EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh.

Family:: Asteraceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 166
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: Arctiopicrin (sesquiterpene lactone) in the plant #2: An unsaturated 8-lactone with an ester group and hydroxyl group (a sesquiterpene lactone) named after as Arctiopicrin in the leaves #3: Prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate in the pith parenchyma cells of the secondary stem and ovary; Styloids of CaOx present in the corolla cells, anther and in the style cells. #4: Atropine in roots

Endpoint Studies

#1: Acute poisoning by tea from the roots

Genotoxicity

#1: COMET tail moment changes by the leaves extract in human lymphocytes

Composition #1: Suchy, M., Horak, M., Herout, V., Sorm, F. Terpenes. LXXXIV. The structure of arctiopicrin, sesquiterpene lactone from Arctium minus Bernh. croatica chemica acta, 1957, vol. 29, p. 247–54. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Sesquiterpene lactones (RF-00004319-PAR)
Additional substance description:

arctiopicrin
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Arctiopicrin (sesquiterpene lactone) in the plant

Composition #2: Plourde, J. R., Mockle, J. A. Phytochemical investigations on Compositae. III. Arctium minus. Preliminary investigations with particular reference to a lactone principle. canadian pharmaceutical journal, 1961, vol. 94(No. 1), p. 33–5. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Sesquiterpene lactones (RF-00004319-PAR)
Additional substance description:

One substance, extracted from the leaves of Arctium minus, showed physico-chemicals properties in accordance with an unsaturated 8-lactone with an ester group and hydroxyl group named after as Arctiopicrin.
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

An unsaturated 8-lactone with an ester group and hydroxyl group (a sesquiterpene lactone) named after as Arctiopicrin in the leaves

Composition #3: Kartal, Ciler. CALCIUM OXALATE CRYSTALS IN SOME SPECIES OF THE TRIBE CARDUEAE (ASTERACEAE) . botanical sciences, 2016, vol. 94, no. 1, p. 107–119. DOI: 10.17129/botsci.259. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol and glacial acetic acid (3:1 v/v)
Substance:

Calcium oxalate (RF-00003960-PAR)
Additional substance description:

CaOx
Analytical method code:

Microscopic detection (F536A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate in the pith parenchyma cells of the secondary stem and ovary; Styloids of CaOx present in the corolla cells, anther and in the style cells.

Composition #4: BRYSON, PD., WATANABE, AS., RUMACK, BH., MURPHY, RC. BURDOCK ROOT TEA POISONING - CASE-REPORT INVOLVING A COMMERCIAL PREPARATION . jama-journal of the american medical association, 1978, vol. 239, no. 20, p. 2157–2157. DOI: 10.1001/jama.239.20.2157. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

95 % ethanol
Substance:

Atropine (RF-00000246-TOX)
Additional substance description:

atropine-like alkaloid
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

300
Internal remarks:

Atropine in roots

Endpoint study #1: BRYSON, PD., WATANABE, AS., RUMACK, BH., MURPHY, RC. BURDOCK ROOT TEA POISONING - CASE-REPORT INVOLVING A COMMERCIAL PREPARATION . jama-journal of the american medical association, 1978, vol. 239, no. 20, p. 2157–2157. DOI: 10.1001/jama.239.20.2157. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Atropine (RF-00000246-TOX)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

Tea from the roots
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Limit test:

No
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Female
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

Neurologic (TT004A)
Effect description:

anticholinergic: blurred vision, dry mouth, mydriasis, behavioral change
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

Acute poisoning by tea from the roots

Genotox #1: Basaran, AA., Yu, TW., Plewa, MJ., Anderson, D. An investigation of some turkish herbal medicines in Salmonella typhimurium and in the COMET assay in human lymphocytes . teratogenesis carcinogenesis and mutagenesis, 1996, vol. 16, no. 2, p. 125–138. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6866(1996)16:2<125::AID-TCM6>3.0.CO;2-K. [DOI link]

Study category:

Genotoxicity
Type of toxicological test:

single cell gel/comet assay in mammalian cells for detection of DNA damage (CHD040TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Guideline used:

No guideline followed
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

No data
Exogenous metabolic activation applied:

not applicable
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

DNA damage and/or repair
Is genotoxic:

Inconclusive
Remarks on genotox study:

Saline extract of leaves positive in COMET assay (tail moment) in human lymphocytes
Internal remarks:

COMET tail moment changes by the leaves extract in human lymphocytes
Internal ID:

WOS:A1996VE89800006