EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Artemisia annua L.

Family:: Asteraceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 6029
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: Scopoletin in leaves #2: Esculetin in leaves #3: artemisinin #4: Camphor in the essential oil #5: Pinocarvone in the distillation waters #6: 1.8-cineole in distillation waters #7: Camphor in the distillation waters #8: Artemisia ketone in the distillation waters #9: 1,8-cineole in the essential oil #10: Eugenol in the distillation waters #11: artemisinin - leaves #12: scopoletin

Endpoint Studies

#1: adverse effect on post-implantation development and pregnancy in the rat

Genotoxicity

#1: DNA demage on HepG2 cells

Composition #1: Souleymane, Silue., Claude, Kablan Ahmont Landry., Karime, Coulibaly Wacothon., Constant, Ahoua Angora Remi., Guy, Kouassi Brou., Jacques, Konan Dibi., Faustin, Kabran Aka., Marcelline, Adiko N'dri., Aminata, Akoubet Ouayogode., Barthelemy, Attioua Koffi. Phytochemical investigation, antibacterial and acute toxicity properties of the methanolic extract from Artemisia annua l. (asteraceae), a plant during domestication in korhogo (Côte d'Ivoire). european journal of biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences, 2018, vol. 5, no. 12, p. 457–463. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

scopoletin (RF-00004048-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-MS/MS (F698A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Scopoletin in leaves

Composition #2: Souleymane, Silue., Claude, Kablan Ahmont Landry., Karime, Coulibaly Wacothon., Constant, Ahoua Angora Remi., Guy, Kouassi Brou., Jacques, Konan Dibi., Faustin, Kabran Aka., Marcelline, Adiko N'dri., Aminata, Akoubet Ouayogode., Barthelemy, Attioua Koffi. Phytochemical investigation, antibacterial and acute toxicity properties of the methanolic extract from Artemisia annua l. (asteraceae), a plant during domestication in korhogo (Côte d'Ivoire). european journal of biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences, 2018, vol. 5, no. 12, p. 457–463. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Esculetin (RF-00003667-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-MS/MS (F698A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Esculetin in leaves

Composition #3: Boareto, Ana C., Muller, Juliane C., Bufalo, Aedra C., Botelho, Giuliana G. K., de Araujo, Samanta L., Foglio, Mary Ann., de Morais, Rosana N., Dalsenter, Paulo R. Toxicity of artemisinin Artemisia annua L. in two different periods of pregnancy in Wistar rats. reproductive toxicology, 2008, vol. 25, no. 2, p. 239–246. DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.11.003. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

artemisinin (RF-00003658-PAR)
Additional substance description:

extracted, was supplied by CPQBA
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

artemisinin

Composition #4: Bilia, Anna Rita., Flamini, Guido., Morgenni, Fabrizio., Isacchi, Benedetta., Vincieri, Franco Francesco. GC MS Analysis of the Volatile Constituents of Essential Oil and Aromatic Waters of Artemisia annua L. at Different Developmental Stages. natural product communications, 2008, vol. 3, no. 12, p. 2075–2078. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

(-)-camphor (RF-00003469-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

17.6
Internal remarks:

Camphor in the essential oil

Composition #5: Bilia, Anna Rita., Flamini, Guido., Morgenni, Fabrizio., Isacchi, Benedetta., Vincieri, Franco Francesco. GC MS Analysis of the Volatile Constituents of Essential Oil and Aromatic Waters of Artemisia annua L. at Different Developmental Stages. natural product communications, 2008, vol. 3, no. 12, p. 2075–2078. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Hexane extraction of distillation waters
Substance:

pinocarvone (RF-00003547-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.2-3.8
Internal remarks:

Pinocarvone in the distillation waters

Composition #6: Bilia, Anna Rita., Flamini, Guido., Morgenni, Fabrizio., Isacchi, Benedetta., Vincieri, Franco Francesco. GC MS Analysis of the Volatile Constituents of Essential Oil and Aromatic Waters of Artemisia annua L. at Different Developmental Stages. natural product communications, 2008, vol. 3, no. 12, p. 2075–2078. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Hexane extract of distillation waters
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

12.8-14.0
Internal remarks:

1.8-cineole in distillation waters

Composition #7: Bilia, Anna Rita., Flamini, Guido., Morgenni, Fabrizio., Isacchi, Benedetta., Vincieri, Franco Francesco. GC MS Analysis of the Volatile Constituents of Essential Oil and Aromatic Waters of Artemisia annua L. at Different Developmental Stages. natural product communications, 2008, vol. 3, no. 12, p. 2075–2078. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Hexane extraction of distillation waters
Substance:

(-)-camphor (RF-00003469-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

27.7-30.7
Internal remarks:

Camphor in the distillation waters

Composition #8: Bilia, Anna Rita., Flamini, Guido., Morgenni, Fabrizio., Isacchi, Benedetta., Vincieri, Franco Francesco. GC MS Analysis of the Volatile Constituents of Essential Oil and Aromatic Waters of Artemisia annua L. at Different Developmental Stages. natural product communications, 2008, vol. 3, no. 12, p. 2075–2078. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Hexane extraction of distillation waters
Substance:

artemisia ketone (RF-00004157-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9.5-10.1
Internal remarks:

Artemisia ketone in the distillation waters

Composition #9: Bilia, Anna Rita., Flamini, Guido., Morgenni, Fabrizio., Isacchi, Benedetta., Vincieri, Franco Francesco. GC MS Analysis of the Volatile Constituents of Essential Oil and Aromatic Waters of Artemisia annua L. at Different Developmental Stages. natural product communications, 2008, vol. 3, no. 12, p. 2075–2078. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.4
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineole in the essential oil

Composition #10: Bilia, Anna Rita., Flamini, Guido., Morgenni, Fabrizio., Isacchi, Benedetta., Vincieri, Franco Francesco. GC MS Analysis of the Volatile Constituents of Essential Oil and Aromatic Waters of Artemisia annua L. at Different Developmental Stages. natural product communications, 2008, vol. 3, no. 12, p. 2075–2078. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Hexane extraction of distillation waters
Substance:

Eugenol (RF-00003807-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.1
Internal remarks:

Eugenol in the distillation waters

Composition #11: Aquino, I., Tsuboy, M. S. F., Marcarini, J. C., Mantovani, M. S., Perazzo, F. F., Maistro, E. L. Genotoxic evaluation of the antimalarial drugs artemisinin and artesunate in human HepG2 cells and effects on CASP3 and SOD1 gene expressions. genetics and molecular research, 2013, vol. 12, no. 3, p. 2517–2527. DOI: 10.4238/2013.July.24.6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

hexane
Substance:

artemisinin (RF-00003658-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

artemisinin - leaves

Composition #12: Seo, Ean-Jeong., Saeed, Mohamed., Law, Betty Yuen Kwan., Wu, An Guo., Kadioglu, Onat., Greten, Henry Johannes., Efferth, Thomas. Pharmacogenomics of Scopoletin in Tumor Cells. molecules, 2016, vol. 21, no. 4 . DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040496. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

scopoletin (RF-00004048-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UHPLC-TLC
Result unit:

Millimole (G115A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.106
Internal remarks:

scopoletin

Endpoint study #1: Boareto, Ana C., Muller, Juliane C., Bufalo, Aedra C., Botelho, Giuliana G. K., de Araujo, Samanta L., Foglio, Mary Ann., de Morais, Rosana N., Dalsenter, Paulo R. Toxicity of artemisinin Artemisia annua L. in two different periods of pregnancy in Wistar rats. reproductive toxicology, 2008, vol. 25, no. 2, p. 239–246. DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.11.003. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

artemisinin (RF-00003658-PAR)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

7.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

35
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

Urogenital (TT006A)
Effect description:

adverse effect on post-implantation development and pregnancy in the rat
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

adverse effect on post-implantation development and pregnancy in the rat

Genotox #1: Aquino, I., Tsuboy, M. S. F., Marcarini, J. C., Mantovani, M. S., Perazzo, F. F., Maistro, E. L. Genotoxic evaluation of the antimalarial drugs artemisinin and artesunate in human HepG2 cells and effects on CASP3 and SOD1 gene expressions. genetics and molecular research, 2013, vol. 12, no. 3, p. 2517–2527. DOI: 10.4238/2013.July.24.6. [DOI link]

Study category:

Genotoxicity
Type of toxicological test:

DNA damage and repair assay, unscheduled DNA synthesis in mammalian cells in vitro (CHD038TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Strain of test organism:

Hep G2 human cell line (CHD114ST)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

DNA damage and/or repair
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

light to medium DNA demage
Internal remarks:

DNA demage on HepG2 cells
Internal ID:

WOS:000331717400035