EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Cullen corylifolium (L.) Medik. // Psoralea corylifolia L.

Family:: Fabaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1636
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: Angelicin #2: Psoralen #3: angelicin (seeds) #4: Bergapten (5-Methoxypsoralen) (seeds) #5: psoralen (seeds) #6: psoralen and derivative (isopsoralen) from seeds #7: psoralidin (seeds) #8: isobavachalcone (seeds) #9: bavachin (seeds) #10: bakuchiol (seeds) #11: bakuchiol and derivative (Delta(3),2-hydroxybakuchiol) in seeds #12: p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (seeds) #13: Psoralen (leaves) #14: Angelicin (leaves)

Endpoint Studies

#1: Hepatotoxicity #2: Cholestatic hepatotoxicity, weight loss in rat

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Kim, Ho Kyoung., Lee, Hye Won., Chun, Jin Mi., Lee, A. Yeong., Ko, Byoung Seob. Quantitative analysis of psoralen and angelicin in the Psoraleae Semen and processed Psoraleae Semen. saengyak hakhoechi, 2004, vol. 35, no. 3, p. 179–183. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

angelicin (RF-00004146-PAR)
Additional substance description:

The concentration of angelicin increased to 0.50% in processed seeds
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

reversed-phase HPLC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.34
Internal remarks:

Angelicin

Composition #2: Kim, Ho Kyoung., Lee, Hye Won., Chun, Jin Mi., Lee, A. Yeong., Ko, Byoung Seob. Quantitative analysis of psoralen and angelicin in the Psoraleae Semen and processed Psoraleae Semen. saengyak hakhoechi, 2004, vol. 35, no. 3, p. 179–183. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

psoralen (RF-00004015-PAR)
Additional substance description:

The concentration of psoralen increased to 0.52% in processed seeds
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

reversed-phase HPLC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.39
Internal remarks:

Psoralen

Composition #3: Harsahay, M., Hemant Kr, P., Aarti, M., Mohd., N. Development of HPLC method for estimation of furonocumarins in Psoralea corylifolia and Ammi majus. international journal of pharmacognosy and phytochemical research, 2014, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 290–294. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol and chloroform (50:50 V/V)
Substance:

angelicin (RF-00004146-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2431.81
Internal remarks:

angelicin (seeds)

Composition #4: Harsahay, M., Hemant Kr, P., Aarti, M., Mohd., N. Development of HPLC method for estimation of furonocumarins in Psoralea corylifolia and Ammi majus. international journal of pharmacognosy and phytochemical research, 2014, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 290–294. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol and chloroform (50:50 V/V)
Substance:

Bergapten (RF-00003837-PAR)
Additional substance description:

5-Methoxypsoralen (Bergapten)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

16.14
Internal remarks:

Bergapten (5-Methoxypsoralen) (seeds)

Composition #5: Harsahay, M., Hemant Kr, P., Aarti, M., Mohd., N. Development of HPLC method for estimation of furonocumarins in Psoralea corylifolia and Ammi majus. international journal of pharmacognosy and phytochemical research, 2014, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 290–294. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol and chloroform (50:50 V/V)
Substance:

psoralen (RF-00004015-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2741.68
Internal remarks:

psoralen (seeds)

Composition #6: Wang, Jiaying., Jiang, Zhenzhou., Ji, Jinzi., Li, Yanyan., Chen, Mi., Wang, Yurong., Zhang, Yun., Tai, Ting., Wang, Tao., Zhang, Luyong. Evaluation of hepatotoxicity and cholestasis in rats treated with EtOH extract of Fructus Psoraleae . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2012, vol. 144, no. 1, p. 73–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.028. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80% ethanol
Substance:

psoralen (RF-00004015-PAR)
Additional substance description:

psoralen derivative: isopsoralen, concentration reported is mg per gram of total extract
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

21.7-26.8
Internal remarks:

psoralen and derivative (isopsoralen) from seeds

Composition #7: Wang, Jiaying., Jiang, Zhenzhou., Ji, Jinzi., Li, Yanyan., Chen, Mi., Wang, Yurong., Zhang, Yun., Tai, Ting., Wang, Tao., Zhang, Luyong. Evaluation of hepatotoxicity and cholestasis in rats treated with EtOH extract of Fructus Psoraleae . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2012, vol. 144, no. 1, p. 73–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.028. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80% ethanol
Substance:

Furanocoumarins (RF-00004381-PAR)
Additional substance description:

psoralidin, concentration reported is mg per gram of total extract
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

15.6
Internal remarks:

psoralidin (seeds)

Composition #8: Wang, Jiaying., Jiang, Zhenzhou., Ji, Jinzi., Li, Yanyan., Chen, Mi., Wang, Yurong., Zhang, Yun., Tai, Ting., Wang, Tao., Zhang, Luyong. Evaluation of hepatotoxicity and cholestasis in rats treated with EtOH extract of Fructus Psoraleae . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2012, vol. 144, no. 1, p. 73–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.028. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80% ethanol
Substance:

Furanocoumarins (RF-00004381-PAR)
Additional substance description:

isobavachalcone, concentration reported is mg per gram of total extract
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

7.8
Internal remarks:

isobavachalcone (seeds)

