EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Argemone mexicana L.

Family:: Papaveraceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 862
Number of processed references:: 14

Compositions

Endpoint Studies

#1: poisoning case report #2: mortality case report, oil #3: pig toxicity

Genotoxicity

#1: intraperitoneal DNA demage

Composition #1: Slavikova, Leonora., Slavik, Jiri. Alkaloids of papaveraceae. VII. Argemone mexicana. chemicke listy pro vedu a prumysl, 1955, vol. 49, p. 1546–9. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol extract
Substance:

chelerythrine (RF-00004204-PAR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.001
Internal remarks:

chelerythrine (0.01%) in the aerial parts

Composition #2: Slavikova, Leonora., Slavik, Jiri. Alkaloids of papaveraceae. VII. Argemone mexicana. chemicke listy pro vedu a prumysl, 1955, vol. 49, p. 1546–9. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol extract
Substance:

protopine (RF-00004010-PAR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.028
Internal remarks:

protopine (0.028) in the aerial parts

Composition #3: Slavikova, Leonora., Slavik, Jiri. Alkaloids of papaveraceae. VII. Argemone mexicana. chemicke listy pro vedu a prumysl, 1955, vol. 49, p. 1546–9. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol extract
Substance:

allocryptopine (RF-00004136-PAR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.047
Internal remarks:

allocryptopine (0.047%) in the aerial parts

Composition #4: Slavikova, Leonora., Slavik, Jiri. Alkaloids of papaveraceae. VII. Argemone mexicana. chemicke listy pro vedu a prumysl, 1955, vol. 49, p. 1546–9. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol extract
Substance:

berberine (RF-00003706-PAR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.041
Internal remarks:

berberine (0.041%) in the aerial parts

Composition #5: Slavikova, Leonora., Slavik, Jiri. Alkaloids of papaveraceae. VII. Argemone mexicana. chemicke listy pro vedu a prumysl, 1955, vol. 49, p. 1546–9. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol extract
Substance:

dihydrosanguinarine (RF-00003780-PAR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.011
Internal remarks:

dihydrosanguinarine (0.011%) in the aerial parts

Composition #6: Slavikova, Leonora., Slavik, Jiri. Alkaloids of papaveraceae. VII. Argemone mexicana. chemicke listy pro vedu a prumysl, 1955, vol. 49, p. 1546–9. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol extract
Substance:

allocryptopine (RF-00004136-PAR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.099
Internal remarks:

allocryptopine (0.099%) in the roots

Composition #7: Slavikova, Leonora., Slavik, Jiri. Alkaloids of papaveraceae. VII. Argemone mexicana. chemicke listy pro vedu a prumysl, 1955, vol. 49, p. 1546–9. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol extract
Substance:

berberine (RF-00003706-PAR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.012
Internal remarks:

berberine in the aerial parts

Composition #8: Slavikova, Leonora., Slavik, Jiri. Alkaloids of papaveraceae. VII. Argemone mexicana. chemicke listy pro vedu a prumysl, 1955, vol. 49, p. 1546–9. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol extract
Substance:

sanguinarine (RF-00004040-PAR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.005
Internal remarks:

sanguinarine (0.005%) in the roots

Composition #9: Slavikova, Leonora., Slavik, Jiri. Alkaloids of papaveraceae. VII. Argemone mexicana. chemicke listy pro vedu a prumysl, 1955, vol. 49, p. 1546–9. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol extract
Substance:

protopine (RF-00004010-PAR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.091
Internal remarks:

protopine (0.091) in the roots

Composition #10: Abou-Donia, Amina H. A., El-Din, Ahmed A. Seif. Phytochemical study of Argemone mexicana L. grown in Egypt. egyptian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 1986, vol. 1984, 25(1-4), p. 1–5. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

berberine (RF-00003706-PAR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.1
Internal remarks:

berberine

Composition #11: Abou-Donia, Amina H. A., El-Din, Ahmed A. Seif. Phytochemical study of Argemone mexicana L. grown in Egypt. egyptian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 1986, vol. 1984, 25(1-4), p. 1–5. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

chelerythrine (RF-00004204-PAR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.03
Internal remarks:

chelerythrine

Composition #12: Abou-Donia, Amina H. A., El-Din, Ahmed A. Seif. Phytochemical study of Argemone mexicana L. grown in Egypt. egyptian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 1986, vol. 1984, 25(1-4), p. 1–5. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

coptisine (RF-00004215-PAR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.004
Internal remarks:

coptisine

Composition #13: Abou-Donia, Amina H. A., El-Din, Ahmed A. Seif. Phytochemical study of Argemone mexicana L. grown in Egypt. egyptian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 1986, vol. 1984, 25(1-4), p. 1–5. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

sanguinarine (RF-00004040-PAR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.004
Internal remarks:

sanguinarine

Composition #14: Abou-Donia, Amina H. A., El-Din, Ahmed A. Seif. Phytochemical study of Argemone mexicana L. grown in Egypt. egyptian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 1986, vol. 1984, 25(1-4), p. 1–5. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

protopine (RF-00004010-PAR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.028
Internal remarks:

protopine

Composition #15: Abou-Donia, Amina H. A., El-Din, Ahmed A. Seif. Phytochemical study of Argemone mexicana L. grown in Egypt. egyptian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 1986, vol. 1984, 25(1-4), p. 1–5. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

allocryptopine (RF-00004136-PAR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.02
Internal remarks:

alpha-allocryptopine

Composition #16: Magora, B.H., Cole, M.D. Phytochemical and toxicological studies of some Botswanan plants used in traditional medicine. z zagadnien nauk sadowych, 2001, vol. 47, p. 358–362. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Substance:

protopine (RF-00004010-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

protopine

Composition #17: Chang, YC., Chang, FR., Khalil, AT., Hsieh, PW., Wu, YC. Cytotoxic benzophenanthridine and benzylisoquinoline alkaloids from Argemone mexicana . zeitschrift fur naturforschung c-a journal of biosciences, 2003, vol. 58, no. 7-8, p. 521–526. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

chloroform
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

benzophenanthridine-type alkaloids (N-demethyloxysanguinarine and pancorine) and benzylisoquinoline-type alkaloids ( (+)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-(2-hydroxymethyl- 3,4-dimethoxyphenylmethyl)-6,7-methylenedioxyisoquinoline, (+)-higenamine)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids in the aerial parts

Composition #18: Chang, YC., Chang, FR., Khalil, AT., Hsieh, PW., Wu, YC. Cytotoxic benzophenanthridine and benzylisoquinoline alkaloids from Argemone mexicana . zeitschrift fur naturforschung c-a journal of biosciences, 2003, vol. 58, no. 7-8, p. 521–526. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

chloroform
Substance:

reticuline (RF-00004026-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

reticuline in the aerial parts

Composition #19: Ansari, KM., Chauhan, LKS., Dhawan, A., Khanna, SK., Das, M. Unequivocal evidence of genotoxic potential of argemone oil in mice. international journal of cancer, 2004, vol. 112, no. 5, p. 890–895. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20319. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

seeds crushed and oil extracted with soxlet aparatus with hexane
Substance:

sanguinarine (RF-00004040-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.33
Internal remarks:

sanguinarine - seed oil

Composition #20: Ansari, KM., Dhawan, A., Khanna, SK., Das, M. In vivo DNA damaging potential of sanguinarine alkaloid, isolated from argemone oil, using alkaline Comet assay in mice . food and chemical toxicology, 2005, vol. 43, no. 1, p. 147–153. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.09.005. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

hexane
Substance:

sanguinarine (RF-00004040-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Mass Spectroscopy and hyphenated methods without chromatography (F063A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.54
Internal remarks:

sanguinarine - seed

Composition #21: Singh, Sarita., Singh, Tryambak Deo., Singh, Virendra P., Pandey, Vidya B. Alkaloids of Argemone mexicana. journal of the indian chemical society, 2009, vol. 86, no. 7, p. 756–757. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Isoquinoline alkaloids (RF-00004391-PAR)
Additional substance description:

dl-tetrahydrocoptisine, dihydrocoptisine, 8-methoxydihydrosanguinarine and 13-oxoprotopine
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

isoquinoline alkaloids (dl-tetrahydrocoptisine, dihydrocoptisine, 8-methoxydihydrosanguinarine and 13-oxoprotopine) in the whole plant

