EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Belamcanda punctata Moench // B. chinensis (L.) DC.

Family:: Iridaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 543
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: Irigenin in rhizomes #2: tectorigenin in rhizomes #3: Isoflaovones in rhizomes #4: Iridin in rhizomes #5: Genistein in rhizomes #6: Irilone in rhizomes #7: Isoflavones in an unspecified part of the plant (commercial powder). #8: Irigenin in rhizomes. #9: Tectorigenin in rhizomes. #10: Iridin in rhizomes. #11: Isoflavones (irilin D, tectoridin, Iristectorigenin A and irisfloretin) in rhizomes. #12: Prunetin in leaves. #13: Genistin in leaves #14: Sophoricoside in leaves. #15: Genistein in leaves #16: Iridin in leaves. #17: Iridin in roots #18: Gallic acid in roots #19: Irigenin in roots #20: Isoflavones irilin A, irisflorentin, tectoridin, Iristectorigenin A and 4´,5,6-trihydroxy-7-methoxyisoflavone in roots #21: Tectorigenin in roots #22: Epoxide (Belamcanoxide A) in twigs and leaves. #23: Isoflavones belamcandanin A - C in twigs and leaves.

Endpoint Studies

#1: alpha-Glucosidase inhibition by genistein in leaves. #2: alpha-Glucosidase inhibition by mangiferin in leaves. #3: alpha-Glucosidase inhibition by daidzin in leaves. #4: alpha-Glucosidase inhibition by genistin in leaves. #5: alpha-Glucosidase inhibition by swertisin in leaves. #6: alpha-Glucosidase inhibition by 2´´-O-rhamnosylswertisin in leaves. #7: alpha-Glucosidase inhibition by leaves´ extract. #8: alpha-Glucosidase inhibition by aqueous extract of leaves (figure 4)

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Zhang, Liang., Zhang, Yukui., Chen, Yan., Jia, Shaohua., Dai, Rongji., Meng, Weiwei., Li, Liang., Deng, Yulin. Isoflavones in leaves of belamcanda chinensis. tianran chanwu yanjiu yu kaifa, 2011, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 69–71. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

alcohol
Substance:

irigenin (RF-00003438-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy (F060A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Irigenin in rhizomes

Composition #2: Zhang, Liang., Zhang, Yukui., Chen, Yan., Jia, Shaohua., Dai, Rongji., Meng, Weiwei., Li, Liang., Deng, Yulin. Isoflavones in leaves of belamcanda chinensis. tianran chanwu yanjiu yu kaifa, 2011, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 69–71. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

alcohol
Substance:

tectorigenin (RF-00003600-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy (F060A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tectorigenin in rhizomes

Composition #3: Zhang, Liang., Zhang, Yukui., Chen, Yan., Jia, Shaohua., Dai, Rongji., Meng, Weiwei., Li, Liang., Deng, Yulin. Isoflavones in leaves of belamcanda chinensis. tianran chanwu yanjiu yu kaifa, 2011, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 69–71. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

alcohol
Substance:

isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
Additional substance description:

tectoridin
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy (F060A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Isoflaovones in rhizomes

Composition #4: Zhang, Liang., Zhang, Yukui., Chen, Yan., Jia, Shaohua., Dai, Rongji., Meng, Weiwei., Li, Liang., Deng, Yulin. Isoflavones in leaves of belamcanda chinensis. tianran chanwu yanjiu yu kaifa, 2011, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 69–71. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

alcohol
Substance:

Iridin (RF-00011013-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy (F060A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Iridin in rhizomes

Composition #5: Zhang, Liang., Zhang, Yukui., Chen, Yan., Jia, Shaohua., Dai, Rongji., Meng, Weiwei., Li, Liang., Deng, Yulin. Isoflavones in leaves of belamcanda chinensis. tianran chanwu yanjiu yu kaifa, 2011, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 69–71. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

alcohol
Substance:

genistein (RF-00000297-NTR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy (F060A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Genistein in rhizomes

Composition #6: Zhang, Liang., Zhang, Yukui., Chen, Yan., Jia, Shaohua., Dai, Rongji., Meng, Weiwei., Li, Liang., Deng, Yulin. Isoflavones in leaves of belamcanda chinensis. tianran chanwu yanjiu yu kaifa, 2011, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 69–71. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

alcohol
Substance:

Irilone (RF-00011012-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy (F060A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Irilone in rhizomes

Composition #7: Miyazawa, M., Sakano, K., Nakamura, S.-I., Shimamura, H., Kosaka, H. Antimutagenic Activity of Isoflavone from Belamcanda chinensis. journal of oleo science, 2001, vol. 50, no. 7, p. 545–554. DOI: 10.5650/jos.50.545. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Commercial poweder extracted with methanol, re-extracted with dichloromethane
Substance:

isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Iristectorigenin B and 7,4´-di-O-methyliristectorigenin B
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

EI-MS and H- and C-NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Isoflavones in an unspecified part of the plant (commercial powder).

