EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Daphne gnidium L.

Family:: Thymelaeaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 135
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: Coumarins in leaves. #2: Tannins in leaves. #3: coumarins (2-(4- hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-2,3- dihydro-1,4,5-trioxaphenanthren-6-one) (leaves) #4: Coumarins (acetylumbelliferon, daphnin, daphnetin, daphnoretin) (leaves and stems) #5: Daphnetoxin in bark #6: coumarins (daphnetin, daphnetin-7-O-glycoside, daphnetin-8-O-glycoside) in leaves and stems

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

#1: SOS chromotest for mutagenicity.

Composition #1: Chaabane Fadwa., Boubaker Jihed., Loussaif Amira., Neffati Aicha., Kilani-Jaziri Somaya., Ghedira Kamel., Chekir-Ghedira Leila. Antioxidant, genotoxic and antigenotoxic activities of daphne gnidium leaf extracts. bmc complementary and alternative medicine, 2012, vol. 12, p. 153. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone-water 2:1 v/v; Additional extracts tested positive for coumarins: ethyl acetate, chloroform
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Coumarins in leaves.

Composition #2: Chaabane Fadwa., Boubaker Jihed., Loussaif Amira., Neffati Aicha., Kilani-Jaziri Somaya., Ghedira Kamel., Chekir-Ghedira Leila. Antioxidant, genotoxic and antigenotoxic activities of daphne gnidium leaf extracts. bmc complementary and alternative medicine, 2012, vol. 12, p. 153. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone-water 2:1 v/v, ehtyl acetate, methanol.
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins in leaves.

Composition #3: Cottiglia, F., Bonsignore, L., Loy, G., Garau, D., Floris, C., Casu, M. Structure elucidation and antibacterial activity of a new coumarinolignoid from Daphne gnidium L. . magnetic resonance in chemistry, 2002, vol. 40, no. 8, p. 551–553. DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1047. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

dichlormethane, methanol
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Additional substance description:

2-(4- hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-2,3- dihydro-1,4,5-trioxaphenanthren-6-one
Analytical method code:

Mass Spectroscopy and hyphenated methods without chromatography (F063A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR and HRMALDI and EI mass spectrometry
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

coumarins (2-(4- hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-2,3- dihydro-1,4,5-trioxaphenanthren-6-one) (leaves)

Composition #4: Deiana, M., Rosa, A., Casu, V., Cottiglia, L., Bonsignore, L., Dessi, MA. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of extracts from Daphne gnidium L. . journal of the american oil chemists society, 2003, vol. 80, no. 1, p. 65–70. DOI: 10.1007/s11746-003-0652-x. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol;
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Additional substance description:

acetylumbelliferon, daphnin, daphnetin, daphnoretin in leaves and stems
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Coumarins (acetylumbelliferon, daphnin, daphnetin, daphnoretin) (leaves and stems)

Composition #5: Peixoto, F., Carvalho, MJM., Almeida, J., Matos, PAC. Daphnetoxin interacts with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and induces membrane permeability transition in rat liver . planta medica, 2004, vol. 70, no. 11, p. 1064–1068. DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-832648. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

chloroform, n-hexane
Substance:

daphnetoxin (RF-00004250-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

IR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Daphnetoxin in bark

Composition #6: Nowik, W. HPLC-PDA characterisation of Daphne gnidium L. (Thymemeacea) dyeing extracts using two different C-18 stationary phases . journal of separation science, 2005, vol. 28, no. 13, p. 1595–1600. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200401770. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Additional substance description:

daphnetin, daphnetin-7-O-glycoside, daphnetin-8-O-glycoside in leaves and stems
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC-PDA
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

coumarins (daphnetin, daphnetin-7-O-glycoside, daphnetin-8-O-glycoside) in leaves and stems

Genotox #1: Chaabane Fadwa., Boubaker Jihed., Loussaif Amira., Neffati Aicha., Kilani-Jaziri Somaya., Ghedira Kamel., Chekir-Ghedira Leila. Antioxidant, genotoxic and antigenotoxic activities of daphne gnidium leaf extracts. bmc complementary and alternative medicine, 2012, vol. 12, p. 153. .

Study category:

Mutagenicity
Type of toxicological test:

SOS/umu test (CHD035TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Tested organism:

Escherichia coli (as organism) (A0CQA)
Strain of test organism:

PQ37 (CHD078ST)
Endpoint measured:

gene mutation
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

Marginally positive result (iduction factor 1.28-2) obtained only for the flavonoid enriched extract (30 - 5 micrograms per assay). Other extracts were negative.
Internal remarks:

SOS chromotest for mutagenicity.
Internal ID:

2012966242