EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Aristolochia clematitis L.

Family:: Aristolochiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 170
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: aristolochic acids in roots #2: corytuberine in aerial parts #3: magnoflorine in roots #4: corytuberine in roots #5: aristolochic acid in seeds #6: 0.192% of aristolochic acid in the herb #7: 0.739% of aristolochic acid in the roots #8: 4-coumaric acid in aerial parts #9: aristolone in aerial parts

Endpoint Studies

#1: nephropathy in rabbits

Genotoxicity

#1: positive AMES test #2: positive HPRT-Assay

Composition #1: Slavik, Jiri., Bochorakova, Jitka., Slavikova, Leonora. Occurrence of magnoflorine and corytuberine in some wild or cultivated plants of Czechoslovakia. collection of czechoslovak chemical communications, 1987, vol. 52, no. 3, p. 804–11. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Aristolochia (RF-00000498-VET)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

MS, UV, IR, TLC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.84
Internal remarks:

aristolochic acids in roots

Composition #2: Slavik, Jiri., Bochorakova, Jitka., Slavikova, Leonora. Occurrence of magnoflorine and corytuberine in some wild or cultivated plants of Czechoslovakia. collection of czechoslovak chemical communications, 1987, vol. 52, no. 3, p. 804–11. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Corytuberine (RF-00011231-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

MS, UV, IR, TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

corytuberine in aerial parts

Composition #3: Slavik, Jiri., Bochorakova, Jitka., Slavikova, Leonora. Occurrence of magnoflorine and corytuberine in some wild or cultivated plants of Czechoslovakia. collection of czechoslovak chemical communications, 1987, vol. 52, no. 3, p. 804–11. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

magnoflorine (RF-00003919-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

MS, UV, IR, TLC
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.14
Internal remarks:

magnoflorine in roots

Composition #4: Slavik, Jiri., Bochorakova, Jitka., Slavikova, Leonora. Occurrence of magnoflorine and corytuberine in some wild or cultivated plants of Czechoslovakia. collection of czechoslovak chemical communications, 1987, vol. 52, no. 3, p. 804–11. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Corytuberine (RF-00011231-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

MS, UV, IR, TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

corytuberine in roots

Composition #5: Hranjec, T., Kovac, A., Kos, J., Mao, WY., Chen, JJ., Grollman, AP., Jelakovic, B. Endemic nephropathy: the case for chronic poisoning by Aristolochia. croatian medical journal, 2005, vol. 46, no. 1, p. 116–125. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol 70%
Substance:

Aristolochia (RF-00000498-VET)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.65
Internal remarks:

aristolochic acid in seeds

Composition #6: Tamas, M., Fagarasan, E., Mandrutau, I., Oprean, R., Marghitas, LA. Identification and quantitative determination of aristolochic acid from birthwort (Aristolochia clematitis, Aristolochiaceae) . bulletin of the university of agricultural sciences and veterinary medicine, vol 60: agriculture, 2004, vol. 60, p. 42–47. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Substance:

Aristolochia (RF-00000498-VET)
Additional substance description:

aristolochic acid
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.192
Internal remarks:

0.192% of aristolochic acid in the herb

Composition #7: Tamas, M., Fagarasan, E., Mandrutau, I., Oprean, R., Marghitas, LA. Identification and quantitative determination of aristolochic acid from birthwort (Aristolochia clematitis, Aristolochiaceae) . bulletin of the university of agricultural sciences and veterinary medicine, vol 60: agriculture, 2004, vol. 60, p. 42–47. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Substance:

Aristolochia (RF-00000498-VET)
Additional substance description:

aristolochic acid
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.739
Internal remarks:

0.739% of aristolochic acid in the roots

Composition #8: KOSTALOVA, D., HROCHOVA, V., PRONAYOVA, N., LESKO, J. CONSTITUENTS OF ARISTOLOCHIA-CLEMATITIS L. chemical papers, 1991, vol. 45, no. 5, p. 713–716. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum ether, methanol
Substance:

p-coumaric acid (RF-00010717-PAR)
Additional substance description:

syn for 4-coumaric acid
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC, UV, IR, NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

4-coumaric acid in aerial parts

Composition #9: KOSTALOVA, D., HROCHOVA, V., PRONAYOVA, N., LESKO, J. CONSTITUENTS OF ARISTOLOCHIA-CLEMATITIS L. chemical papers, 1991, vol. 45, no. 5, p. 713–716. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum ether, methanol
Substance:

Sesquiterpene lactones (RF-00004319-PAR)
Additional substance description:

aristolone
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC, UV, IR, NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

aristolone in aerial parts

Endpoint study #1: Pavlović, N.M. Balkan endemic nephropathy - Current status and future perspectives. clinical kidney journal, 2013, vol. 6, no. 3, p. 257–265. DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sft049. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Type of toxicological test:

chronic/long term toxicity (CHD004TT)
Tested organism:

Rabbit (as animal) (A057T)
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEPHROTOXICITY (TOX03A)
Target tissue:

Urogenital (TT006A)
Effect description:

nephropathy
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

not reported (CHD030BE)
Internal remarks:

nephropathy in rabbits

Genotox #1: Teweldeberhan, Elisabeth., Klepper, Aaron., Krieger, Kristine., Berg, Kerstin., Schrenk, Dieter. Evaluation of the mutagenic potential of an ethanolic extract of Aristolochia clematitis seeds . naunyn-schmiedebergs archives of pharmacology, 2014, vol. 387, p. S29–S29. .

Study category:

Mutagenicity
Type of toxicological test:

bacterial gene mutation assay (CHD027TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Guideline used:

No guideline followed
Tested organism:

Bacteria (as organism) (A0CJR)
Exogenous metabolic activation applied:

with and without
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

gene mutation
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

mutagenicity in S.typhimurium TA 87a, TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102
Internal remarks:

positive AMES test
Internal ID:

WOS:000359538500113

Genotox #2: Teweldeberhan, Elisabeth., Klepper, Aaron., Krieger, Kristine., Berg, Kerstin., Schrenk, Dieter. Evaluation of the mutagenic potential of an ethanolic extract of Aristolochia clematitis seeds . naunyn-schmiedebergs archives of pharmacology, 2014, vol. 387, p. S29–S29. .

Study category:

Mutagenicity
Type of toxicological test:

mammalian cell gene mutation assay (CHD030TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Guideline used:

No guideline followed
Tested organism:

Other (A07XE)
Strain of test organism:

lung fibroblasts (V79) (CHD032ST)
Exogenous metabolic activation applied:

no data
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

gene mutation
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

mutagenicity in V7 cells
Internal remarks:

positive HPRT-Assay
Internal ID:

WOS:000359538500113