Composition #8: Lee, Yeon Sil., Kim, Seon Ha., Kim, Jin Kyu., Lee, Sanghyun., Jung, Sang Hoon., Lim, Soon Sung. Preparative Isolation and Purification of Seven Isoflavones from Belamcanda chinensis . phytochemical analysis, 2011, vol. 22, no. 5, p. 468–473. DOI: 10.1002/pca.1306. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

irigenin (RF-00003438-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

High speed counter-current chromatography
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Irigenin in rhizomes.

Composition #9: Lee, Yeon Sil., Kim, Seon Ha., Kim, Jin Kyu., Lee, Sanghyun., Jung, Sang Hoon., Lim, Soon Sung. Preparative Isolation and Purification of Seven Isoflavones from Belamcanda chinensis . phytochemical analysis, 2011, vol. 22, no. 5, p. 468–473. DOI: 10.1002/pca.1306. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

tectorigenin (RF-00003600-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

High speed counter-current chromatography
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tectorigenin in rhizomes.

Composition #10: Lee, Yeon Sil., Kim, Seon Ha., Kim, Jin Kyu., Lee, Sanghyun., Jung, Sang Hoon., Lim, Soon Sung. Preparative Isolation and Purification of Seven Isoflavones from Belamcanda chinensis . phytochemical analysis, 2011, vol. 22, no. 5, p. 468–473. DOI: 10.1002/pca.1306. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Iridin (RF-00011013-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

High speed counter-current chromatography
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Iridin in rhizomes.

Composition #11: Lee, Yeon Sil., Kim, Seon Ha., Kim, Jin Kyu., Lee, Sanghyun., Jung, Sang Hoon., Lim, Soon Sung. Preparative Isolation and Purification of Seven Isoflavones from Belamcanda chinensis . phytochemical analysis, 2011, vol. 22, no. 5, p. 468–473. DOI: 10.1002/pca.1306. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Irilin D, irisfloretin, tectoridin, Iristectorigenin A
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

High speed counter-current chromatography
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Isoflavones (irilin D, tectoridin, Iristectorigenin A and irisfloretin) in rhizomes.

Composition #12: Wu, Chongming., Shen, Jingyao., He, Pingping., Chen, Yan., Li, Liang., Zhang, Liang., Li, Ye., Fu, Yujuan., Dai, Rongji., Meng, Weiwei., Deng, Yulin. The alpha-Glucosidase Inhibiting Isoflavones Isolated from Belamcanda chinensis Leaf Extract . records of natural products, 2012, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 110–120. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Water, re-extracted with methanol
Substance:

Prunetin (RF-00011016-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-UV (F021A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR and MS data
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Prunetin in leaves.

Composition #13: Wu, Chongming., Shen, Jingyao., He, Pingping., Chen, Yan., Li, Liang., Zhang, Liang., Li, Ye., Fu, Yujuan., Dai, Rongji., Meng, Weiwei., Deng, Yulin. The alpha-Glucosidase Inhibiting Isoflavones Isolated from Belamcanda chinensis Leaf Extract . records of natural products, 2012, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 110–120. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Water, re-extracted with methanol
Substance:

genistin (RF-00003829-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-UV (F021A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Genistin in leaves

Composition #14: Wu, Chongming., Shen, Jingyao., He, Pingping., Chen, Yan., Li, Liang., Zhang, Liang., Li, Ye., Fu, Yujuan., Dai, Rongji., Meng, Weiwei., Deng, Yulin. The alpha-Glucosidase Inhibiting Isoflavones Isolated from Belamcanda chinensis Leaf Extract . records of natural products, 2012, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 110–120. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Water, re-extracted with methanol
Substance:

Sophoricoside (RF-00011011-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-UV (F021A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR and MS data
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Sophoricoside in leaves.