Composition #22: Kukula-Koch, Wirginia., Mroczek, Tomasz. Application of hydrostatic CCC-TLC-HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS for the bioguided fractionation of anticholinesterase alkaloids from Argemone mexicana L. roots . analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2015, vol. 407, no. 9, p. 2581–2589. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8468-x. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

macerated three times using dichloromethane, methanol, and water
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Chelerithrine
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloid Chelerithrine - root

Composition #23: Kukula-Koch, Wirginia., Mroczek, Tomasz. Application of hydrostatic CCC-TLC-HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS for the bioguided fractionation of anticholinesterase alkaloids from Argemone mexicana L. roots . analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2015, vol. 407, no. 9, p. 2581–2589. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8468-x. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

macerated three times using dichloromethane, methanol, and water
Substance:

palmatine (RF-00003971-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Palmatine - root

Composition #24: Kukula-Koch, Wirginia., Mroczek, Tomasz. Application of hydrostatic CCC-TLC-HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS for the bioguided fractionation of anticholinesterase alkaloids from Argemone mexicana L. roots . analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2015, vol. 407, no. 9, p. 2581–2589. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8468-x. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

macerated three times using dichloromethane, methanol, and water
Substance:

magnoflorine (RF-00003919-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Magnoflorine - root

Composition #25: Kukula-Koch, Wirginia., Mroczek, Tomasz. Application of hydrostatic CCC-TLC-HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS for the bioguided fractionation of anticholinesterase alkaloids from Argemone mexicana L. roots . analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2015, vol. 407, no. 9, p. 2581–2589. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8468-x. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

macerated three times using dichloromethane, methanol, and water
Substance:

galanthamine (RF-00003399-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Galanthamine - root

Composition #26: Kukula-Koch, Wirginia., Mroczek, Tomasz. Application of hydrostatic CCC-TLC-HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS for the bioguided fractionation of anticholinesterase alkaloids from Argemone mexicana L. roots . analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2015, vol. 407, no. 9, p. 2581–2589. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8468-x. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

macerated three times using dichloromethane, methanol, and water
Substance:

protopine (RF-00004010-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Protopine - root

Composition #27: Kukula-Koch, Wirginia., Mroczek, Tomasz. Application of hydrostatic CCC-TLC-HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS for the bioguided fractionation of anticholinesterase alkaloids from Argemone mexicana L. roots . analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2015, vol. 407, no. 9, p. 2581–2589. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8468-x. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

macerated three times using dichloromethane, methanol, and water
Substance:

sanguinarine (RF-00004040-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Sanguinarine - root

Composition #28: Kukula-Koch, Wirginia., Mroczek, Tomasz. Application of hydrostatic CCC-TLC-HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS for the bioguided fractionation of anticholinesterase alkaloids from Argemone mexicana L. roots . analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2015, vol. 407, no. 9, p. 2581–2589. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8468-x. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

macerated three times using dichloromethane, methanol, and water
Substance:

coptisine (RF-00004215-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Coptisine - root

Composition #29: Kukula-Koch, Wirginia., Mroczek, Tomasz. Application of hydrostatic CCC-TLC-HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS for the bioguided fractionation of anticholinesterase alkaloids from Argemone mexicana L. roots . analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2015, vol. 407, no. 9, p. 2581–2589. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8468-x. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

macerated three times using dichloromethane, methanol, and water
Substance:

berberine (RF-00003706-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

berberine - root

Composition #30: Singh, Sarita., Verma, Mradul., Malhotra, Meenakshi., Prakash, Satya., Singh, Tryambak Deo. Cytotoxicity of alkaloids isolated from Argemone mexicana on SW480 human colon cancer cell line . pharmaceutical biology, 2016, vol. 54, no. 4, p. 740–745. DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1073334. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

extracted with methanol in Soxlet aparatus
Substance:

protopine (RF-00004010-PAR)
Additional substance description:

13-oxoprotopine
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

MS, NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

13-oxoprotopine in the aerial parts

Composition #31: Singh, Sarita., Verma, Mradul., Malhotra, Meenakshi., Prakash, Satya., Singh, Tryambak Deo. Cytotoxicity of alkaloids isolated from Argemone mexicana on SW480 human colon cancer cell line . pharmaceutical biology, 2016, vol. 54, no. 4, p. 740–745. DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1073334. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

extracted with methanol in Soxlet aparatus
Substance:

Isoquinoline alkaloids (RF-00004391-PAR)
Additional substance description:

dehydrocorydalmine
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

MS, NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

dehydrocorydalmine in the aerial parts

Composition #32: Singh, Sarita., Verma, Mradul., Malhotra, Meenakshi., Prakash, Satya., Singh, Tryambak Deo. Cytotoxicity of alkaloids isolated from Argemone mexicana on SW480 human colon cancer cell line . pharmaceutical biology, 2016, vol. 54, no. 4, p. 740–745. DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1073334. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

extracted with methanol in Soxlet aparatus
Substance:

dihydrosanguinarine (RF-00003780-PAR)
Additional substance description:

8-methoxydihydrosanguinarine
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

MS, NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

8-methoxydihydrosanguinarine in the aerial parts

Composition #33: Singh, Sarita., Verma, Mradul., Malhotra, Meenakshi., Prakash, Satya., Singh, Tryambak Deo. Cytotoxicity of alkaloids isolated from Argemone mexicana on SW480 human colon cancer cell line . pharmaceutical biology, 2016, vol. 54, no. 4, p. 740–745. DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1073334. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

extracted with methanol in Soxlet aparatus
Substance:

jatrorrhizine (RF-00003887-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

MS, NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

jatrorrhizine in the aerial parts

Composition #34: Singh, Sarita., Verma, Mradul., Malhotra, Meenakshi., Prakash, Satya., Singh, Tryambak Deo. Cytotoxicity of alkaloids isolated from Argemone mexicana on SW480 human colon cancer cell line . pharmaceutical biology, 2016, vol. 54, no. 4, p. 740–745. DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1073334. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

extracted with methanol in Soxlet aparatus
Substance:

berberine (RF-00003706-PAR)
Additional substance description:

8-oxyberberine
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

MS, NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

8-oxyberberine in the aerial parts

Composition #35: Singh, Sarita., Verma, Mradul., Malhotra, Meenakshi., Prakash, Satya., Singh, Tryambak Deo. Cytotoxicity of alkaloids isolated from Argemone mexicana on SW480 human colon cancer cell line . pharmaceutical biology, 2016, vol. 54, no. 4, p. 740–745. DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1073334. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

extracted with methanol in Soxlet aparatus
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

protomexicine
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

MS, NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

protomexicine in the aerial parts

Composition #36: FLETCHER, MT., TAKKEN, G., BLANEY, BJ., ALBERTS, V. ISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS AND KETO-FATTY ACIDS OF ARGEMONE-OCHROLEUCA AND A-MEXICANA (MEXICAN POPPY) SEED .1. AN ASSAY-METHOD AND FACTORS AFFECTING THEIR CONCENTRATION . australian journal of agricultural research, 1993, vol. 44, no. 2, p. 265–275. DOI: 10.1071/AR9930265. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5% tartaric acid in methanol
Substance:

sanguinarine (RF-00004040-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.08-0.09
Internal remarks:

sanguinarine - seed oil

Composition #37: FLETCHER, MT., TAKKEN, G., BLANEY, BJ., ALBERTS, V. ISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS AND KETO-FATTY ACIDS OF ARGEMONE-OCHROLEUCA AND A-MEXICANA (MEXICAN POPPY) SEED .1. AN ASSAY-METHOD AND FACTORS AFFECTING THEIR CONCENTRATION . australian journal of agricultural research, 1993, vol. 44, no. 2, p. 265–275. DOI: 10.1071/AR9930265. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5% tartaric acid in methanol
Substance:

dihydrosanguinarine (RF-00003780-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.06-1.8
Internal remarks:

dihydrosanguinarine - seed oil

Composition #38: FLETCHER, MT., TAKKEN, G., BLANEY, BJ., ALBERTS, V. ISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS AND KETO-FATTY ACIDS OF ARGEMONE-OCHROLEUCA AND A-MEXICANA (MEXICAN POPPY) SEED .1. AN ASSAY-METHOD AND FACTORS AFFECTING THEIR CONCENTRATION . australian journal of agricultural research, 1993, vol. 44, no. 2, p. 265–275. DOI: 10.1071/AR9930265. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5% tartaric acid in methanol
Substance:

berberine (RF-00003706-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.01-0.07
Internal remarks:

berberine - seed oil

Composition #39: Piacente, S., Capasso, A., DeTommasi, N., Jativa, C., Pizza, C., Sorrentino, L. Different effects of some isoquinoline alkaloids from Argemone mexicana on electrically induced contractions of isolated guinea-pig ileum . phytotherapy research, 1997, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 155–157. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199703)11:2<155::AID-PTR48>3.3.CO;2-0. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol, chloroform in soxlet aparatus
Substance:

berberine (RF-00003706-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

berberine in the aerial parts

Composition #40: Piacente, S., Capasso, A., DeTommasi, N., Jativa, C., Pizza, C., Sorrentino, L. Different effects of some isoquinoline alkaloids from Argemone mexicana on electrically induced contractions of isolated guinea-pig ileum . phytotherapy research, 1997, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 155–157. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199703)11:2<155::AID-PTR48>3.3.CO;2-0. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol, chloroform in soxlet aparatus
Substance:

allocryptopine (RF-00004136-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

allocryptopine in the aerial parts

Composition #41: Piacente, S., Capasso, A., DeTommasi, N., Jativa, C., Pizza, C., Sorrentino, L. Different effects of some isoquinoline alkaloids from Argemone mexicana on electrically induced contractions of isolated guinea-pig ileum . phytotherapy research, 1997, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 155–157. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199703)11:2<155::AID-PTR48>3.3.CO;2-0. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol, chloroform in soxlet aparatus
Substance:

protopine (RF-00004010-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

protopine in the aerial parts

Endpoint study #1: Sarkar, Sarashi L. Katakar-oil poisoning. indian medical gazette, 1926, vol. 61, p. 62–3. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional plant/substance description:

oil
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

spitting and vomiting, which was followed by disturbance of the bowels, followed by gradual oedema of the feet and legs
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

food consumption (CHD007BE)
Internal remarks:

poisoning case report

Endpoint study #2: Verma, SK., Dev, G., Tyagi, AK., Goomber, S., Jain, GV. Argemone mexicana poisoning: autopsy findings of two cases. forensic science international, 2001, vol. 115, no. 1-2, p. 135–141. DOI: 10.1016/S0379-0738(00)00322-4. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Additional plant/substance description:

oil
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

2
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Effect description:

lag period of 15±20 days, bilateral pitting edema of extremities, flushed skin with petechial hemorrhages, generalized congestion with increased vascularity of all the organs specially the solid viscera like liver, kidneys, lungs
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

mortality case report, oil

Endpoint study #3: TAKKEN, G., FLETCHER, MT., BLANEY, BJ. ISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS AND KETO-FATTY ACIDS OF ARGEMONE-OCHROLEUCA AND A-MEXICANA (MEXICAN POPPY) SEED .2. CONCENTRATIONS TOLERATED BY PIGS . australian journal of agricultural research, 1993, vol. 44, no. 2, p. 277–285. DOI: 10.1071/AR9930277. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Powder (A06JD)
Type of toxicological test:

subchronic (CHD013TT)
Tested organism:

Pig (as animal) (A057F)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

6.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Week (G205A)
Number of organisms dosed:

30
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

1.5
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

Mild diarrhoea, significant reductions in growth rate.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

behaviour (CHD001BE)
Internal remarks:

pig toxicity

Genotox #1: Ansari, KM., Dhawan, A., Khanna, SK., Das, M. In vivo DNA damaging potential of sanguinarine alkaloid, isolated from argemone oil, using alkaline Comet assay in mice . food and chemical toxicology, 2005, vol. 43, no. 1, p. 147–153. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.09.005. [DOI link]

Study category:

Genotoxicity
Type of toxicological test:

single cell gel/comet assay in mammalian cells for detection of DNA damage (CHD040TT)
Method type:

in vivo
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

Swiss (CHD005ST)
Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)
Exposure duration for in vivo:

24.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Hour (G099A)
Number of organisms dosed:

4
Control groups used:

yes
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

DNA damage in blood and bone marrow cells
Internal remarks:

intraperitoneal DNA demage
Internal ID:

WOS:000226446300017