EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Datura ferox L.

Family:: Solanaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 244
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: tropane alkaloids (stems) quantified #2: tropane alkaloids (roots) quantified #3: tropane alkaloids (leaves) quantified #4: tropane alkaloids (seeds) quantified #5: tropane alkaloids (fruits) quantified #6: scopolamine (fruits) quantitative #7: scopolamine (roots) quantitative #8: scopolamine (leaves) quantitative #9: scopolamine (seeds) quantitative #10: scopolamine (stems) quantitative #11: Tropane alkaloids (leaves) (8 identified, e.g. hyoscyamine) #12: Tropane alkaloids (root) (21 identified, e.g. litorine, hyoscyamine, apo- and norscopolamine) #13: tropine in roots (quantitative) #14: 3,6-ditigloyloxytropane in roots (quantitative) #15: 3-tigloyloxytropane in roots (quantitative) #16: 3,6-ditigloyloxy-7-hydroxytropane in roots (quantitative) #17: hygrine in seeds (quantified as percentage of total alkaloids) #18: aposcopolamine in seeds (quantified as percentage of total alkaloids) #19: scopolamine in seeds (quantified as percentage of total alkaloids)

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Padula, L.Z., Bandoni, A.L., Rondina, R.V.D., Coussio, J.D. Quantitative determination of total alkaloids and scopolamine from the argentine 'Chamico' (Datura ferox L.). acta physiologica latino-americana, 1975, vol. 25, no. 3, p. 245. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

USP XVIII
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.02-0.28
Internal remarks:

tropane alkaloids (stems) quantified

Composition #2: Padula, L.Z., Bandoni, A.L., Rondina, R.V.D., Coussio, J.D. Quantitative determination of total alkaloids and scopolamine from the argentine 'Chamico' (Datura ferox L.). acta physiologica latino-americana, 1975, vol. 25, no. 3, p. 245. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

USP XVIII
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.08-0.36
Internal remarks:

tropane alkaloids (roots) quantified

Composition #3: Padula, L.Z., Bandoni, A.L., Rondina, R.V.D., Coussio, J.D. Quantitative determination of total alkaloids and scopolamine from the argentine 'Chamico' (Datura ferox L.). acta physiologica latino-americana, 1975, vol. 25, no. 3, p. 245. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

USP XVIII
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.1-0.47
Internal remarks:

tropane alkaloids (leaves) quantified

Composition #4: Padula, L.Z., Bandoni, A.L., Rondina, R.V.D., Coussio, J.D. Quantitative determination of total alkaloids and scopolamine from the argentine 'Chamico' (Datura ferox L.). acta physiologica latino-americana, 1975, vol. 25, no. 3, p. 245. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

USP XVIII
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.52
Internal remarks:

tropane alkaloids (seeds) quantified

Composition #5: Padula, L.Z., Bandoni, A.L., Rondina, R.V.D., Coussio, J.D. Quantitative determination of total alkaloids and scopolamine from the argentine 'Chamico' (Datura ferox L.). acta physiologica latino-americana, 1975, vol. 25, no. 3, p. 245. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

USP XVIII
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.11-0.23
Internal remarks:

tropane alkaloids (fruits) quantified

Composition #6: Padula, L.Z., Bandoni, A.L., Rondina, R.V.D., Coussio, J.D. Quantitative determination of total alkaloids and scopolamine from the argentine 'Chamico' (Datura ferox L.). acta physiologica latino-americana, 1975, vol. 25, no. 3, p. 245. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Scopolamine (RF-00000248-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

USP XVIII
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.013-0.021
Internal remarks:

scopolamine (fruits) quantitative

Composition #7: Padula, L.Z., Bandoni, A.L., Rondina, R.V.D., Coussio, J.D. Quantitative determination of total alkaloids and scopolamine from the argentine 'Chamico' (Datura ferox L.). acta physiologica latino-americana, 1975, vol. 25, no. 3, p. 245. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Scopolamine (RF-00000248-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

USP XVIII
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.0036-0.09
Internal remarks:

scopolamine (roots) quantitative

Composition #8: Padula, L.Z., Bandoni, A.L., Rondina, R.V.D., Coussio, J.D. Quantitative determination of total alkaloids and scopolamine from the argentine 'Chamico' (Datura ferox L.). acta physiologica latino-americana, 1975, vol. 25, no. 3, p. 245. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Scopolamine (RF-00000248-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

USP XVIII
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.004-0.32
Internal remarks:

scopolamine (leaves) quantitative

Composition #9: Padula, L.Z., Bandoni, A.L., Rondina, R.V.D., Coussio, J.D. Quantitative determination of total alkaloids and scopolamine from the argentine 'Chamico' (Datura ferox L.). acta physiologica latino-americana, 1975, vol. 25, no. 3, p. 245. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Unspecified
Substance:

