EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. // Rhus javanica L.

Family:: Simaroubaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 853
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: Bruceine D #2: Bruceine E #3: pregnane glycoside in seeds #4: Javanicolide H #5: Javanic acid A and B #6: quassinoids in seeds #7: lignans in seeds

Endpoint Studies

#1: DL50 methanolic extracts of B. javanica #2: Methanolic extract reduced blood glucose levels of mice by 41% at 32 mg/kg

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Shahida, Ajmi Noor., Choo, Chee Yan., Wong, Tin Wui. Acute/subchronic oral toxicity of Brucea javanica seeds with hypoglycemic activity . journal of natural remedies, 2011, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 60–68. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Butanol
Substance:

quassinoids (RF-00004311-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Bruceine D
Analytical method code:

UV/VIS spectroscopy (photometry) (F009A)
Analytical method - additional description:

nuclear magnetic resonance, mass, infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy techniques
Result unit:

Percent/volume (G088A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

10.3
Internal remarks:

Bruceine D

Composition #2: Shahida, Ajmi Noor., Choo, Chee Yan., Wong, Tin Wui. Acute/subchronic oral toxicity of Brucea javanica seeds with hypoglycemic activity . journal of natural remedies, 2011, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 60–68. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Butanol
Substance:

quassinoids (RF-00004311-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Bruceine E
Analytical method code:

UV/VIS spectroscopy (photometry) (F009A)
Analytical method - additional description:

nuclear magnetic resonance, mass, infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy techniques
Result unit:

Percent/volume (G088A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.4
Internal remarks:

Bruceine E

Composition #3: Liu, Jie-Qing., Wang, Cui-Fang., Li, Xing-Yao., Chen, Jian-Chao., Li, Yan., Qiu, Ming-Hua. One New Pregnane Glycoside from the Seeds of Cultivated Brucea javanica. archives of pharmacal research, 2011, vol. 34, no. 8, p. 1297–1300. DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0809-5. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

pregnane derivatives (RF-00004313-PAR)
Additional substance description:

(20R)-O-(3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl- pregn-5-en-3β, 20-diol
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

1 and 2D NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

pregnane glycoside in seeds

Composition #4: Liu, Jun-Hong., Zhao, Nan., Zhang, Gui-Jie., Yu, Shi-Shan., Wu, Li-Jun., Qu, Jing., Ma, Shuang-Gang., Chen, Xiao-Guang., Zhang, Tian-Qi., Bai, Jian., Chen, Hui., Fang, Zhen-Feng., Zhao, Fen., Tang, Wei-Bin. Bioactive Quassinoids from the Seeds of Brucea javanica. journal of natural products, 2012, vol. 75, no. 4, p. 683–688. DOI: 10.1021/np200920c. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

95% ethanol
Substance:

quassinoids (RF-00004311-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Javanicolide H
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Javanicolide H

Composition #5: Liu, Jun-Hong., Zhao, Nan., Zhang, Gui-Jie., Yu, Shi-Shan., Wu, Li-Jun., Qu, Jing., Ma, Shuang-Gang., Chen, Xiao-Guang., Zhang, Tian-Qi., Bai, Jian., Chen, Hui., Fang, Zhen-Feng., Zhao, Fen., Tang, Wei-Bin. Bioactive Quassinoids from the Seeds of Brucea javanica. journal of natural products, 2012, vol. 75, no. 4, p. 683–688. DOI: 10.1021/np200920c. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

95% ethanol
Substance:

quassinoids (RF-00004311-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Javanic acid A and B
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Javanic acid A and B

Composition #6: Dong, Shi-Hui., Liu, Jia., Ge, Ying-Zi., Dong, Lei., Xu, Cheng-Hui., Ding, Jian., Yue, Jian-Min. Chemical constituents from Brucea javanica. phytochemistry, 2013, vol. 85, p. 175–184. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.08.018. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanolic extract
Substance:

quassinoids (RF-00004311-PAR)
Additional substance description:

bruceine B and C, brusatol and bruceantinol
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

ESIMS, C and H NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

quassinoids in seeds

Composition #7: Dong, Shi-Hui., Liu, Jia., Ge, Ying-Zi., Dong, Lei., Xu, Cheng-Hui., Ding, Jian., Yue, Jian-Min. Chemical constituents from Brucea javanica. phytochemistry, 2013, vol. 85, p. 175–184. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.08.018. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanolic extract
Substance:

lignans (RF-00004361-PAR)
Additional substance description:

wikstroemol, medioresinol, (+)-isolariciresinol and pinoresinol
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

ESIMS, C and H NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

lignans in seeds

Endpoint study #1: Shahida, Ajmi Noor., Choo, Chee Yan., Wong, Tin Wui. Acute/subchronic oral toxicity of Brucea javanica seeds with hypoglycemic activity . journal of natural remedies, 2011, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 60–68. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

Methanol
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

10
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Lethal dose rate in 50% of experimental organisms (CHD029EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

281.71
Critical effect:

NOT REPORTED (TOX17A)
Effect description:

LD50 = of 281.71 mg extract/kg body weight of mouse
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

DL50 methanolic extracts of B. javanica

Endpoint study #2: Shahida, Ajmi Noor., Choo, Chee Yan., Wong, Tin Wui. Acute/subchronic oral toxicity of Brucea javanica seeds with hypoglycemic activity . journal of natural remedies, 2011, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 60–68. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

Methanol, butanol
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

10
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

32
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Cardiovascular / Haematological (TT001A)
Effect description:

blood glucose concentration reduced by 41 % in mice 8 hours after receiving 32 mg/kg dose of methanolic extract
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

haematology (CHD023BE)
Internal remarks:

Methanolic extract reduced blood glucose levels of mice by 41% at 32 mg/kg