EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Datura inoxia Mill. (as plant) // Datura innoxia Mill. // Datura meteloides DC. ex Dunal

Family:: Solanaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 585
Number of processed references:: 7

Compositions

#1: Scopolamine in cooked leaves #2: Atropine in cooked leaves #3: Atropine in nectar (from flower) #4: Scopolamine in nectar (from flower) #5: Cardiac glycosides (leaves, stem, pod, root, seed) #6: Saponins (leaves, stem, pod, root, seed) #7: Atropine (leaves) #8: Scopolamine (leaves) #9: Scopolamine (flower) #10: Atropine (stem) #11: Scopolamine (stem) #12: Atropine (flower) #13: Fifty three tropane alkaloids in all plant parts (e.g. 6,7-dehydrotropine, cyclotropine, methylecgonine, 3,6-diacetoxytropane, 3-tigloyloxy-6,7-epoxytropane, 3β-hydroxy-6β-tigloyloxytropane, etc) #14: Scopolamine (herb) #15: Atropine (herb)

Endpoint Studies

#1: Seven individuals (4 F, 3 M) were admitted to the hospital with anticholinergic syndrome after consuming cooked leaves. Symptoms were behavioral, neurological and cardiovascular. #2: Hospitalised elderly man with behavioral, neurological and cardiovascular symptoms after accidential consumption of the root.

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Papoutsis, Ioannis., Nikolaou, Panagiota., Athanaselis, Sotirios., Stefanidou, Maria., Pistos, Constantinos., Spiliopoulou, Chara., Maravelias, Constantinos. Mass intoxication with Datura innoxia-case series and confirmation by analytical toxicology. clinical toxicology, 2010, vol. 48, no. 2, p. 143–145. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Thermal treatment (heating for preservation) (A07HR)
Additional extraction description:

Cooked for eating
Substance:

Scopolamine (RF-00000248-TOX)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

For the quantitation of atropine and scopolamine, selective ion monitoring mode was used.
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.2
Internal remarks:

Scopolamine in cooked leaves

Composition #2: Papoutsis, Ioannis., Nikolaou, Panagiota., Athanaselis, Sotirios., Stefanidou, Maria., Pistos, Constantinos., Spiliopoulou, Chara., Maravelias, Constantinos. Mass intoxication with Datura innoxia-case series and confirmation by analytical toxicology. clinical toxicology, 2010, vol. 48, no. 2, p. 143–145. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Thermal treatment (heating for preservation) (A07HR)
Additional extraction description:

Cooked for eating
Substance:

Atropine (RF-00000246-TOX)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

For the quantitation of atropine and scopolamine, selective ion monitoring mode was used.
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.8
Internal remarks:

Atropine in cooked leaves

Composition #3: Boros, Borbala., Farkas, Agnes., Jakabova, Silvia., Bacskay, Ivett., Kilar, Ferenc., Felinger, Attila. LC-MS Quantitative Determination of Atropine and Scopolamine in the Floral Nectar of Datura Species. chromatographia, 2010, vol. 71(Suppl.), p. S43–S49. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Additional extraction description:

Nectar
Substance:

Atropine (RF-00000246-TOX)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Analytical method - additional description:

ESI-MS, LC-MS
Result unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.79-37.0
Internal remarks:

Atropine in nectar (from flower)

Composition #4: Boros, Borbala., Farkas, Agnes., Jakabova, Silvia., Bacskay, Ivett., Kilar, Ferenc., Felinger, Attila. LC-MS Quantitative Determination of Atropine and Scopolamine in the Floral Nectar of Datura Species. chromatographia, 2010, vol. 71(Suppl.), p. S43–S49. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Additional extraction description:

nectar
Substance:

Scopolamine (RF-00000248-TOX)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Analytical method - additional description:

ESI-MS, LC-MS
Result unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

57.80-400.04
Internal remarks:

Scopolamine in nectar (from flower)

Composition #5: Ayuba, V. O., Ojobe, T. O., Ayuba, S. A. Phytochemical and proximate composition of Datura innoxia leaf, seed, stem, pod and root. journal of medicinal plants research, 2011, vol. 5, no. 14, p. 2952–2955. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

chloroform: methanol: ammonia
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Cardiac glycosides (leaves, stem, pod, root, seed)

Composition #6: Ayuba, V. O., Ojobe, T. O., Ayuba, S. A. Phytochemical and proximate composition of Datura innoxia leaf, seed, stem, pod and root. journal of medicinal plants research, 2011, vol. 5, no. 14, p. 2952–2955. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

chloroform: methanol: ammonia
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins (leaves, stem, pod, root, seed)

Composition #7: Jakabova, Silvia., Vincze, Lajos., Farkas, Agnes., Kilar, Ferenc., Boros, Borbala., Felinger, Attila. Determination of tropane alkaloids atropine and scopolamine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in plant organs of Datura species. journal of chromatography a, 2012, vol. 1232, p. 295–301. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol, water
Substance:

Atropine (RF-00000246-TOX)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.02-0.06
Internal remarks:

Atropine (leaves)

Composition #8: Jakabova, Silvia., Vincze, Lajos., Farkas, Agnes., Kilar, Ferenc., Boros, Borbala., Felinger, Attila. Determination of tropane alkaloids atropine and scopolamine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in plant organs of Datura species. journal of chromatography a, 2012, vol. 1232, p. 295–301. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol, water
Substance:

Scopolamine (RF-00000248-TOX)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.94-4.53
Internal remarks:

Scopolamine (leaves)

