EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Bamboo shoots (as plant) // Bambusa vulgaris Schrad.

Family:: Poaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 489
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: hydrocyanic acid - leaves #2: cardiac glycoside - leaves #3: tannins -leaves #4: alkaloids -leaves #5: saponins -leaves #6: Hydrocyanic acid

Endpoint Studies

#1: nervous disease - leaves -horses #2: 60% fetus abortion (250 mg/kg) #3: 100% fetus abortion (500 mg/kg) #4: serum changes - leaves #5: hepatotoxicity - rat

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Onwuka, Christopher F. I. Hydrocyanic acid contents of tropical browse and their influence on performance of goats. food chemistry, 1992, vol. 45, no. 1, p. 5–10. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Substance:

Hydrocyanic acid (RF-00000333-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

26.2
Internal remarks:

hydrocyanic acid - leaves

Composition #2: Barbosa, Jose Diomedes., de Oliveira, Carlos Magno C., Duarte, Marcos Dutra., Riet-Correa, Gabriela., Peixoto, Paulo Vargas., Tokarnia, Carlos Hubinger. Poisoning of horses by bamboo, Bambusa vulgaris. journal of equine veterinary science, 2006, vol. 26, no. 9, p. 393–398. DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2006.07.003. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

tested for the presence of hydrocyanic acid by the sodium picrate test.
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

cardiac glycoside - leaves

Composition #3: Yakubu, Musa T., Bukoye, Bimbo B. Abortifacient potentials of the aqueous extract of Bambusa vulgaris leaves in pregnant Dutch rabbits . contraception, 2009, vol. 80, no. 3, p. 308–313. DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.03.003. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

aqueous extract
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.91-0.95
Internal remarks:

tannins -leaves

Composition #4: Yakubu, Musa T., Bukoye, Bimbo B. Abortifacient potentials of the aqueous extract of Bambusa vulgaris leaves in pregnant Dutch rabbits . contraception, 2009, vol. 80, no. 3, p. 308–313. DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.03.003. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

aqueous extract
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.08-4.12
Internal remarks:

alkaloids -leaves

Composition #5: Yakubu, Musa T., Bukoye, Bimbo B. Abortifacient potentials of the aqueous extract of Bambusa vulgaris leaves in pregnant Dutch rabbits . contraception, 2009, vol. 80, no. 3, p. 308–313. DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.03.003. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

aqueous extract
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.12-1.16
Internal remarks:

saponins -leaves

Composition #6: Caasi-Lit, Merdelyn T., Mabesa, Linda B., Candelaria, Roy B. Bamboo Shoot Resources of the Philippines II. Proximate Analysis, Cyanide Content, Shoot Characteristics and Sensory Evaluation of Local Bamboo Species . philippine journal of crop science, 2010, vol. 35, no. 3, p. 31–40. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Shoot (as part-nature) (A067T)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

boiling water
Substance:

Hydrocyanic acid (RF-00000333-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Picrate method
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

66.93-77.94
Internal remarks:

Hydrocyanic acid

Endpoint study #1: Barbosa, Jose Diomedes., de Oliveira, Carlos Magno C., Duarte, Marcos Dutra., Riet-Correa, Gabriela., Peixoto, Paulo Vargas., Tokarnia, Carlos Hubinger. Poisoning of horses by bamboo, Bambusa vulgaris. journal of equine veterinary science, 2006, vol. 26, no. 9, p. 393–398. DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2006.07.003. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Type of toxicological test:

chronic/long term toxicity (CHD004TT)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

3
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

neurological disease, somnolence, difficulties in apprehension, chewing and swallowing of food, as well as instability
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

nervous disease - leaves -horses

Endpoint study #2: Yakubu, Musa T., Bukoye, Bimbo B. Abortifacient potentials of the aqueous extract of Bambusa vulgaris leaves in pregnant Dutch rabbits . contraception, 2009, vol. 80, no. 3, p. 308–313. DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.03.003. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

aqueous extract
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rabbit (as animal) (A057T)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

3.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

250
Critical effect:

TERATOGENIC (TOX06A)
Target tissue:

Urogenital (TT006A)
Effect description:

extract applied on 18-20 day of pregnancy, on day 21 observations: 60% fetus abortion
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

60% fetus abortion (250 mg/kg)

Endpoint study #3: Yakubu, Musa T., Bukoye, Bimbo B. Abortifacient potentials of the aqueous extract of Bambusa vulgaris leaves in pregnant Dutch rabbits . contraception, 2009, vol. 80, no. 3, p. 308–313. DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.03.003. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

aqueous extract
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rabbit (as animal) (A057T)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

3.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

500
Critical effect:

TERATOGENIC (TOX06A)
Target tissue:

Urogenital (TT006A)
Effect description:

extract applied on 18-20 day of pregnancy, on day 21 observations: 100% fetus abortion
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

100% fetus abortion (500 mg/kg)

Endpoint study #4: Yakubu, M. T., Bukoye, B. B., Oladiji, A. T., Akanji, M. A. Toxicological implications of aqueous extract of Bambusa vulgaris leaves in pregnant Dutch rabbits . human & experimental toxicology, 2009, vol. 28, no. 9, p. 591–598. DOI: 10.1177/0960327109106975. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

aaqueous extract
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rabbit (as animal) (A057T)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

9.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

15
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

250
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Uterus (TT052A)
Effect description:

decrease serum hormone level, kidney ALT and GGT decreased by 45.09 and 12.21% resp.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

haematology (CHD023BE)
Internal remarks:

serum changes - leaves

Endpoint study #5: Arise, R. O., Igunnu, A., Malomo, S. O. Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Bambusa vulgaris leaves on some biochemical variables of rat liver and serum . journal of medicinal plants research, 2011, vol. 5, no. 9, p. 1622–1626. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water extract
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: DRINKING WATER (OECD2229PL)
Exposure duration:

7.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

6
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

80-120
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

increase ACP activities, ALT and AST lowered, overload of endogenous capacity of hepatic cells
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

hepatotoxicity - rat