Composition #15: Wu, Chongming., Shen, Jingyao., He, Pingping., Chen, Yan., Li, Liang., Zhang, Liang., Li, Ye., Fu, Yujuan., Dai, Rongji., Meng, Weiwei., Deng, Yulin. The alpha-Glucosidase Inhibiting Isoflavones Isolated from Belamcanda chinensis Leaf Extract . records of natural products, 2012, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 110–120. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Water, re-extracted with methanol
Substance:

genistein (RF-00000297-NTR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-UV (F021A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Genistein in leaves

Composition #16: Wu, Chongming., Shen, Jingyao., He, Pingping., Chen, Yan., Li, Liang., Zhang, Liang., Li, Ye., Fu, Yujuan., Dai, Rongji., Meng, Weiwei., Deng, Yulin. The alpha-Glucosidase Inhibiting Isoflavones Isolated from Belamcanda chinensis Leaf Extract . records of natural products, 2012, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 110–120. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Water, re-extracted with methanol
Substance:

Iridin (RF-00011013-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-UV (F021A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR and MS data
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Iridin in leaves.

Composition #17: Liu, Mingchuan., Yang, Shengjie., Jin, Linhong., Hu, Deyu., Wu, Zhibing., Yang, Song. Chemical Constituents of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC Roots and Their Antitumor Activities . molecules, 2012, vol. 17, no. 5, p. 6156–6169. DOI: 10.3390/molecules17056156. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol, ethyl acetate or petroleum ether
Substance:

Iridin (RF-00011013-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Iridin in roots

Composition #18: Liu, Mingchuan., Yang, Shengjie., Jin, Linhong., Hu, Deyu., Wu, Zhibing., Yang, Song. Chemical Constituents of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC Roots and Their Antitumor Activities . molecules, 2012, vol. 17, no. 5, p. 6156–6169. DOI: 10.3390/molecules17056156. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol, ethyl acetate or petroleum ether
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Gallic acid in roots

Composition #19: Liu, Mingchuan., Yang, Shengjie., Jin, Linhong., Hu, Deyu., Wu, Zhibing., Yang, Song. Chemical Constituents of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC Roots and Their Antitumor Activities . molecules, 2012, vol. 17, no. 5, p. 6156–6169. DOI: 10.3390/molecules17056156. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol, ethyl acetate or petroleum ether
Substance:

irigenin (RF-00003438-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Irigenin in roots

Composition #20: Liu, Mingchuan., Yang, Shengjie., Jin, Linhong., Hu, Deyu., Wu, Zhibing., Yang, Song. Chemical Constituents of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC Roots and Their Antitumor Activities . molecules, 2012, vol. 17, no. 5, p. 6156–6169. DOI: 10.3390/molecules17056156. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol, ethyl acetate or petroleum ether
Substance:

isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
Additional substance description:

irilin A, irisflorentin, 4´,5,6-trihydroxy-7-methoxyisoflavone, Iristectorigenin A and tectoridin
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Isoflavones irilin A, irisflorentin, tectoridin, Iristectorigenin A and 4´,5,6-trihydroxy-7-methoxyisoflavone in roots

Composition #21: Liu, Mingchuan., Yang, Shengjie., Jin, Linhong., Hu, Deyu., Wu, Zhibing., Yang, Song. Chemical Constituents of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC Roots and Their Antitumor Activities . molecules, 2012, vol. 17, no. 5, p. 6156–6169. DOI: 10.3390/molecules17056156. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol, ethyl acetate or petroleum ether
Substance:

tectorigenin (RF-00003600-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tectorigenin in roots

Composition #22: Ni, Gang., Shi, Guo-Ru., Li, Jia-Yuan., Yu, De-Quan. The unprecedented iridal lactone and adducts of spiroiridal and isoflavonoid from Belamcanda chinensis . rsc advances, 2017, vol. 7, no. 33, p. 20160–20166. DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00614d. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water - petroleum ether, EtOAc, and BuOH
Substance:

epoxides (RF-00010829-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Belamcanoxide A
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Multistep isolation
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Epoxide (Belamcanoxide A) in twigs and leaves.

Composition #23: Ni, Gang., Shi, Guo-Ru., Li, Jia-Yuan., Yu, De-Quan. The unprecedented iridal lactone and adducts of spiroiridal and isoflavonoid from Belamcanda chinensis . rsc advances, 2017, vol. 7, no. 33, p. 20160–20166. DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00614d. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water - petroleum ether, EtOAc, and BuOH
Substance:

isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Belamcandanin A, B and C
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Multistep isolation
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Isoflavones belamcandanin A - C in twigs and leaves.

Endpoint study #1: Wu, Chongming., Shen, Jingyao., He, Pingping., Chen, Yan., Li, Liang., Zhang, Liang., Li, Ye., Fu, Yujuan., Dai, Rongji., Meng, Weiwei., Deng, Yulin. The alpha-Glucosidase Inhibiting Isoflavones Isolated from Belamcanda chinensis Leaf Extract . records of natural products, 2012, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 110–120. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

genistein (RF-00000297-NTR)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Effect concentration:

74
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Pancreas (TT024A)
Effect description:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition;
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha-Glucosidase inhibition by genistein in leaves.