Composition #9: Wang, Jiaying., Jiang, Zhenzhou., Ji, Jinzi., Li, Yanyan., Chen, Mi., Wang, Yurong., Zhang, Yun., Tai, Ting., Wang, Tao., Zhang, Luyong. Evaluation of hepatotoxicity and cholestasis in rats treated with EtOH extract of Fructus Psoraleae . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2012, vol. 144, no. 1, p. 73–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.028. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80% ethanol
Substance:

Furanocoumarins (RF-00004381-PAR)
Additional substance description:

bavachin, concentration reported is mg per gram of total extract
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

10.5
Internal remarks:

bavachin (seeds)

Composition #10: Wang, Jiaying., Jiang, Zhenzhou., Ji, Jinzi., Li, Yanyan., Chen, Mi., Wang, Yurong., Zhang, Yun., Tai, Ting., Wang, Tao., Zhang, Luyong. Evaluation of hepatotoxicity and cholestasis in rats treated with EtOH extract of Fructus Psoraleae . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2012, vol. 144, no. 1, p. 73–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.028. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80% ethanol
Substance:

bakuchiol (RF-00011223-PAR)
Additional substance description:

concentration reported is mg per gram of total extract
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

7.5
Internal remarks:

bakuchiol (seeds)

Composition #11: Jeong, Dami., Watari, Kousuke., Shirouzu, Takayuki., Ono, Mayumi., Koizumi, Keiichi., Saiki, Ikuo., Kim, Youn-Chul., Tanaka, Chiaki., Higuchi, Ryuichi., Miyamoto, Tomofumi. Studies on Lymphangiogenesis Inhibitors from Korean and Japanese Crude Drugs . biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, 2013, vol. 36, no. 1, p. 152–157. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol and n-hexane
Substance:

bakuchiol (RF-00011223-PAR)
Additional substance description:

bakuchiol derivative: Delta(3),2-hydroxybakuchiol
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

reversed phase HPLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

bakuchiol and derivative (Delta(3),2-hydroxybakuchiol) in seeds

Composition #12: Jeong, Dami., Watari, Kousuke., Shirouzu, Takayuki., Ono, Mayumi., Koizumi, Keiichi., Saiki, Ikuo., Kim, Youn-Chul., Tanaka, Chiaki., Higuchi, Ryuichi., Miyamoto, Tomofumi. Studies on Lymphangiogenesis Inhibitors from Korean and Japanese Crude Drugs . biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, 2013, vol. 36, no. 1, p. 152–157. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol and n-hexane
Substance:

4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (RF-00001976-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

reversed phase HPLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (seeds)

Composition #13: BOURGAUD, F., GRIMAL, JY., NGUYEN, C., BITTON, G., GUCKERT, A. A SELECTIVE PHOTOBIOLOGICAL ASSAY TO DETECT AND QUANTIFY PSORALEN IN PSORALEA PLANTS (LEGUMINOSAE) . phytochemical analysis, 1994, vol. 5, no. 6, p. 315–318. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2800050609. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

boiling water
Substance:

psoralen (RF-00004015-PAR)
Additional substance description:

100 mg seeds extracted in 2.5 ml boiling water. The concentration detected in the extract is reported as 8.2 microgram/ml (corrected here to mg/g).
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

205
Internal remarks:

Psoralen (leaves)

Composition #14: BOURGAUD, F., GRIMAL, JY., NGUYEN, C., BITTON, G., GUCKERT, A. A SELECTIVE PHOTOBIOLOGICAL ASSAY TO DETECT AND QUANTIFY PSORALEN IN PSORALEA PLANTS (LEGUMINOSAE) . phytochemical analysis, 1994, vol. 5, no. 6, p. 315–318. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2800050609. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

boiling water
Substance:

angelicin (RF-00004146-PAR)
Additional substance description:

100 mg seeds extracted in 2.5 ml boiling water. The concentration detected in the extract is reported as 4.4 microgram/ml (corrected here to mg/g).
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

110
Internal remarks:

Angelicin (leaves)

Endpoint study #1: Chitturi, S., Farrell, G.C. Hepatotoxic slimming aids and other herbal hepatotoxins. journal of gastroenterology and hepatology (australia), 2008, vol. 23, no. 3, p. 366–373. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2008.05310.x. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: DRINKING WATER (OECD2229PL)
Exposure duration:

7.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Week (G205A)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

Centrilobular hepatic necrosis with hemorrhage, cholestasis, an inflammatory infiltrate, hepatitis after ingestion of herbal preparation with black tea (10 x higher than recommended dose)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

Hepatotoxicity

Endpoint study #2: Wang, Jiaying., Jiang, Zhenzhou., Ji, Jinzi., Li, Yanyan., Chen, Mi., Wang, Yurong., Zhang, Yun., Tai, Ting., Wang, Tao., Zhang, Luyong. Evaluation of hepatotoxicity and cholestasis in rats treated with EtOH extract of Fructus Psoraleae . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2012, vol. 144, no. 1, p. 73–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.028. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

EtOH (80%)
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Sprague-Dawley (CHD012ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

28.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

64
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Grams per kilogram body weight per day (G212A)
Effect concentration:

0.625-1.87
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

Ethanolic extract of plant effects sex-related cholestatic hepatotoxicity, female rats are more sensitive to EEFP-induced hepatotoxicity, abnormal symptoms (depilation, leanness and anorexia) observed at 1.875 and 1.25 g/kg dose, decrease in body weight.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

body weight (CHD005BE)
Internal remarks:

Cholestatic hepatotoxicity, weight loss in rat