EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Coriaria myrtifolia L.

Family:: Coriariaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 76
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: gallotannic acid (tannin) in leaves #2: The entire plant contains a sesquiterpene-lactone called coriamyrtin, a potent convulsivant neurotoxin

Endpoint Studies

#1: Coriamyrtin (80 mg. per rabbit (weights not given)) causing convulsions and mortality #2: Central Nervous System – generalized tonic-clonic seizures, recurrent, which may evolve to status epilepticus, coma, apnea and death. #3: Respiratory Tract – respiratory depression due to anoxia, respiratory arrhythmia alternating with apnea, respiratory muscles tetanization evolving to respiratory arrest. #4: Cardiovascular System – central excitatory action, increased blood pressure followed by heart failure, as a result of the seizures, due to anoxia and acidosis, leading to cardiac arrest. #5: Gastrointestinal Tract – nausea, vomiting and stomach pains that precede seizures #6: 7-years old children were intoxicated from fruits causing respiratory and neurological severe symptoms (alakloid coriarine and the sesquiterpene lactone coriamirtine) #7: neurologic symptoms in a 8 years old boy #8: digestive signs in 63% of the 83 patients #9: Coriamyrtin present in high concentrations in the berries (digestive and neurological manifestations including seizures, coma and apnea). #10: mortality and other sympthoms (convulsions (31%), mydriasis (22%), drowsiness obnubilation (14%), hyperreflexia (13%), hypertonia (12%), lypothimia (11%), coma (10%), disorientation (10%), trismus and opistothonos (7%), severe headache (6%), dizziness & agitation (4%))

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Perkin, A.G. XLII. - Yellow colouring principles contained in various tannin matters. Part VII. Arctostaphylos Uva ursi, Hæmatoxylon Campeachianum, Rhus Metopium Myrica Gale, Coriaria myrtifolia, and Robinia pseudacacia. journal of the chemical society, transactions, 1900, vol. 77, p. 423–432. DOI: 10.1039/CT9007700423. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

alcohol
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Additional substance description:

gallotannic acid
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

15.6 - 30
Internal remarks:

gallotannic acid (tannin) in leaves

Composition #2: Cheng, M.A., de Freitas, F.J. Therapeutic possibilities of coriaria myrtifolia L. in high dilutions. international journal of high dilution research, 2011, vol. 10, no. 36, p. 211–214. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Substance:

coriamyrtin (RF-00004218-PAR)
Additional substance description:

The entire plant contains a sesquiterpene-lactone called coriamyrtin, a potent convulsivant neurotoxin
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

The entire plant contains a sesquiterpene-lactone called coriamyrtin, a potent convulsivant neurotoxin

Endpoint study #1: Maloney, A. H. The pharmacological action of coriamyrtin. j. pharmacol., 1936, vol. 57, p. 361–75. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

coriamyrtin (RF-00004218-PAR)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

Rabbit (as animal) (A057T)
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Endpoint measured:

Dose producing lethality in 100% of experimental organisms (CHD075EP)
Concentration unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Effect concentration:

0.080
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

convulsion and mortality
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

Coriamyrtin (80 mg. per rabbit (weights not given)) causing convulsions and mortality

Endpoint study #2: Cheng, M.A., de Freitas, F.J. Therapeutic possibilities of coriaria myrtifolia L. in high dilutions. international journal of high dilution research, 2011, vol. 10, no. 36, p. 211–214. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

coriamyrtin (RF-00004218-PAR)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

Central Nervous System – generalized tonic-clonic seizures, recurrent, which may evolve to status epilepticus, coma, apnea and death.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

Central Nervous System – generalized tonic-clonic seizures, recurrent, which may evolve to status epilepticus, coma, apnea and death.

Endpoint study #3: Cheng, M.A., de Freitas, F.J. Therapeutic possibilities of coriaria myrtifolia L. in high dilutions. international journal of high dilution research, 2011, vol. 10, no. 36, p. 211–214. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

coriamyrtin (RF-00004218-PAR)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
Target tissue:

Respiratory (TT005A)
Effect description:

Respiratory Tract – respiratory depression due to anoxia, respiratory arrhythmia alternating with apnea, respiratory muscles tetanization evolving to respiratory arrest.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

Respiratory Tract – respiratory depression due to anoxia, respiratory arrhythmia alternating with apnea, respiratory muscles tetanization evolving to respiratory arrest.

