EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Datura stramonium L.

Family:: Solanaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 5484
Number of processed references:: 9

Compositions

#1: tropane alkaloids (atropine and scopolamine) in seeds

Endpoint Studies

#1: anticholinergic syndrome in infants #2: agitation, hallucinations and loss of consciousness in humans #3: fatal poisoning in horses #4: Prevalence and clinical signs of poisoning in Tunisia #5: neurotoxicity in horses #6: Fatal poisoning in humans #7: neurotoxicity in humans (pediatric cases) #8: acute loss of consciousness in three paediatric cases

Genotoxicity

#1: negligible genotoxicity in bacteria and in vivo in bone marrow cells.

Composition #1: FRIEDMAN, M., HENIKA, PR. MUTAGENICITY OF TOXIC WEED SEEDS IN THE AMES TEST - JIMSON WEED (DATURA-STRAMONIUM), VELVETLEAF (ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI), MORNING GLORY (IPOMOEA SPP.), AND SICKLEPOD (CASSIA-OBTUSIFOLIA). journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 1991, vol. 39, no. 3, p. 494–501. DOI: 10.1021/jf00003a013. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

hexane / methanol
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Additional substance description:

atropine and scopolamine
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tropane alkaloids (atropine and scopolamine) in seeds

Endpoint study #1: Rachid, A., Bouhdadi, S., Salimi, S., Dehbi, F. Datura stramonium poisoning in children Intoxication au Datura stramonium chez l'enfant. annales de toxicologie analytique, 2013, vol. 25, no. 4, p. 191–193. DOI: 10.1051/ata/2013051. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional plant/substance description:

leaves and seeds
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

2
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

Neurologic (TT004A)
Effect description:

anticholinergic syndrome among two children (20 months and 5 years): with agitation, bilateral mydriasis and pyramidal signs associated with skin rash and fever among
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

behaviour (CHD001BE)
Internal remarks:

anticholinergic syndrome in infants

Endpoint study #2: Bernadet, P., Guegan Le Souder, A., Dondia, D., Titier, K., Courtois, A., Labadie, M. Datura stramonium poisoning: Specific treatment by physostigmine a case report Intoxication au Datura stramonium: Traitement spécifique par physostigmine à partir d'un cas. journal europeen des urgences et de reanimation, 2015, vol. 27, no. 2, p. 113–116. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurea.2015.04.003. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Female
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

Neurologic (TT004A)
Effect description:

58-year-old patient supported in emergency unit following an unexplained loss of consciousness, agitation and hallucinations
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

behaviour (CHD001BE)
Internal remarks:

agitation, hallucinations and loss of consciousness in humans

Endpoint study #3: Schulman, ML., Bolton, LA. Datura seed intoxication in two horses. journal of the south african veterinary association-tydskrif van die suid-afrikaanse veterinere vereniging, 1998, vol. 69, no. 1, p. 27–29. .

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Horse (as animal) (A0B9Z)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

8.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Hour (G099A)
Number of organisms dosed:

2
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

One horse died peracutely of acute gastric dilatation and rupture following ingestion of the contaminated feed. The 2nd horse developed unresponsive paralytic ileus that led to euthanasia.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

fatal poisoning in horses

Endpoint study #4: Hamouda, C., Amamou, M., Thabet, H., Yacoub, M., Hedhili, A., Bescharnia, F., Ben Salah, N., Zhioua, M., Abdelmoumen, S., Ben Brahim, NE. Plant poisonings from herbal medication admitted to a Tunisian toxicologic intensive care unit, 1983-1998. veterinary and human toxicology, 2000, vol. 42, no. 3, p. 137–141. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional plant/substance description:

leaves and seeds
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

No data
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Target tissue:

Neurologic (TT004A)
Effect description:

Clinical signs of poisoning include agitation, irritability, delirium, auditory hallucination, visual hallucination, coma, dilated pupil, dry mouth, urinary retention. Represents 43.2% of plant poisoning in Tunisia.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

behaviour (CHD001BE)
Internal remarks:

Prevalence and clinical signs of poisoning in Tunisia

Endpoint study #5: Gerber, R., Naude, T. W., de Kock, S. S. Confirmed Datura poisoning in a horse most probably due to D. ferox in contaminated tef hay. journal of the south african veterinary association-tydskrif van die suid-afrikaanse veterinere vereniging, 2006, vol. 77, no. 2, p. 86–89. .

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Horse (as animal) (A0B9Z)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

1.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

2
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

Neurologic (TT004A)
Effect description:

the first horse exhibited severe, continuous pain and severe bilateral abdominal distention. The second horse showed mild, bilateral abdominal distension and mydriasis
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

neurotoxicity in horses

Endpoint study #6: Krenzelok, Edward P. Aspects of Datura poisoning and treatment. clinical toxicology, 2010, vol. 48, no. 2, p. 104–110. DOI: 10.3109/15563651003630672. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Additional plant/substance description:

aerial parts and seeds
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Effect description:

Fatalities involving Datura are rare; one series involving the analysis of 8 years of American poison center data identified only 30 botanical-related fatalities and D. stramonium accounted for 17% (5) of the deaths
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

Fatal poisoning in humans

Endpoint study #7: Rakotomavo, Falihery., Andriamasy, Caroline., Rasamoelina, Ndrantoniaina., Raveloson, Nasolotsiry. Datura stramonium intoxication in two children. pediatrics international, 2014, vol. 56, no. 3, p. e14–e16. DOI: 10.1111/ped.12363. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Flowering top (as part-nature) (A166H)
Additional plant/substance description:

herbal infusion
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: DRINKING WATER (OECD2229PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

2
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Effect description:

Two brothers aged 4 and 5 presented signs of poisoning: The first child presented agitation, hallucination and mydriasis. The second presented comatose, mydriasis and Babinski signs
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

behaviour (CHD001BE)
Internal remarks:

neurotoxicity in humans (pediatric cases)

Endpoint study #8: Sever, M., Cekin, M. ANTICHOLINERGIC INTOXICATION DUE TO DATURA STRAMONIUM: THREE PEDIATRIC CASES. eurasian journal of emergency medicine, 2007, vol. 6, no. 4, p. 28–30. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

1.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

3
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

Neurologic (TT004A)
Effect description:

acute loss of consciousness in two paediatric cases (5 and 7 years, and 5 years)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

acute loss of consciousness in three paediatric cases

Genotox #1: FRIEDMAN, M., HENIKA, PR. MUTAGENICITY OF TOXIC WEED SEEDS IN THE AMES TEST - JIMSON WEED (DATURA-STRAMONIUM), VELVETLEAF (ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI), MORNING GLORY (IPOMOEA SPP.), AND SICKLEPOD (CASSIA-OBTUSIFOLIA). journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 1991, vol. 39, no. 3, p. 494–501. DOI: 10.1021/jf00003a013. [DOI link]

Study category:

Mutagenicity
Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)
Method type:

in vivo
Tested organism:

Salmonella typhimurium (as organism) (A0CPZ)
Sex:

No data
Exogenous metabolic activation applied:

no data
Control groups used:

yes
Is genotoxic:

Ambiguous
Remarks on genotox study:

results suggest that jimson weed seeds are toxic due to the presence of tropane alkaloids, but have negligible genotoxicity in bacteria and in vivo in bone marrow cells.
Internal remarks:

negligible genotoxicity in bacteria and in vivo in bone marrow cells.
Internal ID:

WOS:A1991FC49000013