Scopolamine (RF-00000248-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

USP XVIII
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.15
Internal remarks:

scopolamine (seeds) quantitative

Composition #10: Padula, L.Z., Bandoni, A.L., Rondina, R.V.D., Coussio, J.D. Quantitative determination of total alkaloids and scopolamine from the argentine 'Chamico' (Datura ferox L.). acta physiologica latino-americana, 1975, vol. 25, no. 3, p. 245. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Scopolamine (RF-00000248-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

USP XVIII
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.0029-0.15
Internal remarks:

scopolamine (stems) quantitative

Composition #11: Doncheva, T., Berkov, S., Philipov, S. Comparative study of the alkaloids in tribe Datureae and their chemosystematic significance . biochemical systematics and ecology, 2006, vol. 34, no. 6, p. 478–488. DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2006.01.008. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

3% H2SO4, eluted CH2Cl2
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Additional substance description:

8 identified, e.g. hyoscyamine
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tropane alkaloids (leaves) (8 identified, e.g. hyoscyamine)

Composition #12: Doncheva, T., Berkov, S., Philipov, S. Comparative study of the alkaloids in tribe Datureae and their chemosystematic significance . biochemical systematics and ecology, 2006, vol. 34, no. 6, p. 478–488. DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2006.01.008. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

3% H2SO4, eluted CH2Cl2
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Additional substance description:

21 identified, e.g. litorine, hyoscyamine, apo- and norscopolamine
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tropane alkaloids (root) (21 identified, e.g. litorine, hyoscyamine, apo- and norscopolamine)

Composition #13: ACHARI, R., NEWCOMBE, F. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY OF TROPANE ALKALOIDS. planta medica, 1971, vol. 19, no. 3, p. 241–&. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ether, sulphuric acid
Substance:

tropine (RF-00004093-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GLC, column chromatography
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.04
Internal remarks:

tropine in roots (quantitative)

Composition #14: ACHARI, R., NEWCOMBE, F. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY OF TROPANE ALKALOIDS. planta medica, 1971, vol. 19, no. 3, p. 241–&. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ether, sulphuric acid, CHCl3
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Additional substance description:

3,6-ditigloyloxytropane
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GLC, column chromatography
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.01
Internal remarks:

3,6-ditigloyloxytropane in roots (quantitative)

Composition #15: ACHARI, R., NEWCOMBE, F. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY OF TROPANE ALKALOIDS. planta medica, 1971, vol. 19, no. 3, p. 241–&. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ether, sulphuric acid, CHCl3
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Additional substance description:

3-tigloyloxytropane
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GLC, column chromatography
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.01
Internal remarks:

3-tigloyloxytropane in roots (quantitative)

Composition #16: ACHARI, R., NEWCOMBE, F. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY OF TROPANE ALKALOIDS. planta medica, 1971, vol. 19, no. 3, p. 241–&. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ether, sulphuric acid, CHCl3
Substance:

Tropane alkaloids (RF-00000245-TOX)
Additional substance description:

3,6-ditigloyloxy-7-hydroxytropane
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GLC, column chromatography
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.03
Internal remarks:

3,6-ditigloyloxy-7-hydroxytropane in roots (quantitative)

Composition #17: Vitale, AA., Acher, A., Pomilio, AB. Alkaloids of Datura ferox from Argentina. journal of ethnopharmacology, 1995, vol. 49, no. 2, p. 81–89. DOI: 10.1016/0378-8741(95)01305-9. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOH-28% NH4OH (95:5)
Substance:

Hygrine (RF-00011035-PAR)
Substance used for equivalence:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC, HPTLC on silica gel (quantified as percentage of total alkaloids)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.6
Internal remarks:

hygrine in seeds (quantified as percentage of total alkaloids)

Composition #18: Vitale, AA., Acher, A., Pomilio, AB. Alkaloids of Datura ferox from Argentina. journal of ethnopharmacology, 1995, vol. 49, no. 2, p. 81–89. DOI: 10.1016/0378-8741(95)01305-9. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOH-28% NH4OH (95:5)
Substance:

Apohyoscine (Aposcopolamine) (RF-00004698-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Aposcopolamine
Substance used for equivalence:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC, HPTLC on silica gel (percentage of total alkaloids)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

8.7
Internal remarks:

aposcopolamine in seeds (quantified as percentage of total alkaloids)

Composition #19: Vitale, AA., Acher, A., Pomilio, AB. Alkaloids of Datura ferox from Argentina. journal of ethnopharmacology, 1995, vol. 49, no. 2, p. 81–89. DOI: 10.1016/0378-8741(95)01305-9. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOH-28% NH4OH (95:5)
Substance:

Scopolamine (RF-00000248-TOX)
Substance used for equivalence:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC, HPTLC on silica gel (quantified as percentage of total alkaloids)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

76.3
Internal remarks:

scopolamine in seeds (quantified as percentage of total alkaloids)