EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Boerhavia diffusa L.

Family:: Nyctaginaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 727
Number of processed references:: 8

Compositions

#1: calcium oxalate in whole parts of the plant #2: tannins in whole parts of the plant #3: saponins in whole parts of the plant #4: Boeravinone B #5: Boeravinone D, boeravinone E, boeravinone G and boeravinone H #6: Coccineone B, E #7: Boeravinones A, B, C, E, G, H, I, J #8: punarnavine in unspecified part #9: Punarnavine in roots (lunamarine) #10: Boeravinone B in roots #11: Gallic acid in roots #12: syringaresinol mono-beta-D-glucoside in roots #13: liriodendrin in roots

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Edeoga, H. O., Ikem, C. I. Tannins, saponins and calcium oxalate crystals from Nigerian species of Boerhavia L. (Nyctaginaceae). . south african journal of botany, 2002, vol. 68, no. 4, p. 386–388. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

aqueous acetone (whole parts of the plant)
Substance:

Calcium oxalate (RF-00003960-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

calcium oxalate in whole parts of the plant

Composition #2: Edeoga, H. O., Ikem, C. I. Tannins, saponins and calcium oxalate crystals from Nigerian species of Boerhavia L. (Nyctaginaceae). . south african journal of botany, 2002, vol. 68, no. 4, p. 386–388. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

aqueous acetone (whole parts of the plant)
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tannins in whole parts of the plant

Composition #3: Edeoga, H. O., Ikem, C. I. Tannins, saponins and calcium oxalate crystals from Nigerian species of Boerhavia L. (Nyctaginaceae). . south african journal of botany, 2002, vol. 68, no. 4, p. 386–388. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

aqueous acetone (whole parts of the plant)
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

saponins in whole parts of the plant

Composition #4: Gomes, A.D., Vaidya, V.V., Bhagat, R.D., Gadgil, J.N. Separation and quantification of pharmacologically active markers Boeravinone B, Eupalitin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside and β-sitosterol from Boeravia diffusa Linn. and from marketed formulation. international journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, 2013, vol. 5, no. 3, p. 953–956. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

soxhlet extraction
Substance:

boeravinone B (RF-00004453-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV at 342nm
Result unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

15-105
Internal remarks:

Boeravinone B

Composition #5: Borrelli, F., Milic, N., Ascione, V., Capasso, R., Izzo, AA., Capasso, F., Petrucci, F., Valente, R., Fattorusso, E., Taglialatela-Scafati, O. Isolation of new rotenoids from Boerhaavia diffusa and evaluation of their effect on intestinal motility . planta medica, 2005, vol. 71, no. 10, p. 928–932. DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-871282. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Substance:

rotenoids (RF-00010809-PAR)
Additional substance description:

boeravinone D, boeravinone E, boeravinone G and boeravinone H
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HR-EI-MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Boeravinone D, boeravinone E, boeravinone G and boeravinone H

Composition #6: Ahmed-Belkacem, Abdelhakim., Macalou, Sira., Borrelli, Francesca., Capasso, Raffaele., Fattorusso, Ernesto., Taglialatela-Scafati, Orazio., Di Pietro, Attilio. Nonprenylated rotenoids, a new class of potent breast cancer resistance protein inhibitors . journal of medicinal chemistry, 2007, vol. 50, no. 8, p. 1933–1938. DOI: 10.1021/jm061450q. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

rotenoids (RF-00010809-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Coccineone B, E
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Coccineone B, E

Composition #7: Ahmed-Belkacem, Abdelhakim., Macalou, Sira., Borrelli, Francesca., Capasso, Raffaele., Fattorusso, Ernesto., Taglialatela-Scafati, Orazio., Di Pietro, Attilio. Nonprenylated rotenoids, a new class of potent breast cancer resistance protein inhibitors . journal of medicinal chemistry, 2007, vol. 50, no. 8, p. 1933–1938. DOI: 10.1021/jm061450q. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

rotenoids (RF-00010809-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Boeravinones A,B,C,E,G,H,I,J
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Boeravinones A, B, C, E, G, H, I, J

Composition #8: Manu, K. A., Kuttan, Girija. Effect of Punarnavine, an alkaloid from Boerhaavia diffusa, on cell-mediated immune responses and TIMP-1 in B16F-10 metastatic melanoma-bearing mice . immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology, 2007, vol. 29, no. 3-4, p. 569–586. DOI: 10.1080/08923970701692676. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol - chloroform
Substance:

punarnavine (RF-00003563-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.01
Internal remarks:

punarnavine in unspecified part

Composition #9: Aher, Vaibhav., Chattopadhyay, Pronobesh., Goyary, Danswrang., Veer, Vijay. Evaluation of the Genotoxic and Antigenotoxic Potential of the Alkaloid Punarnavine from Boerhaavia diffusa . planta medica, 2013, vol. 79, no. 11, p. 939–945. DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1328717. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

chloroform
Substance:

punarnavine (RF-00003563-PAR)
Additional substance description:

lunamarine
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Punarnavine in roots (lunamarine)

Composition #10: Tacchini, Massimo., Spagnoletti, Antonella., Marieschi, Matteo., Caligiani, Augusta., Bruni, Renato., Efferth, Thomas., Sacchetti, Gianni., Guerrini, Alessandra. Phytochemical profile and bioactivity of traditional ayurvedic decoctions and hydro-alcoholic macerations of Boerhaavia diffusa L. and Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. . natural product research, 2015, vol. 29, no. 22, p. 2071–2079. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.1003299. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water - alcohol
Substance:

boeravinone B (RF-00004453-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.014
Internal remarks:

Boeravinone B in roots

Composition #11: Tacchini, Massimo., Spagnoletti, Antonella., Marieschi, Matteo., Caligiani, Augusta., Bruni, Renato., Efferth, Thomas., Sacchetti, Gianni., Guerrini, Alessandra. Phytochemical profile and bioactivity of traditional ayurvedic decoctions and hydro-alcoholic macerations of Boerhaavia diffusa L. and Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. . natural product research, 2015, vol. 29, no. 22, p. 2071–2079. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.1003299. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water - alcohol
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

8.66
Internal remarks:

Gallic acid in roots

Composition #12: LAMI, N., KADOTA, S., KIKUCHI, T., MOMOSE, Y. CONSTITUENTS OF THE ROOTS OF BOERHAAVIA-DIFFUSA L .3. IDENTIFICATION OF CA-2+ CHANNEL ANTAGONISTIC COMPOUND FROM THE METHANOL EXTRACT . chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 1991, vol. 39, no. 6, p. 1551–1555. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

syringaresinol (RF-00011386-PAR)
Additional substance description:

syringaresinol mono-beta-D-glucoside
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

C-NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

syringaresinol mono-beta-D-glucoside in roots

Composition #13: LAMI, N., KADOTA, S., KIKUCHI, T., MOMOSE, Y. CONSTITUENTS OF THE ROOTS OF BOERHAAVIA-DIFFUSA L .3. IDENTIFICATION OF CA-2+ CHANNEL ANTAGONISTIC COMPOUND FROM THE METHANOL EXTRACT . chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 1991, vol. 39, no. 6, p. 1551–1555. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Liriodendrin (RF-00011085-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

C-NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

liriodendrin in roots