EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Arum italicum Mill.

Family:: Araceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 175
Number of processed references:: 8

Compositions

#1: Putrescine #2: cadaverine #3: neolignans in rhizomes #4: Steroidal 5,6-Epoxides #5: phenylpropanoids #6: epoxy-cholestanol derivatives #7: epoxides in tubers #8: erucic acid in seeds #9: Calcium oxalates in flowers #10: Two enantiomeric dihydrobenzofuran neolignans were extracted from dried rhyzomes with aqueous acetone (1:1).

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Smith, Bruce N., Meeuse, Bastiaan J. D. Production of volatile amines and skatole at anthesis in some arum lily species. plant physiology, 1966, vol. 41, no. 2, p. 343–7. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Additional extraction description:

condensation from the flower
Substance:

Putrescine (RF-00000004-BGA)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Putrescine

Composition #2: Smith, Bruce N., Meeuse, Bastiaan J. D. Production of volatile amines and skatole at anthesis in some arum lily species. plant physiology, 1966, vol. 41, no. 2, p. 343–7. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Additional extraction description:

condensation from the flower
Substance:

Cadaverine (RF-00000002-BGA)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

cadaverine

Composition #3: Greca, Marina Della., Molinaro, Antonio., Monaco, Pietro., Previtera, Lucio. Neolignans from Arum italicum. phytochemistry (oxford), 1994, vol. 35, no. 3, p. 777–779. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90604-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

aq. Me2CO (1:1)
Substance:

neolignans (RF-00004386-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Two 8-O-3’ neolignans and two 8-O-4’ neolignan glucosides in rhizomes
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC; IR; EIMS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

neolignans in rhizomes

Composition #4: Della Greca, M., Fiorentino, A., Molinaro, A., Monaco, P., Previtera, L. Steroidal 5,6-Epoxides From Arum Italicum. natural product letters, 1993, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 27–32. DOI: 10.1080/10575639308043450. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

aqueous acetone (1:1)
Substance:

epoxides (RF-00010829-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Four steroidal 5,6-epoxides
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR; EIMS; IR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Steroidal 5,6-Epoxides

Composition #5: Aiello, R., Aliotta, G., Molinaro, A., Pinto, G., Pollio, A. Anti-algal agents isolated from Arum italicum. planta medica, 1992, vol. 58, no. 7 SUPPL., p. A652–A653. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Chloroform and acetone/water (1: 1)
Substance:

phenylpropanoids (RF-00004367-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

spectroscopic methods (IR, MS, UV, 1H-NMR, and '3C-NMR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

phenylpropanoids

Composition #6: Greca, M.D., Fiorentino, A., Molinaro, A., Monaco, P., Previtera, L. Hydroperoxysterols In Arum Italicum. natural product letters, 1994, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 7–14. DOI: 10.1080/10575639408043928. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ether
Substance:

epoxides (RF-00010829-PAR)
Additional substance description:

epoxy-cholestanol derivatives
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

epoxy-cholestanol derivatives

Composition #7: Saglik, S., Alpinar, K., Imre, S. Fatty acid composition of the seed oil of Arum italicum Miller. journal of food lipids, 2002, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 95–103. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

epoxides (RF-00010829-PAR)
Additional substance description:

steroidal 5,6- epoxides
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

epoxides in tubers

Composition #8: Saglik, S., Alpinar, K., Imre, S. Fatty acid composition of the seed oil of Arum italicum Miller. journal of food lipids, 2002, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 95–103. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum ether (40-60°C)
Substance:

Erucic acid (RF-00000249-NTR)
Additional substance description:

erucic acid
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GC and GC-MS
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.14
Internal remarks:

erucic acid in seeds

Composition #9: Barabe, D., Lacroix, C., Gibernau, M. Development of the flower and inflorescence of Arum italicum (Araceae). canadian journal of botany-revue canadienne de botanique, 2003, vol. 81, no. 6, p. 622–632. DOI: 10.1139/B03-060. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Substance:

Calcium oxalate (RF-00003960-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Microscopic detection (F536A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Calcium oxalates in flowers

Composition #10: DELLAGRECA, M., MOLINARO, A., MONACO, P., PREVITERA, L. DIHYDROBENZOFURAN NEOLIGNANS FROM ARUM-ITALICUM. heterocycles, 1994, vol. 38, no. 5, p. 1099–1102. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

aqueous acetone (1:1)
Substance:

neolignans (RF-00004386-PAR)
Additional substance description:

two enatiomeric dihydrobenzofuran neolignans
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Two enantiomeric dihydrobenzofuran neolignans were extracted from dried rhyzomes with aqueous acetone (1:1).