EFSA
ecomole
vscht
  2. Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. // Cucumis colocynthis L.

Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. // Cucumis colocynthis L.

Family:
Cucurbitaceae
Approval state:
Approved
Number of articles retrieved:
1378
Number of processed references:
14
Compositions
#1: saponins (root) #2: Alkaloids (leaves) #3: Alkaloids (stem) #4: saponins (leaves) #5: Alkaloids (root) #6: saponins (stem) #7: Saponins were extracted from Citrullus colocynthis seeds with water-ethanol (2:1). #8: Alkaloids were extracted from Citrullus colocythis seeds with 2% HCl-ethylacetate. #9: Cucurbitacin glycosides were extracted from Citrullus colocynthis with chloroform. #10: Alkaloids (seeds) #11: cyanogenic glycosides (seeds) #12: oxalates (seeds) #13: Trypsin inhibitors (seeds) #14: Tannins (seed) #15: Phytates in seeds #16: A saponin has been extracted from the Citrullus colocynthis plant. #17: Coumarins #18: Cucurbitacin glucoside E and Cucurbitacin glucoside I in Fruit
Endpoint Studies
#1: Acute toxicity in mice a dose dependent toxic effect #2: Subchronic toxicity study in mice (dose level of 500 mg/kg. bw) #3: Reversible Hepatoxicity of plant fruit #4: The acute toxicity in rats after intake of the dried fruit powder (adverse effects on the function of the liver, kidney and bone marrow and symptoms such as diarrhea, alternation in hair, heart rate, breathing, soft feces and organ weights) #5: Acute toxicity and histopathological effects of saponin extracted from the plant on mice; LD50 of the saponin was 200 mg/kg. #6: Acute rectorrhagia preceeded by mucosal and bloody diarrhoea #7: In a six week subchronic toxicity study in the rat , fruit powder (10%) with negative effect on digestion, body weight and hepatic damage #8: Five case reports indicated that the consumption of Citrullus colocynthis fruits resulted into bloody diarrhea evolving into overt rectorrhagia. #9: mortality and decrease in fertility in mice
Genotoxicity
#1: mutagenicity and genotoxic effect in rats
Composition #1: Murugesan, S., Muthusamy, M. Screening and quantitative estimation of phytochemical constituents in Citrullus colocynthis (Linn.) Schrad.. international journal of research in phytochemistry & pharmacology, 2011, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 176–179. .
Composition #2: Murugesan, S., Muthusamy, M. Screening and quantitative estimation of phytochemical constituents in Citrullus colocynthis (Linn.) Schrad.. international journal of research in phytochemistry & pharmacology, 2011, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 176–179. .
Composition #3: Murugesan, S., Muthusamy, M. Screening and quantitative estimation of phytochemical constituents in Citrullus colocynthis (Linn.) Schrad.. international journal of research in phytochemistry & pharmacology, 2011, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 176–179. .
Composition #4: Murugesan, S., Muthusamy, M. Screening and quantitative estimation of phytochemical constituents in Citrullus colocynthis (Linn.) Schrad.. international journal of research in phytochemistry & pharmacology, 2011, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 176–179. .
Composition #5: Murugesan, S., Muthusamy, M. Screening and quantitative estimation of phytochemical constituents in Citrullus colocynthis (Linn.) Schrad.. international journal of research in phytochemistry & pharmacology, 2011, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 176–179. .
Composition #6: Murugesan, S., Muthusamy, M. Screening and quantitative estimation of phytochemical constituents in Citrullus colocynthis (Linn.) Schrad.. international journal of research in phytochemistry & pharmacology, 2011, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 176–179. .
Composition #7: Lahfa, F. B., Azzi, R., Mezouar, D., Djaziri, R. Hypoglycemic effect of Citrullus colocynthis extracts. phytotherapie (paris), 2017, vol. 15, no. 2, p. 50–56. DOI: 10.1007/s10298-015-0997-4. [DOI link]
Composition #8: Lahfa, F. B., Azzi, R., Mezouar, D., Djaziri, R. Hypoglycemic effect of Citrullus colocynthis extracts. phytotherapie (paris), 2017, vol. 15, no. 2, p. 50–56. DOI: 10.1007/s10298-015-0997-4. [DOI link]
Composition #9: Lahfa, F. B., Azzi, R., Mezouar, D., Djaziri, R. Hypoglycemic effect of Citrullus colocynthis extracts. phytotherapie (paris), 2017, vol. 15, no. 2, p. 50–56. DOI: 10.1007/s10298-015-0997-4. [DOI link]
Composition #10: Igwenyi, I.O., Ezeifedika, O.M., Agbafor, K.N., Offor, C.E., Ibiam, U.A., Aja, P.M. Anti-nutritional factors in afzelia afrcana and citrullus colocynthis and effects of the seeds on liver enzyme activities of albino rats. indian journal of science and technology, 2013, vol. 6, no. 7, p. 5008–5012. .
Composition #11: Igwenyi, I.O., Ezeifedika, O.M., Agbafor, K.N., Offor, C.E., Ibiam, U.A., Aja, P.M. Anti-nutritional factors in afzelia afrcana and citrullus colocynthis and effects of the seeds on liver enzyme activities of albino rats. indian journal of science and technology, 2013, vol. 6, no. 7, p. 5008–5012. .
