EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Cassia (as plant) // Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees // Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl

Family:: Lauraceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 2656
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: Coumarin in bark #2: eugenol in bark #3: trans-cinnamaldehyde in bark #4: Cinnamaldehyde in bark #5: o-hydroxycinnamic acid in wood essential oil #6: Benzaldehyde in wood essential oil #7: trans-cinnamaldehyde in wood essential oil #8: Benzoic acid in twigs #9: Cinnamaldehyde in twigs #10: (+)-Syringaresinol in twigs #11: Coumarin in twigs

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Abraham, Klaus., Woehrlin, Friederike., Lindtner, Oliver., Heinemeyer, Gerhard., Lampen, Alfonso. Toxicology and risk assessment of coumarin: Focus on human data. molecular nutrition & food research, 2010, vol. 54, no. 2, p. 228–239. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Substance:

Coumarin (RF-00000370-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Analytical method - additional description:

review article - no details
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

700-12230
Internal remarks:

Coumarin in bark

Composition #2: Lee, HS., Kim, SY., Lee, CH., Ahn, YJ. Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of Cinnamomum cassia bark-derived materials . journal of microbiology and biotechnology, 2004, vol. 14, no. 6, p. 1176–1181. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol, then partitioned into hexane fraction used for isolation of active component
Substance:

Eugenol (RF-00003807-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: IR, NMR, MS, UV
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

eugenol in bark

Composition #3: Lee, HS., Kim, SY., Lee, CH., Ahn, YJ. Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of Cinnamomum cassia bark-derived materials . journal of microbiology and biotechnology, 2004, vol. 14, no. 6, p. 1176–1181. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol, then partitioned into hexane fraction used for isolation of active component
Substance:

cinnamaldehyde (RF-00003742-PAR)
Additional substance description:

"trans-cinnamaldehyde"
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: IR, NMR, MS, UV
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

trans-cinnamaldehyde in bark

Composition #4: Wondrak, Georg Thomas., Villeneuve, Nicole F., Lamore, Sarah D., Bause, Alexandra S., Jiang, Tao., Zhang, Donna D. The Cinnamon-Derived Dietary Factor Cinnamic Aldehyde Activates the Nrf2-Dependent Antioxidant Response in Human Epithelial Colon Cells . molecules, 2010, vol. 15, no. 5, p. 3338–3355. DOI: 10.3390/molecules15053338. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

cinnamaldehyde (RF-00003742-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5.8
Internal remarks:

Cinnamaldehyde in bark

Composition #5: Kim, Junheon., Jang, Miyeon., Shin, Eunsik., Kim, Jeongmin., Lee, Si Hyeock., Park, Chung Gyoo. Fumigant and contact toxicity of 22 wooden essential oils and their major components against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) . pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 2016, vol. 133, p. 35–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.03.007. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Wood (as part-nature) (A166P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

p-coumaric acid (RF-00010717-PAR)
Additional substance description:

o-hydroxycinnamic acid
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.3
Internal remarks:

o-hydroxycinnamic acid in wood essential oil

Composition #6: Kim, Junheon., Jang, Miyeon., Shin, Eunsik., Kim, Jeongmin., Lee, Si Hyeock., Park, Chung Gyoo. Fumigant and contact toxicity of 22 wooden essential oils and their major components against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) . pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 2016, vol. 133, p. 35–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.03.007. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Wood (as part-nature) (A166P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Benzaldehyde (RF-00008323-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.0
Internal remarks:

Benzaldehyde in wood essential oil

Composition #7: Kim, Junheon., Jang, Miyeon., Shin, Eunsik., Kim, Jeongmin., Lee, Si Hyeock., Park, Chung Gyoo. Fumigant and contact toxicity of 22 wooden essential oils and their major components against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) . pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 2016, vol. 133, p. 35–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.03.007. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Wood (as part-nature) (A166P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

cinnamaldehyde (RF-00003742-PAR)
Additional substance description:

"trans-cinnamaldehyde"
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

81.6
Internal remarks:

trans-cinnamaldehyde in wood essential oil

Composition #8: Kim, Geum Jin., Lee, Jong Yeong., Choi, Hyun Gyu., Kim, So Young., Kim, Eonmi., Shim, Sang Hee., Nam, Joo-Won., Kim, Sang-Hyun., Choi, Hyukjae. Cinnamomulactone, a new butyrolactone from the twigs of Cinnamomum cassia and its inhibitory activity of matrix metalloproteinases . archives of pharmacal research, 2017, vol. 40, no. 3, p. 304–310. DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0877-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Wood (as part-nature) (A166P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

8.7 kg twigs extracted with 80% methanol and dried to yield 480g extract
Substance:

Benzoic acid (RF-00000052-ADD)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: NMR
Result unit:

Milligram (G155A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

20.0
Internal remarks:

Benzoic acid in twigs

Composition #9: Kim, Geum Jin., Lee, Jong Yeong., Choi, Hyun Gyu., Kim, So Young., Kim, Eonmi., Shim, Sang Hee., Nam, Joo-Won., Kim, Sang-Hyun., Choi, Hyukjae. Cinnamomulactone, a new butyrolactone from the twigs of Cinnamomum cassia and its inhibitory activity of matrix metalloproteinases . archives of pharmacal research, 2017, vol. 40, no. 3, p. 304–310. DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0877-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Wood (as part-nature) (A166P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

8.7 kg twigs extracted with 80% methanol and dried to yield 480g extract
Substance:

cinnamaldehyde (RF-00003742-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: NMR
Result unit:

Gram (G148A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

11.2
Internal remarks:

Cinnamaldehyde in twigs

Composition #10: Kim, Geum Jin., Lee, Jong Yeong., Choi, Hyun Gyu., Kim, So Young., Kim, Eonmi., Shim, Sang Hee., Nam, Joo-Won., Kim, Sang-Hyun., Choi, Hyukjae. Cinnamomulactone, a new butyrolactone from the twigs of Cinnamomum cassia and its inhibitory activity of matrix metalloproteinases . archives of pharmacal research, 2017, vol. 40, no. 3, p. 304–310. DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0877-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Wood (as part-nature) (A166P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

8.7 kg twigs extracted with 80% methanol and dried to yield 480g extract
Substance:

syringaresinol (RF-00011386-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: NMR
Result unit:

Milligram (G155A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

38.8
Internal remarks:

(+)-Syringaresinol in twigs

Composition #11: Kim, Geum Jin., Lee, Jong Yeong., Choi, Hyun Gyu., Kim, So Young., Kim, Eonmi., Shim, Sang Hee., Nam, Joo-Won., Kim, Sang-Hyun., Choi, Hyukjae. Cinnamomulactone, a new butyrolactone from the twigs of Cinnamomum cassia and its inhibitory activity of matrix metalloproteinases . archives of pharmacal research, 2017, vol. 40, no. 3, p. 304–310. DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0877-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Wood (as part-nature) (A166P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

8.7 kg twigs extracted with 80% methanol and dried to yield 480g extract
Substance:

Coumarin (RF-00000370-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Also: NMR
Result unit:

Milligram (G155A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

874.6
Internal remarks:

Coumarin in twigs