EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Coptis chinensis Franch.

Family:: Ranunculaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 3153
Number of processed references:: 8

Compositions

#1: Berberine in plants #2: Coptisine in plants #3: Coptisine in plants #4: Berberine in plants #5: Jatrorrhizine in plants #6: Palmatine in plants #7: Lycoranine B (an alkaloid) in plants #8: Jatrorrhizine in roots #9: Magnoflorine in roots #10: Columbamine in roots #11: Coptisine in roots #12: Epiberberine in roots #13: Noroxyhydrastinine in roots #14: Berberrubine in roots #15: Worenine in roots #16: Palmatine in roots #17: Berberine in roots #18: Oxyberberine in roots

Endpoint Studies

#1: Reduced body weight in female rats #2: Changes in relative organ weights in rats #3: Hepatotoxicity in rats #4: Kidney hematological signs in rats #5: Liver hematological signs in female rats #6: alpha-glucosidase inhibition #7: alpha-amylase inhibition in vitro #8: alpha-glucosidase inhibition in vitro

Genotoxicity

#1: Genotoxic in rats

Composition #1: Hou, Yulan., Wu, Tingting., Liu, Yaru., Wang, Hua., Chen, Yingzhuang., Chen, Bo., Sun, Wenjian. Direct analysis of quaternary alkaloids by in situ reactive desorption corona beam ionization MS. analyst (cambridge, united kingdom), 2014, vol. 139, no. 20, p. 5185–5191. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Raw, no heat treatment (A07HS)
Additional extraction description:

Dropping the saturated aqueous NaOH solution–methanol (3 : 7, v/v) reagent on the surface of herbal materials, followed by MS to identify quaternary alkaloids
Substance:

berberine (RF-00003706-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Mass Spectroscopy and hyphenated methods without chromatography (F063A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Berberine in plants

Composition #2: Hou, Yulan., Wu, Tingting., Liu, Yaru., Wang, Hua., Chen, Yingzhuang., Chen, Bo., Sun, Wenjian. Direct analysis of quaternary alkaloids by in situ reactive desorption corona beam ionization MS. analyst (cambridge, united kingdom), 2014, vol. 139, no. 20, p. 5185–5191. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Raw, no heat treatment (A07HS)
Additional extraction description:

Dropping the saturated aqueous NaOH solution–methanol (3 : 7, v/v) reagent on the surface of herbal materials, followed by MS to identify quaternary alkaloids
Substance:

coptisine (RF-00004215-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Mass Spectroscopy and hyphenated methods without chromatography (F063A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Coptisine in plants

Composition #3: Liu, Xi., Xing, Rongrong., Chen, Xuan., Hu, Shuang., Sheng, Xia., Bai, Xiaohong. DETERMINATION OF PROTOBERBERINE ALKALOIDS IN COPTIS CHINENSIS BY MICROEXTRACTION AND HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY . analytical letters, 2014, vol. 47, no. 16, p. 2655–2664. DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.921820. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5 g C. chinensis powder was added to 100mL methanol and 1mL HCl for 24 h, and subsequently ultrasonically treated for 50 min
Substance:

coptisine (RF-00004215-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-UV (F021A)
Analytical method - additional description:

pH-resolved filter membrane microextraction, followed by HPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.95
Internal remarks:

Coptisine in plants

Composition #4: Liu, Xi., Xing, Rongrong., Chen, Xuan., Hu, Shuang., Sheng, Xia., Bai, Xiaohong. DETERMINATION OF PROTOBERBERINE ALKALOIDS IN COPTIS CHINENSIS BY MICROEXTRACTION AND HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY . analytical letters, 2014, vol. 47, no. 16, p. 2655–2664. DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.921820. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5 g C. chinensis powder was added to 100mL methanol and 1mL HCl for 24 h, and subsequently ultrasonically treated for 50 min
Substance:

berberine (RF-00003706-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-UV (F021A)
Analytical method - additional description:

pH-resolved filter membrane microextraction, followed by HPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

7.18
Internal remarks:

Berberine in plants

Composition #5: Liu, Xi., Xing, Rongrong., Chen, Xuan., Hu, Shuang., Sheng, Xia., Bai, Xiaohong. DETERMINATION OF PROTOBERBERINE ALKALOIDS IN COPTIS CHINENSIS BY MICROEXTRACTION AND HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY . analytical letters, 2014, vol. 47, no. 16, p. 2655–2664. DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.921820. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5 g C. chinensis powder was added to 100mL methanol and 1mL HCl for 24 h, and subsequently ultrasonically treated for 50 min
Substance:

jatrorrhizine (RF-00003887-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-UV (F021A)
Analytical method - additional description:

pH-resolved filter membrane microextraction, followed by HPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.49
Internal remarks:

Jatrorrhizine in plants

Composition #6: Liu, Xi., Xing, Rongrong., Chen, Xuan., Hu, Shuang., Sheng, Xia., Bai, Xiaohong. DETERMINATION OF PROTOBERBERINE ALKALOIDS IN COPTIS CHINENSIS BY MICROEXTRACTION AND HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY . analytical letters, 2014, vol. 47, no. 16, p. 2655–2664. DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.921820. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5 g C. chinensis powder was added to 100mL methanol and 1mL HCl for 24 h, and subsequently ultrasonically treated for 50 min
Substance:

palmatine (RF-00003971-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-UV (F021A)
Analytical method - additional description:

pH-resolved filter membrane microextraction, followed by HPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.96
Internal remarks:

Palmatine in plants

Composition #7: Ge, Ai-hua., Bai, Yang., Li, Jin., Liu, Jiao., He, Jun., Liu, Er-wei., Zhang, Peng., Zhang, Bo-li., Gao, Xiu-mei., Chang, Yan-xu. An activity-integrated strategy involving ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and fraction collector for rapid screening and characterization of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in Coptis chinensis Franch. (Huanglian) . journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2014, vol. 100, p. 79–87. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.07.025. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

"lycoranine B"
Analytical method code:

LC-QTOF-MS (F337A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UHPLC-QTOF-MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Lycoranine B (an alkaloid) in plants

Composition #8: Huang, Ping., Qian, Xiaocui., Li, Junsong., Cui, Xiaobing., Chen, Lihua., Cai, Baochang., Tan, Shanzhong. Simultaneous Determination of 11 Alkaloids in Crude and Wine-Processed Rhizoma Coptidis by HPLC-PAD . journal of chromatographic science, 2015, vol. 53, no. 1, p. 73–78. DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

jatrorrhizine (RF-00003887-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC-PAD
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.75-2.81
Internal remarks:

Jatrorrhizine in roots

Composition #9: Huang, Ping., Qian, Xiaocui., Li, Junsong., Cui, Xiaobing., Chen, Lihua., Cai, Baochang., Tan, Shanzhong. Simultaneous Determination of 11 Alkaloids in Crude and Wine-Processed Rhizoma Coptidis by HPLC-PAD . journal of chromatographic science, 2015, vol. 53, no. 1, p. 73–78. DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

magnoflorine (RF-00003919-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC-PAD
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.09-2.13
Internal remarks:

Magnoflorine in roots

Composition #10: Huang, Ping., Qian, Xiaocui., Li, Junsong., Cui, Xiaobing., Chen, Lihua., Cai, Baochang., Tan, Shanzhong. Simultaneous Determination of 11 Alkaloids in Crude and Wine-Processed Rhizoma Coptidis by HPLC-PAD . journal of chromatographic science, 2015, vol. 53, no. 1, p. 73–78. DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

columbamine (RF-00011147-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC-PAD
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

22.37-22.48
Internal remarks:

Columbamine in roots

Composition #11: Huang, Ping., Qian, Xiaocui., Li, Junsong., Cui, Xiaobing., Chen, Lihua., Cai, Baochang., Tan, Shanzhong. Simultaneous Determination of 11 Alkaloids in Crude and Wine-Processed Rhizoma Coptidis by HPLC-PAD . journal of chromatographic science, 2015, vol. 53, no. 1, p. 73–78. DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

coptisine (RF-00004215-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC-PAD
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

11.34-11.99
Internal remarks:

Coptisine in roots

Composition #12: Huang, Ping., Qian, Xiaocui., Li, Junsong., Cui, Xiaobing., Chen, Lihua., Cai, Baochang., Tan, Shanzhong. Simultaneous Determination of 11 Alkaloids in Crude and Wine-Processed Rhizoma Coptidis by HPLC-PAD . journal of chromatographic science, 2015, vol. 53, no. 1, p. 73–78. DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Epiberberine (RF-00011173-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC-PAD
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

10.26-10.72
Internal remarks:

Epiberberine in roots

Composition #13: Huang, Ping., Qian, Xiaocui., Li, Junsong., Cui, Xiaobing., Chen, Lihua., Cai, Baochang., Tan, Shanzhong. Simultaneous Determination of 11 Alkaloids in Crude and Wine-Processed Rhizoma Coptidis by HPLC-PAD . journal of chromatographic science, 2015, vol. 53, no. 1, p. 73–78. DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Noroxyhydrastinine (RF-00011424-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC-PAD
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.15-0.18
Internal remarks:

Noroxyhydrastinine in roots

Composition #14: Huang, Ping., Qian, Xiaocui., Li, Junsong., Cui, Xiaobing., Chen, Lihua., Cai, Baochang., Tan, Shanzhong. Simultaneous Determination of 11 Alkaloids in Crude and Wine-Processed Rhizoma Coptidis by HPLC-PAD . journal of chromatographic science, 2015, vol. 53, no. 1, p. 73–78. DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Crude slices were mixed with rice wine (100:12.5, R.C./wine, w/w) and allowed to completely absorb the wine. Then the moistened slices were stir-fried in a 120-140 deg C metallic pan over a low flame untill they were completely dry.
Substance:

Berberrubine (RF-00013317-PAR)
Additional substance description:

*Berberrubine is a berberine alkaloid (group of concern). Detected only in wine-extracted samples.
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC-PAD
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.96-2.08
Internal remarks:

Berberrubine in roots

Composition #15: Huang, Ping., Qian, Xiaocui., Li, Junsong., Cui, Xiaobing., Chen, Lihua., Cai, Baochang., Tan, Shanzhong. Simultaneous Determination of 11 Alkaloids in Crude and Wine-Processed Rhizoma Coptidis by HPLC-PAD . journal of chromatographic science, 2015, vol. 53, no. 1, p. 73–78. DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Worenine
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC-PAD
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.02-0.03
Internal remarks:

Worenine in roots

Composition #16: Huang, Ping., Qian, Xiaocui., Li, Junsong., Cui, Xiaobing., Chen, Lihua., Cai, Baochang., Tan, Shanzhong. Simultaneous Determination of 11 Alkaloids in Crude and Wine-Processed Rhizoma Coptidis by HPLC-PAD . journal of chromatographic science, 2015, vol. 53, no. 1, p. 73–78. DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

palmatine (RF-00003971-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC-PAD
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9.05-9.37
Internal remarks:

Palmatine in roots

Composition #17: Huang, Ping., Qian, Xiaocui., Li, Junsong., Cui, Xiaobing., Chen, Lihua., Cai, Baochang., Tan, Shanzhong. Simultaneous Determination of 11 Alkaloids in Crude and Wine-Processed Rhizoma Coptidis by HPLC-PAD . journal of chromatographic science, 2015, vol. 53, no. 1, p. 73–78. DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

berberine (RF-00003706-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC-PAD
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

48.93-51.71
Internal remarks:

Berberine in roots

Composition #18: Huang, Ping., Qian, Xiaocui., Li, Junsong., Cui, Xiaobing., Chen, Lihua., Cai, Baochang., Tan, Shanzhong. Simultaneous Determination of 11 Alkaloids in Crude and Wine-Processed Rhizoma Coptidis by HPLC-PAD . journal of chromatographic science, 2015, vol. 53, no. 1, p. 73–78. DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu019. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Oxyberberine (RF-00013320-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC-PAD
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.05-0.08
Internal remarks:

Oxyberberine in roots

Endpoint study #1: Yi, Jun., Ye, Xiaoli., Wang, Dezhen., He, Kai., Yang, Yong., Liu, Xujing., Li, Xuegang. Safety evaluation of main alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis. journal of ethnopharmacology, 2013, vol. 145, no. 1, p. 303–310. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.062. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Type of toxicological test:

subchronic (CHD013TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Sprague-Dawley (CHD012ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

90.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

10
Control groups used:

yes, plain diet
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

521
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

Females had lower mean body weight than controls at end of experiment. Effect was similar but not significant in males.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

body weight (CHD005BE)
Internal remarks:

Reduced body weight in female rats

Endpoint study #2: Yi, Jun., Ye, Xiaoli., Wang, Dezhen., He, Kai., Yang, Yong., Liu, Xujing., Li, Xuegang. Safety evaluation of main alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis. journal of ethnopharmacology, 2013, vol. 145, no. 1, p. 303–310. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.062. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Type of toxicological test:

subchronic (CHD013TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Sprague-Dawley (CHD012ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

90.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

10
Control groups used:

yes, plain diet
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

521
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Heart (TT011A)
Effect description:

Both in females and males, the relative organ weights of heart and stomach were significantly lower than controls, while relative organ weights of liver, spleen, lung,kidney and brain were significantly increased.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

organ weights (CHD012BE)
Internal remarks:

Changes in relative organ weights in rats

Endpoint study #3: Yi, Jun., Ye, Xiaoli., Wang, Dezhen., He, Kai., Yang, Yong., Liu, Xujing., Li, Xuegang. Safety evaluation of main alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis. journal of ethnopharmacology, 2013, vol. 145, no. 1, p. 303–310. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.062. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Type of toxicological test:

subchronic (CHD013TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Sprague-Dawley (CHD012ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