Endpoint study #2: Wu, Chongming., Shen, Jingyao., He, Pingping., Chen, Yan., Li, Liang., Zhang, Liang., Li, Ye., Fu, Yujuan., Dai, Rongji., Meng, Weiwei., Deng, Yulin. The alpha-Glucosidase Inhibiting Isoflavones Isolated from Belamcanda chinensis Leaf Extract . records of natural products, 2012, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 110–120. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

xanthone derivatives (RF-00004329-PAR)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional plant/substance description:

mangiferin
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Effect concentration:

112
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Pancreas (TT024A)
Effect description:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition;
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha-Glucosidase inhibition by mangiferin in leaves.

Endpoint study #3: Wu, Chongming., Shen, Jingyao., He, Pingping., Chen, Yan., Li, Liang., Zhang, Liang., Li, Ye., Fu, Yujuan., Dai, Rongji., Meng, Weiwei., Deng, Yulin. The alpha-Glucosidase Inhibiting Isoflavones Isolated from Belamcanda chinensis Leaf Extract . records of natural products, 2012, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 110–120. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

daidzin (RF-00003763-PAR)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Effect concentration:

97
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Pancreas (TT024A)
Effect description:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition;
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha-Glucosidase inhibition by daidzin in leaves.

Endpoint study #4: Wu, Chongming., Shen, Jingyao., He, Pingping., Chen, Yan., Li, Liang., Zhang, Liang., Li, Ye., Fu, Yujuan., Dai, Rongji., Meng, Weiwei., Deng, Yulin. The alpha-Glucosidase Inhibiting Isoflavones Isolated from Belamcanda chinensis Leaf Extract . records of natural products, 2012, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 110–120. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

genistin (RF-00003829-PAR)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Effect concentration:

83
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Pancreas (TT024A)
Effect description:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition;
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha-Glucosidase inhibition by genistin in leaves.

Endpoint study #5: Wu, Chongming., Shen, Jingyao., He, Pingping., Chen, Yan., Li, Liang., Zhang, Liang., Li, Ye., Fu, Yujuan., Dai, Rongji., Meng, Weiwei., Deng, Yulin. The alpha-Glucosidase Inhibiting Isoflavones Isolated from Belamcanda chinensis Leaf Extract . records of natural products, 2012, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 110–120. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

swertisin
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Effect concentration:

119
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Pancreas (TT024A)
Effect description:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition;
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha-Glucosidase inhibition by swertisin in leaves.

Endpoint study #6: Wu, Chongming., Shen, Jingyao., He, Pingping., Chen, Yan., Li, Liang., Zhang, Liang., Li, Ye., Fu, Yujuan., Dai, Rongji., Meng, Weiwei., Deng, Yulin. The alpha-Glucosidase Inhibiting Isoflavones Isolated from Belamcanda chinensis Leaf Extract . records of natural products, 2012, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 110–120. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

2´´-O-rhamnosylswertisin
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Effect concentration:

333
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Pancreas (TT024A)
Effect description:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition;
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha-Glucosidase inhibition by 2´´-O-rhamnosylswertisin in leaves.

Endpoint study #7: Wu, Chongming., Shen, Jingyao., He, Pingping., Chen, Yan., Li, Liang., Zhang, Liang., Li, Ye., Fu, Yujuan., Dai, Rongji., Meng, Weiwei., Deng, Yulin. The alpha-Glucosidase Inhibiting Isoflavones Isolated from Belamcanda chinensis Leaf Extract . records of natural products, 2012, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 110–120. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

Aqueous extract
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Effect concentration:

800
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Pancreas (TT024A)
Effect description:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition;
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha-Glucosidase inhibition by leaves´ extract.

Endpoint study #8: Wu, Chongming., Shen, Jingyao., He, Pingping., Chen, Yan., Li, Liang., Zhang, Liang., Li, Ye., Fu, Yujuan., Dai, Rongji., Meng, Weiwei., Deng, Yulin. The alpha-Glucosidase Inhibiting Isoflavones Isolated from Belamcanda chinensis Leaf Extract . records of natural products, 2012, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 110–120. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

aqueous extraction
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Effect concentration:

800
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Pancreas (TT024A)
Effect description:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition;
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha-Glucosidase inhibition by aqueous extract of leaves (figure 4)