EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Cyclamen purpurascens Mill. // Cyclamen europaeum L.

Family:: Primulaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 97
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: Saponins #2: Cinnamic aldehyde (flowers) #3: Methyl benzoate (flowers) #4: Myrcene (flowers) #5: Cyclamine (tubers) #6: Pentacyclic triterpene saponins (bulbs) #7: Cyclamine (bulbs)

Endpoint Studies

#1: LD50 in rat >160 mg/kg

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Vogel, Guenther., Marek, Marie Luise. Pharmacology of some saponins. arneimittel-forsch., 1962, vol. 12, p. 815–25. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Additional extraction description:

Not specified
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins

Composition #2: Ishizaka, H., Yamada, H., Sasaki, K. Volatile compounds in the flowers of Cyclamen persicum, C-purpurascens and their hybrids . scientia horticulturae, 2002, vol. 94, no. 1-2, p. 125–135. DOI: 10.1016/S0304-4238(01)00362-4. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Additional extraction description:

volatile aromatic compounds from flowers trapped on Tenax cartridges and anlysed by GC/MS. The values are % of the total volatiles detected.
Substance:

cinnamaldehyde (RF-00003742-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.2
Internal remarks:

Cinnamic aldehyde (flowers)

Composition #3: Ishizaka, H., Yamada, H., Sasaki, K. Volatile compounds in the flowers of Cyclamen persicum, C-purpurascens and their hybrids . scientia horticulturae, 2002, vol. 94, no. 1-2, p. 125–135. DOI: 10.1016/S0304-4238(01)00362-4. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Additional extraction description:

volatile aromatic compounds from flowers trapped on Tenax cartridges and anlysed by GC/MS. The values are % of the total volatiles detected.
Substance:

Methyl benzoate (RF-00008431-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.3
Internal remarks:

Methyl benzoate (flowers)

Composition #4: Ishizaka, H., Yamada, H., Sasaki, K. Volatile compounds in the flowers of Cyclamen persicum, C-purpurascens and their hybrids . scientia horticulturae, 2002, vol. 94, no. 1-2, p. 125–135. DOI: 10.1016/S0304-4238(01)00362-4. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Additional extraction description:

volatile aromatic compounds from flowers trapped on Tenax cartridges and anlysed by GC/MS. The values are % of the total volatiles detected.
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.3
Internal remarks:

Myrcene (flowers)

Composition #5: Winder, O., Friedrich, C., Jumbam, N. D., Griengl, H., Kartnig, T. Cyclamin, a new Molluscicide from the tubers of Cyclamen purpurascens Mill. tested against the snail Biomphalaria glabrata (Say) . annales de limnologie-international journal of limnology, 1995, vol. 31, no. 4, p. 229–232. DOI: 10.1051/limn/1995020. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol - water 80 : 20, crystallisation from ethanol - water 4 : 1
Substance:

cyclamine (RF-00003759-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

16
Internal remarks:

Cyclamine (tubers)

Composition #6: REZNICEK, G., JURENITSCH, J., ROBIEN, W., KUBELKA, W. SAPONINS IN CYCLAMEN SPECIES - CONFIGURATION OF CYCLAMIRETIN-C AND STRUCTURE OF ISOCYCLAMIN . phytochemistry, 1989, vol. 28, no. 3, p. 825–828. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(89)80123-2. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Sap (as part-nature) (A166V)
Additional extraction description:

Sampled directly from the bulbs by a capillary
Substance:

pentacyclic triterpene saponins (RF-00004334-PAR)
Additional substance description:

desglucocyblamine I and II, isocyclamine
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Pentacyclic triterpene saponins (bulbs)

Composition #7: REZNICEK, G., JURENITSCH, J., ROBIEN, W., KUBELKA, W. SAPONINS IN CYCLAMEN SPECIES - CONFIGURATION OF CYCLAMIRETIN-C AND STRUCTURE OF ISOCYCLAMIN . phytochemistry, 1989, vol. 28, no. 3, p. 825–828. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(89)80123-2. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bulb / clove (as part-nature) (A067A)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Sap (as part-nature) (A166V)
Additional extraction description:

Sampled directly from the bulbs by a capillary
Substance:

cyclamine (RF-00003759-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Also spelled as 'cyclamin'
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Cyclamine (bulbs)

Endpoint study #1: Vogel, Guenther., Marek, Marie Luise. Pharmacology of some saponins. arneimittel-forsch., 1962, vol. 12, p. 815–25. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Additional plant/substance description:

Extraction not specified
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Concentration producing lethality in 50% of experimental organisms (CHD023EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

>160
Critical effect:

NOT REPORTED (TOX17A)
Effect description:

LD50 in orally administered rat >160 mg/kg
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

LD50 in rat >160 mg/kg