Endpoint study #4: Cheng, M.A., de Freitas, F.J. Therapeutic possibilities of coriaria myrtifolia L. in high dilutions. international journal of high dilution research, 2011, vol. 10, no. 36, p. 211–214. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

coriamyrtin (RF-00004218-PAR)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Heart (TT011A)
Effect description:

Cardiovascular System – central excitatory action which may initially promote increased blood pressure followed by heart failure, as a result of the seizures, due to anoxia and acidosis, leading to cardiac arrest
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

Cardiovascular System – central excitatory action, increased blood pressure followed by heart failure, as a result of the seizures, due to anoxia and acidosis, leading to cardiac arrest.

Endpoint study #5: Cheng, M.A., de Freitas, F.J. Therapeutic possibilities of coriaria myrtifolia L. in high dilutions. international journal of high dilution research, 2011, vol. 10, no. 36, p. 211–214. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

coriamyrtin (RF-00004218-PAR)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

Gastrointestinal Tract – nausea, vomiting and stomach pains that precede seizures
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

Gastrointestinal Tract – nausea, vomiting and stomach pains that precede seizures

Endpoint study #6: Alonso Castell, P., Moreno Galdo, A., Sospedra Martinez, E., Roqueta Mas, J., Hidalgo Albert, E., Iglesias Berengue, J. Serious intoxication by Coriaria myrtifolia: a case study .. anales espanoles de pediatria, 1997, vol. 46, no. 1, p. 81–2. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

coriarin (RF-00004219-PAR)
Plant part:

Fruit peel (as part-nature) (A067G)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

alkaloid
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

respiratory and neurological severe symptoms
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

7-years old children were intoxicated from fruits causing respiratory and neurological severe symptoms (alakloid coriarine and the sesquiterpene lactone coriamirtine)

Endpoint study #7: de Haro, L., Pommier, P., Tichadou, L., Hayek-Lanthois, M., Arditti, J. Poisoning by Coriaria myrtifolia Linnaeus: a new case report and review of the literature . toxicon, 2005, vol. 46, no. 6, p. 600–603. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.06.026. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

coriamyrtin (RF-00004218-PAR)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

Neurologic (TT004A)
Effect description:

poisoning symptoms (hypotonia, lost consciousness, and went into generalized convulsion with eyes rolling back) in 8-years old boy
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

neurologic symptoms in a 8 years old boy

Endpoint study #8: de Haro, L., Pommier, P., Tichadou, L., Hayek-Lanthois, M., Arditti, J. Poisoning by Coriaria myrtifolia Linnaeus: a new case report and review of the literature . toxicon, 2005, vol. 46, no. 6, p. 600–603. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.06.026. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

coriamyrtin (RF-00004218-PAR)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

83
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

digestive signs (63% of the 83 patients) including abdominal pain and more rarely vomiting of dark material
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

digestive signs in 63% of the 83 patients

Endpoint study #9: de Haro, L., Pommier, P., Tichadou, L., Hayek-Lanthois, M., Arditti, J. Poisoning by Coriaria myrtifolia Linnaeus: a new case report and review of the literature . toxicon, 2005, vol. 46, no. 6, p. 600–603. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.06.026. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

coriamyrtin (RF-00004218-PAR)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

150.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Minute (G074A)
Number of organisms dosed:

83
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
Target tissue:

Respiratory (TT005A)
Effect description:

General manifestations included hypothermia (4%) and respiratory disorders such as apnea (7%)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

Coriamyrtin present in high concentrations in the berries (digestive and neurological manifestations including seizures, coma and apnea).

Endpoint study #10: de Haro, L., Pommier, P., Tichadou, L., Hayek-Lanthois, M., Arditti, J. Poisoning by Coriaria myrtifolia Linnaeus: a new case report and review of the literature . toxicon, 2005, vol. 46, no. 6, p. 600–603. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.06.026. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

coriamyrtin (RF-00004218-PAR)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

83
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

Neurologic (TT004A)
Effect description:

mortality (11 out of 83 patients) and other symptoms: convulsions, mydriasis, drowsiness obnubilation, hyperreflexia, hypertonia , lypothimia , coma, disorientation, trismus and opistothonos , severe headache, dizziness & agitation
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

mortality and other sympthoms (convulsions (31%), mydriasis (22%), drowsiness obnubilation (14%), hyperreflexia (13%), hypertonia (12%), lypothimia (11%), coma (10%), disorientation (10%), trismus and opistothonos (7%), severe headache (6%), dizziness & agitation (4%))