90.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

10
Control groups used:

yes, plain diet
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

521
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

Increase in AST compared to controls.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

haematology (CHD023BE)
Internal remarks:

Hepatotoxicity in rats

Endpoint study #4: Lee, Yong-Hoon., Kim, Duyeol., Lee, Mi Ju., Kim, Myoung Jun., Jang, Ho-Song., Park, Sun Hee., Lee, Jung-Min., Lee, Hye-Yeong., Han, Beom Seok., Son, Woo-Chan., Seok, Ji Hyeon., Lee, Jong Kwon., Jeong, Jayoung., Kang, Jin Seok., Kang, Jong-Koo. Subchronic toxicity study of Coptidis Rhizoma in rats. journal of ethnopharmacology, 2014, vol. 152, no. 3, p. 457–463. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.011. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

unspecified details
Type of toxicological test:

subchronic (CHD013TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Fischer344 (CHD009ST)
Route of exposure:

ORAL: DRINKING WATER (OECD2229PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

10
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

2000
Critical effect:

NEPHROTOXICITY (TOX03A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Kidneys (TT046A)
Effect description:

Significant increase in creatinine in males and females, and NAG in females only, compared to controls.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

haematology (CHD023BE)
Internal remarks:

Kidney hematological signs in rats

Endpoint study #5: Lee, Yong-Hoon., Kim, Duyeol., Lee, Mi Ju., Kim, Myoung Jun., Jang, Ho-Song., Park, Sun Hee., Lee, Jung-Min., Lee, Hye-Yeong., Han, Beom Seok., Son, Woo-Chan., Seok, Ji Hyeon., Lee, Jong Kwon., Jeong, Jayoung., Kang, Jin Seok., Kang, Jong-Koo. Subchronic toxicity study of Coptidis Rhizoma in rats. journal of ethnopharmacology, 2014, vol. 152, no. 3, p. 457–463. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.011. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

unspecified details
Type of toxicological test:

subchronic (CHD013TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Fischer344 (CHD009ST)
Route of exposure:

ORAL: DRINKING WATER (OECD2229PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

10
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

2000
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

Significant increase in AST in females only, compared to controls.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

haematology (CHD023BE)
Internal remarks:

Liver hematological signs in female rats

Endpoint study #6: Ge, Ai-hua., Bai, Yang., Li, Jin., Liu, Jiao., He, Jun., Liu, Er-wei., Zhang, Peng., Zhang, Bo-li., Gao, Xiu-mei., Chang, Yan-xu. An activity-integrated strategy involving ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and fraction collector for rapid screening and characterization of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in Coptis chinensis Franch. (Huanglian) . journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2014, vol. 100, p. 79–87. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.07.025. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/millilitre (G191A)
Effect concentration:

3.528
Critical effect:

ENDOCRINE (TOX12A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity with the IC50value at 3.528 mg mL-1
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition

Endpoint study #7: Ma, Bingxin., Tong, Jing., Zhou, Gao., Mo, Qigui., He, Jingsheng., Wang, Youwei. Coptis chinensis inflorescence ameliorates hyperglycaemia in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice . journal of functional foods, 2016, vol. 21, p. 455–462. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.12.021. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

70% methanol
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Tested organism:

Bacillus subtilis (as organism) (A0CJY)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/millilitre (G191A)
Effect concentration:

50
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

92.59% inhibition of alpha-amylase
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha-amylase inhibition in vitro

Endpoint study #8: Ma, Bingxin., Tong, Jing., Zhou, Gao., Mo, Qigui., He, Jingsheng., Wang, Youwei. Coptis chinensis inflorescence ameliorates hyperglycaemia in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice . journal of functional foods, 2016, vol. 21, p. 455–462. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.12.021. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

70% methanol
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Tested organism:

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (as organism) (A0CPH)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/millilitre (G191A)
Effect concentration:

50
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

81.41% inhibition of alpha-glucosidase
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition in vitro

Genotox #1: Zhou, J., Ouedraogo, M., Qu, F., Duez, P. Potential genotoxicity of traditional Chinese medicinal plants and phytochemicals: An overview. phytotherapy research, 2013, vol. 27, no. 12, p. 1745–1755. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4942. [DOI link]

Study category:

Genotoxicity
Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

No data
Exogenous metabolic activation applied:

no data
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

Review article stated that this plant is genotoxic, no details provided.
Internal remarks:

Genotoxic in rats
Internal ID:

eid=2-s2.0-84890560153