EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Bearberry (as plant) // Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.

Family:: Ericaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1009
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: Corilagin in leaves #2: Ellagitannin in leaves #3: Gallic acid in leaves #4: Gallotannin in leaves #5: tannins in leaves #6: gallic acid in roots #7: gallic acid in stems #8: gallic acid in leaves #9: Epigallocatechin in leaves #10: Epigallocatechin in stems #11: Corilagin in stems #12: Corilagin in roots #13: tannins in leaves #14: Corilagin in leaves #15: tannins in stems #16: tannins in roots

Endpoint Studies

#1: ophtalmo toxicity in humans

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Britton, G., Haslam, E. Gallotannins. XII. Phenolic constituents of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. journal of the chemical society, 1965, vol. (Dec.), p. 7312–19. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

corilagin (RF-00003751-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Corilagin in leaves

Composition #2: Britton, G., Haslam, E. Gallotannins. XII. Phenolic constituents of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. journal of the chemical society, 1965, vol. (Dec.), p. 7312–19. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Ellagitannins (hydrolysable tannins) Ellagitannins (hydrolysable tannins) (RF-00004379-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Ellagitannin in leaves

Composition #3: Britton, G., Haslam, E. Gallotannins. XII. Phenolic constituents of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. journal of the chemical society, 1965, vol. (Dec.), p. 7312–19. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Gallic acid in leaves

Composition #4: Britton, G., Haslam, E. Gallotannins. XII. Phenolic constituents of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. journal of the chemical society, 1965, vol. (Dec.), p. 7312–19. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Gallotannins (RF-00013316-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Gallotannin in leaves

Composition #5: Raal, Ain., Kuznetsova, Irina. The effect of the method and duration of extraction on the content of biologically active compounds in herbal teas. proceedings of the estonian academy of sciences, chemistry, 2007, vol. 56, no. 1, p. 53–56. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

10.1 - 24.5
Internal remarks:

tannins in leaves

Composition #6: Olennikov, D. N., Chekhirova, G. V. 6 ''-Galloylpicein and other phenolic compounds from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi . chemistry of natural compounds, 2013, vol. 49, no. 1, p. 1–7. DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0491-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.03
Internal remarks:

gallic acid in roots

Composition #7: Olennikov, D. N., Chekhirova, G. V. 6 ''-Galloylpicein and other phenolic compounds from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi . chemistry of natural compounds, 2013, vol. 49, no. 1, p. 1–7. DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0491-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.89
Internal remarks:

gallic acid in stems

Composition #8: Olennikov, D. N., Chekhirova, G. V. 6 ''-Galloylpicein and other phenolic compounds from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi . chemistry of natural compounds, 2013, vol. 49, no. 1, p. 1–7. DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0491-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.66
Internal remarks:

gallic acid in leaves

Composition #9: Olennikov, D. N., Chekhirova, G. V. 6 ''-Galloylpicein and other phenolic compounds from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi . chemistry of natural compounds, 2013, vol. 49, no. 1, p. 1–7. DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0491-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Epigallocatechin (RF-00010399-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

15.76
Internal remarks:

Epigallocatechin in leaves

Composition #10: Olennikov, D. N., Chekhirova, G. V. 6 ''-Galloylpicein and other phenolic compounds from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi . chemistry of natural compounds, 2013, vol. 49, no. 1, p. 1–7. DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0491-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Epigallocatechin (RF-00010399-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9.19
Internal remarks:

Epigallocatechin in stems

Composition #11: Olennikov, D. N., Chekhirova, G. V. 6 ''-Galloylpicein and other phenolic compounds from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi . chemistry of natural compounds, 2013, vol. 49, no. 1, p. 1–7. DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0491-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

corilagin (RF-00003751-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

15.03
Internal remarks:

Corilagin in stems

Composition #12: Olennikov, D. N., Chekhirova, G. V. 6 ''-Galloylpicein and other phenolic compounds from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi . chemistry of natural compounds, 2013, vol. 49, no. 1, p. 1–7. DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0491-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

corilagin (RF-00003751-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.66
Internal remarks:

Corilagin in roots

Composition #13: Olennikov, D. N., Chekhirova, G. V. 6 ''-Galloylpicein and other phenolic compounds from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi . chemistry of natural compounds, 2013, vol. 49, no. 1, p. 1–7. DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0491-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

72.58
Internal remarks:

tannins in leaves

Composition #14: Olennikov, D. N., Chekhirova, G. V. 6 ''-Galloylpicein and other phenolic compounds from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi . chemistry of natural compounds, 2013, vol. 49, no. 1, p. 1–7. DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0491-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

corilagin (RF-00003751-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

57.51
Internal remarks:

Corilagin in leaves

Composition #15: Olennikov, D. N., Chekhirova, G. V. 6 ''-Galloylpicein and other phenolic compounds from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi . chemistry of natural compounds, 2013, vol. 49, no. 1, p. 1–7. DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0491-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

19.15
Internal remarks:

tannins in stems

Composition #16: Olennikov, D. N., Chekhirova, G. V. 6 ''-Galloylpicein and other phenolic compounds from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi . chemistry of natural compounds, 2013, vol. 49, no. 1, p. 1–7. DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0491-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.66
Internal remarks:

tannins in roots

Endpoint study #1: Wang, L., Del Priore, L.V. Bull's-Eye maculopathy secondary to herbal toxicity from uva ursi. american journal of ophthalmology, 2004, vol. 137, no. 6, p. 1135–1137. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2004.01.004. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

3.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Year (G207A)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

Other toxicities (TOX19A)
Effect description:

bilateral bull's-eye maculopathy
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

ophtalmo toxicity in humans