Composition #12: Igwenyi, I.O., Ezeifedika, O.M., Agbafor, K.N., Offor, C.E., Ibiam, U.A., Aja, P.M. Anti-nutritional factors in afzelia afrcana and citrullus colocynthis and effects of the seeds on liver enzyme activities of albino rats. indian journal of science and technology, 2013, vol. 6, no. 7, p. 5008–5012. .
Composition #13: Igwenyi, I.O., Ezeifedika, O.M., Agbafor, K.N., Offor, C.E., Ibiam, U.A., Aja, P.M. Anti-nutritional factors in afzelia afrcana and citrullus colocynthis and effects of the seeds on liver enzyme activities of albino rats. indian journal of science and technology, 2013, vol. 6, no. 7, p. 5008–5012. .
Composition #14: Igwenyi, I.O., Ezeifedika, O.M., Agbafor, K.N., Offor, C.E., Ibiam, U.A., Aja, P.M. Anti-nutritional factors in afzelia afrcana and citrullus colocynthis and effects of the seeds on liver enzyme activities of albino rats. indian journal of science and technology, 2013, vol. 6, no. 7, p. 5008–5012. .
Composition #15: Igwenyi, I.O., Ezeifedika, O.M., Agbafor, K.N., Offor, C.E., Ibiam, U.A., Aja, P.M. Anti-nutritional factors in afzelia afrcana and citrullus colocynthis and effects of the seeds on liver enzyme activities of albino rats. indian journal of science and technology, 2013, vol. 6, no. 7, p. 5008–5012. .
Composition #16: Diwan, F H., Abdel-Hassan, I A., Mohammed, S T. Effect of saponin on mortality and histopathological changes in mice.. eastern mediterranean health journal = la revue de sante de la mediterranee orientale = al-majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit, 2000, vol. 6, no. 2-3, p. 345–51. .
Composition #17: Madari, H., Jacobs, RS. An analysis of cytotoxic botanical formulations used in the traditional medicine of ancient Persia as abortifacients . journal of natural products, 2004, vol. 67, no. 8, p. 1204–1210. DOI: 10.1021/np049953r. [DOI link]
Composition #18: Ayyad, Seif-Eldin N., Abdel-Lateff, Ahmed., Alarif, Walied M., Patacchioli, Francesca R., Badria, Farid A., Ezmirly, Saleh T. In vitro and in vivo study of cucurbitacins-type triterpene glucoside from Citrullus colocynthis growing in Saudi Arabia against hepatocellular carcinoma . environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 2012, vol. 33, no. 2, p. 245–251. DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.12.010. [DOI link]
Endpoint study #1: Shah, A.H., Qureshi, S., Tariq, M., Ageel, A.M. Toxicity studies on six plants used in the traditional Arab system of medicine. phytotherapy research, 1989, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 25–29. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2650030107. [DOI link]
Endpoint study #2: Shah, A.H., Qureshi, S., Tariq, M., Ageel, A.M. Toxicity studies on six plants used in the traditional Arab system of medicine. phytotherapy research, 1989, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 25–29. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2650030107. [DOI link]
Endpoint study #3: Rezvani, M., Hassanpour, M., Khodashenas, M., Naseh, G., Abdollahi, M., Mehrpour, O. Citrullus colocynthis (bitter apple) poisoning; a case report. indian journal of forensic medicine and toxicology, 2011, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 25–27. .
Endpoint study #4: Soufane, S., Bedda, A., Mahdeb, N., Bouzidi, A. Acute toxicity study on citrullus colocynthis fruit methanol extract in albino rats. journal of applied pharmaceutical science, 2013, vol. 3, no. 6, p. 88–93. DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2013.3614. [DOI link]
Endpoint study #5: Diwan, F H., Abdel-Hassan, I A., Mohammed, S T. Effect of saponin on mortality and histopathological changes in mice.. eastern mediterranean health journal = la revue de sante de la mediterranee orientale = al-majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit, 2000, vol. 6, no. 2-3, p. 345–51. .
Endpoint study #6: Javadzadeh, Hamid Reza., Davoudi, Amir., Davoudi, Farnoush., Valizadegan, Ghasem., Goodarzi, Hasan., Mahmoodi, Sadrollah., Ghane, Mohammad Reza., Faraji, Mehrdad. Citrullus colocynthis as the Cause of Acute Rectorrhagia.. case reports in emergency medicine, 2013, vol. 2013, p. 652192–652192. DOI: 10.1155/2013/652192. [DOI link]
Endpoint study #7: Al-Yahya, MA., Al-Farhan, AH., Adam, SEI. Preliminary toxicity study on the individual and combined effects of Citrullus colocynthis and Nerium oleander in rats . fitoterapia, 2000, vol. 71, no. 4, p. 385–391. DOI: 10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00135-0. [DOI link]
Endpoint study #8: Khan, SA., Shelleh, HH., Bhat, AR., Bhat, KS. Colocynth toxicity - A possible cause of bloody diarrhea. saudi medical journal, 2003, vol. 24, no. 8, p. 904–906. .
Endpoint study #9: Dehghani, F., Azizi, M., Panjehshahin, M. R., Talaei-Khozani, T., Mesbah, F. Toxic effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Citrullus colocynthis on pregnant mice . iranian journal of veterinary research, 2008, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 42–45. .
Genotox #1: Hassanane, M. S., El Fiky, S., Abd-El-Baset, S. A., Shouman, T. M., El-Nahass, E. A genotoxic study of Citrullus colocynthis extract. bulletin of the national research centre (egypt), 2001, vol. 26, no. 2, p. 223–235. .