EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Aristolochia debilis Siebold & Zucc.

Family:: Aristolochiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 244
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: fangchinoline in roots #2: tetrandrine in roots #3: magnoflorine in roots #4: Aristolochic acids in fruit #5: Aristolactams #6: Aristolochic acids #7: Aristolochic acids (total amounts) #8: aristolactams #9: aristolochic acid IIIa #10: aristolochic acid I #11: aristolochic acid II #12: aristolactam II #13: aristolochic acid VIIa #14: aristolactam I

Endpoint Studies

#1: Renal toxicity in moderate dosage group

Genotoxicity

#1: Aristolochic acids positive for genotoxicity (Ames and micronucleus assay)

Composition #1: Ruecker, G., Mayer, R. Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids from roots of Aristolochia debilis. planta medica, 1985, vol. (2), p. 183–4. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

fangchinoline (RF-00003813-PAR)
Additional substance description:

limacine (synonym)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

MS; IR; UV; NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

fangchinoline in roots

Composition #2: Ruecker, G., Mayer, R. Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids from roots of Aristolochia debilis. planta medica, 1985, vol. (2), p. 183–4. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

tetrandrine (RF-00004075-PAR)
Additional substance description:

tetrandrine
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

MS; IR; UV; NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tetrandrine in roots

Composition #3: Ruecker, G., Mayer, R. Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids from roots of Aristolochia debilis. planta medica, 1985, vol. (2), p. 183–4. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

magnoflorine (RF-00003919-PAR)
Additional substance description:

magnoflorine
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

MS; IR; UV; NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

magnoflorine in roots

Composition #4: Zhou, J., Ouedraogo, M., Qu, F., Duez, P. Potential genotoxicity of traditional Chinese medicinal plants and phytochemicals: An overview. phytotherapy research, 2013, vol. 27, no. 12, p. 1745–1755. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4942. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Substance:

Aristolochia (RF-00000498-VET)
Additional substance description:

Aristolochic acids
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Aristolochic acids in fruit

Composition #5: Kong, D., Gao, H., Li, X., Lu, J., Yuan, D. Rapid determination of eight aristolochic acid analogues in five Aristolochiaceae plants by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. journal of chinese pharmaceutical sciences, 2015, vol. 24, no. 6, p. 364–375. DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2015.06.047. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

aristolactam (RF-00003693-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Aristolochic acids
Analytical method code:

HPLC-MS/MS (F698A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Aristolactams

Composition #6: Kong, D., Gao, H., Li, X., Lu, J., Yuan, D. Rapid determination of eight aristolochic acid analogues in five Aristolochiaceae plants by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. journal of chinese pharmaceutical sciences, 2015, vol. 24, no. 6, p. 364–375. DOI: 10.5246/jcps.2015.06.047. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Aristolochia (RF-00000498-VET)
Additional substance description:

Aristolochic acids
Analytical method code:

HPLC-MS/MS (F698A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Aristolochic acids

Composition #7: Yuan, Jinbin., Liu, Qian., Zhu, Weifeng., Ding, Li., Tang, Fei., Yao, Shouzhuo. Simultaneous analysis of six aristolochic acids and five aristolactams in herbal plants and their preparations by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-fluorescence detection . journal of chromatography a, 2008, vol. 1182, no. 1, p. 85–92. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.12.076. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Aristolochia (RF-00000498-VET)
Additional substance description:

Aristolochic acids
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC–DAD–FLD
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.265
Internal remarks:

Aristolochic acids (total amounts)

Composition #8: Yuan, Jinbin., Liu, Qian., Zhu, Weifeng., Ding, Li., Tang, Fei., Yao, Shouzhuo. Simultaneous analysis of six aristolochic acids and five aristolactams in herbal plants and their preparations by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-fluorescence detection . journal of chromatography a, 2008, vol. 1182, no. 1, p. 85–92. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.12.076. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

aristolactam (RF-00003693-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC–DAD–FLD
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.285
Internal remarks:

aristolactams

Composition #9: Xu, Yu-Qiong., Li, Xiao-Wei., Liu, Guang-Xue., Wang, Xuan., Shang, Ming-Ying., Li, Xiao-Mei., Cai, Shao-Qing. Comparative study of the contents of analogues of aristolochic acid in two kinds of Aristolochiae Fructus by high-performance liquid chromatography . journal of natural medicines, 2013, vol. 67, no. 1, p. 113–122. DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0664-9. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit peel (as part-nature) (A067G)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Aristolochia (RF-00000498-VET)
Additional substance description:

aristolochic acid IIIa
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.369-1.179
Internal remarks:

aristolochic acid IIIa

Composition #10: Xu, Yu-Qiong., Li, Xiao-Wei., Liu, Guang-Xue., Wang, Xuan., Shang, Ming-Ying., Li, Xiao-Mei., Cai, Shao-Qing. Comparative study of the contents of analogues of aristolochic acid in two kinds of Aristolochiae Fructus by high-performance liquid chromatography . journal of natural medicines, 2013, vol. 67, no. 1, p. 113–122. DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0664-9. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit peel (as part-nature) (A067G)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Aristolochia (RF-00000498-VET)
Additional substance description:

aristolochic acid I
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.299-1.410
Internal remarks:

aristolochic acid I

Composition #11: Xu, Yu-Qiong., Li, Xiao-Wei., Liu, Guang-Xue., Wang, Xuan., Shang, Ming-Ying., Li, Xiao-Mei., Cai, Shao-Qing. Comparative study of the contents of analogues of aristolochic acid in two kinds of Aristolochiae Fructus by high-performance liquid chromatography . journal of natural medicines, 2013, vol. 67, no. 1, p. 113–122. DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0664-9. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit peel (as part-nature) (A067G)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Aristolochia (RF-00000498-VET)
Additional substance description:

aristolochic acid II
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.064-0.524
Internal remarks:

aristolochic acid II

Composition #12: Xu, Yu-Qiong., Li, Xiao-Wei., Liu, Guang-Xue., Wang, Xuan., Shang, Ming-Ying., Li, Xiao-Mei., Cai, Shao-Qing. Comparative study of the contents of analogues of aristolochic acid in two kinds of Aristolochiae Fructus by high-performance liquid chromatography . journal of natural medicines, 2013, vol. 67, no. 1, p. 113–122. DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0664-9. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit peel (as part-nature) (A067G)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

aristolactam (RF-00003693-PAR)
Additional substance description:

aristolactam II
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.017-0.046
Internal remarks:

aristolactam II

Composition #13: Xu, Yu-Qiong., Li, Xiao-Wei., Liu, Guang-Xue., Wang, Xuan., Shang, Ming-Ying., Li, Xiao-Mei., Cai, Shao-Qing. Comparative study of the contents of analogues of aristolochic acid in two kinds of Aristolochiae Fructus by high-performance liquid chromatography . journal of natural medicines, 2013, vol. 67, no. 1, p. 113–122. DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0664-9. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit peel (as part-nature) (A067G)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Aristolochia (RF-00000498-VET)
Additional substance description:

aristolochic acid VIIa
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.382-0.872
Internal remarks:

aristolochic acid VIIa

Composition #14: Xu, Yu-Qiong., Li, Xiao-Wei., Liu, Guang-Xue., Wang, Xuan., Shang, Ming-Ying., Li, Xiao-Mei., Cai, Shao-Qing. Comparative study of the contents of analogues of aristolochic acid in two kinds of Aristolochiae Fructus by high-performance liquid chromatography . journal of natural medicines, 2013, vol. 67, no. 1, p. 113–122. DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0664-9. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit peel (as part-nature) (A067G)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

aristolactam (RF-00003693-PAR)
Additional substance description:

aristolactam i
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.027-0.509
Internal remarks:

aristolactam I

Endpoint study #1: Song, Li-Qun., Ma, Xiao-Peng., Wang, Li-Zhe., Qiao, Yu., Song, Ye-Xu., Ma, Yan-Chun. The water decoction of Aristolochia debilis Sieb.et Zucc induces renal toxic effects in rats . african journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 2010, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 8–12. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Aristolochia (RF-00000498-VET)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

aristolochic acid
Type of toxicological test:

subchronic (CHD013TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: DRINKING WATER (OECD2229PL)
Exposure duration:

3.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Month (G206A)
Number of organisms dosed:

40
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Effect concentration:

31.69 - 40.13
Critical effect:

NEPHROTOXICITY (TOX03A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Kidneys (TT046A)
Effect description:

renal tubule damage in moderate dosage group ( urine nacety- β-D-amino-glucosidase (NAG) measured in 3 months )
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

urinalysis (CHD029BE)
Internal remarks:

Renal toxicity in moderate dosage group

Genotox #1: Zhou, J., Ouedraogo, M., Qu, F., Duez, P. Potential genotoxicity of traditional Chinese medicinal plants and phytochemicals: An overview. phytotherapy research, 2013, vol. 27, no. 12, p. 1745–1755. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4942. [DOI link]

Study category:

Genotoxicity
Type of toxicological test:

bacterial reverse mutation assay (CHD028TT)
Method type:

in vivo
Tested organism:

Bacteria (as organism) (A0CJR)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

Ames and micronucleus assay (MN) positive
Internal remarks:

Aristolochic acids positive for genotoxicity (Ames and micronucleus assay)
Internal ID:

eid=2-s2.0-84890560153