Composition #9: Jakabova, Silvia., Vincze, Lajos., Farkas, Agnes., Kilar, Ferenc., Boros, Borbala., Felinger, Attila. Determination of tropane alkaloids atropine and scopolamine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in plant organs of Datura species. journal of chromatography a, 2012, vol. 1232, p. 295–301. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol, water
Substance:

Scopolamine (RF-00000248-TOX)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.94
Internal remarks:

Scopolamine (flower)

Composition #10: Jakabova, Silvia., Vincze, Lajos., Farkas, Agnes., Kilar, Ferenc., Boros, Borbala., Felinger, Attila. Determination of tropane alkaloids atropine and scopolamine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in plant organs of Datura species. journal of chromatography a, 2012, vol. 1232, p. 295–301. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol, water
Substance:

Atropine (RF-00000246-TOX)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.40
Internal remarks:

Atropine (stem)

Composition #11: Jakabova, Silvia., Vincze, Lajos., Farkas, Agnes., Kilar, Ferenc., Boros, Borbala., Felinger, Attila. Determination of tropane alkaloids atropine and scopolamine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in plant organs of Datura species. journal of chromatography a, 2012, vol. 1232, p. 295–301. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol, water
Substance:

Scopolamine (RF-00000248-TOX)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.95
Internal remarks:

Scopolamine (stem)

Composition #12: Jakabova, Silvia., Vincze, Lajos., Farkas, Agnes., Kilar, Ferenc., Boros, Borbala., Felinger, Attila. Determination of tropane alkaloids atropine and scopolamine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in plant organs of Datura species. journal of chromatography a, 2012, vol. 1232, p. 295–301. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol, water
Substance:

Atropine (RF-00000246-TOX)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.03
Internal remarks:

Atropine (flower)

Composition #13: El Bazaoui, Ahmed., Bellimam, My Ahmed., Soulaymani, Abdelmajid. Tropane alkaloids of Datura innoxia from Morocco. zeitschrift fuer naturforschung, c: journal of biosciences, 2012, vol. 67(1/2), p. 8–14. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Additional substance description:

Fifty three alkaloids listed e.g. 6,7-dehydrotropine, cyclotropine, methylecgonine, 3,6-diacetoxytropane, 3-tigloyloxy-6,7-epoxytropane, 3β-hydroxy-6β-tigloyloxytropane, etc
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Fifty three tropane alkaloids in all plant parts (e.g. 6,7-dehydrotropine, cyclotropine, methylecgonine, 3,6-diacetoxytropane, 3-tigloyloxy-6,7-epoxytropane, 3β-hydroxy-6β-tigloyloxytropane, etc)

Composition #14: Oniszczuk, A., Waksmundzka-Hajnos, M., Gadzikowska, M., Podgorski, R., Oniszczuk, T. Influence of Sample Preparation Methods on the Quantitation of Selected Tropane Alkaloids from Herb of Datura innoxia Mill. by HPTLC . acta chromatographica, 2013, vol. 25, no. 3, p. 545–554. DOI: 10.1556/AChrom.25.2013.3.10. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Acetic acid, tartaric acid, ethanol, chloroform, methanol, aqueous ammonia, and dichloromethane
Substance:

Scopolamine (RF-00000248-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

60-4000
Internal remarks:

Scopolamine (herb)

Composition #15: Oniszczuk, A., Waksmundzka-Hajnos, M., Gadzikowska, M., Podgorski, R., Oniszczuk, T. Influence of Sample Preparation Methods on the Quantitation of Selected Tropane Alkaloids from Herb of Datura innoxia Mill. by HPTLC . acta chromatographica, 2013, vol. 25, no. 3, p. 545–554. DOI: 10.1556/AChrom.25.2013.3.10. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Acetic acid, tartaric acid, ethanol, chloroform, methanol, aqueous ammonia, and dichloromethane
Substance:

Atropine (RF-00000246-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

60-1330
Internal remarks:

Atropine (herb)

Endpoint study #1: Papoutsis, Ioannis., Nikolaou, Panagiota., Athanaselis, Sotirios., Stefanidou, Maria., Pistos, Constantinos., Spiliopoulou, Chara., Maravelias, Constantinos. Mass intoxication with Datura innoxia-case series and confirmation by analytical toxicology. clinical toxicology, 2010, vol. 48, no. 2, p. 143–145. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Thermal treatment (heating for preservation) (A07HR)
Additional plant/substance description:

Misidentified eaten instead of Amaranthus blitum
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

7
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

4 F, 3 M were admitted with anticholinergic syndrome. All showed agitation, aggression, hallucinations, dry mouth and skin, mydriasis, delayed papillary contraction reduction. Some other symptoms included tachycardia/hypotension, hyperthermia.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

behaviour (CHD001BE)
Internal remarks:

Seven individuals (4 F, 3 M) were admitted to the hospital with anticholinergic syndrome after consuming cooked leaves. Symptoms were behavioral, neurological and cardiovascular.

Endpoint study #2: HANNA, JP., SCHMIDLEY, JW., BRASELTON, WE. DATURA DELIRIUM. clinical neuropharmacology, 1992, vol. 15, no. 2, p. 109–113. DOI: 10.1097/00002826-199204000-00004. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Additional plant/substance description:

Scopolamine, atropine
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

An elderly man was admitted to the hospital after accidental consumption of D. innoxia root. The symptoms included dry mouth, confusion, combativity, fever, high pulse, pupils without reaction to light.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

behaviour (CHD001BE)
Internal remarks:

Hospitalised elderly man with behavioral, neurological and cardiovascular symptoms after accidential consumption of the root.