping., Chen Xue-Ying. Rotenoids from the Root of Derris elliptica (Roxb.) Benth. II. chinese journal of natural medicines, 2009, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 24–26. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1009.2009.00024. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

85% EtOH (12 kg air-dried roots total at start)
Substance:

rotenoids (RF-00010809-PAR)
Additional substance description:

12-deoxo-12a-acetoxyelliptone; (6aR, 12aR, 4´R, 5´S)-4´, 5´-dihydro-4´, 5´-dihydroxytephrosin; 6-hydroxy-6a, 12a-dehydrodeguelin; 6´-hydroxy-6a, 12a- dehy- drorotenone; 7´-hydroxy-6a, 12a-dehydrodeguelin; (-)-deguoic acid; -(-)-rotoic acid;
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also UV, IR, NMR specs
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Rotenoids (root)

Composition #7: Ambrose, A.M., Haag, H.B. Toxicological Studies o£ Derris: Chronic Toxicity of Derris. industrial and engineering chemistry, 1938, vol. 30, no. 5, p. 592–595. DOI: 10.1021/ie50341a023. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

carbon tetrachloride
Substance:

Rotenone (RF-0387-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9.6
Internal remarks:

Rotenone in roots

Composition #8: Zubairi, S.I., Sarmidi, M.R., Aziz, R.A. Bio-active constituents of rotenoids resin extracted from Derris elliptica roots: Comparison between local plant extract and SAPHYR (France) cube resin. advances in environmental biology, 2014, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 904–909. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

resin extracted from roots and stems in 95% acetone
Substance:

rotenoids (RF-00010809-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

20.66-20.74
Internal remarks:

Rotenoids (resin)

Composition #9: Zubairi, S.I., Sarmidi, M.R., Aziz, R.A. Bio-active constituents of rotenoids resin extracted from Derris elliptica roots: Comparison between local plant extract and SAPHYR (France) cube resin. advances in environmental biology, 2014, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 904–909. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

roots and stems extracted in 95% acetone
Substance:

rotenoids (RF-00010809-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Tephrosin
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.013-0.015
Internal remarks:

Tephrosin (root)

Composition #10: Zubairi, S.I., Sarmidi, M.R., Aziz, R.A. Bio-active constituents of rotenoids resin extracted from Derris elliptica roots: Comparison between local plant extract and SAPHYR (France) cube resin. advances in environmental biology, 2014, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 904–909. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

roots and stems extracted in 95% acetone
Substance:

Rotenone (RF-0387-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.38-1.42
Internal remarks:

Rotenone (root)

Endpoint study #1: Ambrose, A.M., Haag, H.B. Toxicological Studies o£ Derris: Chronic Toxicity of Derris. industrial and engineering chemistry, 1938, vol. 30, no. 5, p. 592–595. DOI: 10.1021/ie50341a023. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Substance:

Rotenone (RF-0387-001-PPP)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Additional plant/substance description:

Test material orally administered was water suspension of the ground root that contained 9.6% rotenone.
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rabbit (as animal) (A057T)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

30.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

3
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

60-100
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

Decreased food consumption, reduced body weight, mortality in 80 & 100 mg/kg-bw-day doses.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

Reduced body weight and mortality in rabbits

Endpoint study #2: Ambrose, A.M., Haag, H.B. Toxicological Studies o£ Derris: Chronic Toxicity of Derris. industrial and engineering chemistry, 1938, vol. 30, no. 5, p. 592–595. DOI: 10.1021/ie50341a023. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Substance:

Rotenone (RF-0387-001-PPP)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Additional plant/substance description:

Test material orally administered was water suspension of the ground root that contained 9.6% rotenone.
Type of toxicological test:

subchronic (CHD013TT)
Tested organism:

Dog (as animal) (A0CNL)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

240.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

2
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

8.8
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

Reduced growth/weight gain; controls pups were twice as large as those in experimental group at end of study.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

growth (CHD009BE)
Internal remarks:

Reduced growth/body weight gain in dogs (pups)

Endpoint study #3: Ambrose, A.M., Haag, H.B. Toxicological Studies o£ Derris: Chronic Toxicity of Derris. industrial and engineering chemistry, 1938, vol. 30, no. 5, p. 592–595. DOI: 10.1021/ie50341a023. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Rotenone (RF-0387-001-PPP)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Additional plant/substance description:

Test material orally administered was water suspension of the ground root that contained 9.6% rotenone.
Type of toxicological test:

subchronic (CHD013TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

150.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

5
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

0.0312-0.5
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

Reduced growth/weight gain; mortality on doses above 0.0625% rotenone in feed.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

Reduced growth and mortality in rats

Endpoint study #4: Ambrose, A.M., Haag, H.B. Toxicological Studies o£ Derris: Chronic Toxicity of Derris. industrial and engineering chemistry, 1938, vol. 30, no. 5, p. 592–595. DOI: 10.1021/ie50341a023. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Substance:

Rotenone (RF-0387-001-PPP)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Additional plant/substance description:

Test material orally administered was water suspension of the ground root that contained 9.6% rotenone.
Type of toxicological test:

subchronic (CHD013TT)
Tested organism:

Dog (as animal) (A0CNL)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

240.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

2
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

2.9-8.8
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

Increase in periportal lymphocytes, and in five cases an intense vasoconstriction of the hepatic veins together with a marked hepatic congestion and a dilatation of the perivenous lymphatics.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

Liver effects in dogs

Endpoint study #5: Ambrose, A.M., Haag, H.B. Toxicological Studies o£ Derris: Chronic Toxicity of Derris. industrial and engineering chemistry, 1938, vol. 30, no. 5, p. 592–595. DOI: 10.1021/ie50341a023. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Rotenone (RF-0387-001-PPP)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Additional plant/substance description:

Test material orally administered was water suspension of the ground root that contained 9.6% rotenone.
Type of toxicological test:

subchronic (CHD013TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

150.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

5
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

0.0078-0.0312
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

Mild to moderate periportal lymphatic infiltration, some hyperemia, and an increasing number of focal necrotic areas with an increasing dosage of derris.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

Liver effects in rats

Endpoint study #6: Ambrose, A.M., Haag, H.B. Toxicological Studies o£ Derris: Chronic Toxicity of Derris. industrial and engineering chemistry, 1938, vol. 30, no. 5, p. 592–595. DOI: 10.1021/ie50341a023. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Rotenone (RF-0387-001-PPP)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Additional plant/substance description:

Test material orally administered was water suspension of the ground root that contained 9.6% rotenone.
Type of toxicological test:

subchronic (CHD013TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

150.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

5
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

0.0078-0.0312
Critical effect:

NEPHROTOXICITY (TOX03A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Kidneys (TT046A)
Effect description:

Moderate glomerular and intertubular hyperemia; the degree was unrelated to derris dosage.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

Kidney effects in rats